山東省2025屆高三下學期一?？荚囉⒄Z試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省2025屆高三下學期一?？荚囉⒄Z試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）ABestLondonwalkingtoursSandemansNewLondonToursGainanattractiveinsightintoLondon’shistory.VisittheCityofLondon,stoppingatStPaul’sCathedralandtheTowerofLondon;exploreEastLondoncoveringBricklane,Cockneycultureandthecriminalunderworld;learnaboutJacktheRipper;orboardonafive-venuepubcrawl.OpeningTimes:Dailyat11:00and14:00CityVisitorTrailTheCityVisitorTrailtakesyouonajourneythroughtheheartofLondon.TakeinfamousattractionssuchasStPaul’sCathedral,Guildhall,theBankofEnglandandtheTowerofLondonortrythethemed“side-tracks”,eachonemovingawayfromthemainpathtogiveamorein-depthlookatonepartofthecity.OpeningTimes:Available24hoursaday,7daysaweek.Checkwithindividualattractionsforentryrequirements.BritMovieToursJoinauniquemovieandTVsightseeingwalkingtourexperienceinLondonandgoonlocationtoseeincrediblesetsandfascinatinglandmarks.Localguidesprovidefascinatinginsightsintotheindustryandtherearemultipletoursavailable,includingDoctorWho,GangsterofLondonandHarryPotterTourofLondonlocations.OpeningTimes:MondaytoFriday9:00amto5:30pmRoyalTourofLondonVisitthreeroyalpalacesasyoujourneyfromBigBentoBuckinghamPalaceandTrafalgarSquare.AlongthewayyouwilldiscoverplotstodestroyParliament,Churchill’shiddenshelter,veryexpensiveclubsfortherichandfamous,andmore.Andifthat’snotenoughexcitement,listencloselyforincredibletalesofman-eatingpelicans(鵜鶘)andcrazylosttourists.ThiswalkingtourisrunbyStrawberryTours.OpeningTimes:Thetourstartsat10ameveryday1.Whichtourisnotavailablefortouristsworkingonweekdays?A.RoyalTourofLondon B.SandemansNewLondonToursC.BritMovieTours D.CityVisitorTrail2.WhatcanbringtouriststhrillontheRoyalTourofLondon?A.Visitingsomefilm-makinglocations B.ListeningtosomeunbelievablelegendsC.Participatinginmakingfilms D.Samplinggoodwine3.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atravelguide B.AnacademicmagazineC.Acoursebrochure D.Abusinessplan【答案】1.C2.B3.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文，文章介紹四個不同的倫敦徒步旅行項目?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BritMovieTours部分中“OpeningTimes:MondaytoFriday9:00amto5:30pm(開放時間：星期一至五上午九時至下午五時三十分)”可知，BritMovieTours在工作日開放，故不適合工作日上班的人，故選C?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RoyalTourofLondon部分中“Andifthat’snotenoughexcitement,listencloselyforincredibletalesofman-eatingpelicans(鵜鶘)andcrazylosttourists.(如果這還不夠刺激，請仔細聽關于食人鵜鶘和瘋狂迷路的游客的令人難以置信的故事)”可知，聽一些傳奇故事會帶給游客刺激，故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內容以及標題“BestLondonwalkingtours(倫敦最佳徒步游)”可知，文章介紹四個不同的倫敦徒步旅行項目，可能出自旅游指南，故選A。BThenewbuildingoftheSanxingduiMuseumiscrowdedwithvisitors,withmanydrawntoabronzefigurewithatwistedhead.Touristsstoptoadmiretheremarkableartifact(文物),whichwasunearthedbyarchaeologistXuDanyang.AftergraduatingfromPekingUniversity,XuhasbeenworkingfortheSichuanProvincialCulturalRelicsandArchaeologyResearchInstitute,leadingtheexcavationofPitNo4wherethestatuewasfound.The29-year-oldemphasizesthatarchaeologicalexcavationisarduous(艱辛的)buthestillfindsthethrillofdiscoveringnewrelicstobeunforgettable.Toincreaseawarenessofculturalheritagediversity,April18hasbeensetbyUNESCOastheInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites.LikeXu,manyyoungChinesepeoplearetakingonamoresignificantroleinexcavating,exploring,protectingandpromotingculturalrelics.Bornin1992,ZhangBinhasservedasaguideatEmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseumforover10years.HesetshimselfapartfromotherguidesbyincorporatingtechniquesfromtraditionalChinesecomedyxiangsheng,orcrosstalk,intohisexplanations.Heviewshisroleasnotjustajobbutalegacy,beingthethirdgenerationinhisfamilytoworkwiththeTerracottaWarriors.Hisgrandfatherwasamongthemuseum’sfoundingbuilderswhilehisuncleisaprofessorinanarchaeologicalteambasedthere.Now,it’sZhang’sturntobecomeastorytelleroftheTerracottaWarriors.WuYunjie,aChinesebloggerborninthe1990s,offersfollowersdynamicinsightsintothebeautyofChinesecivilizationthroughhisacclaimed(廣受好評的)“nationalculturalrelicsmap”whichhasgoneviralonline.Since2020,Wuhasmarkednearly10,000culturalheritagelocations,includingtemples,ancientpagodas,traditionalresidences,bridgesandtowersonadynamicmap.Dotsofvaryingcolorsrepresentdifferentlevelsofculturalheritageprotectionandmuseumgrades.Together,theyform“themostdistinctcolors”onourland,WutoldthewebsiteoftheEzhougovernment.Lookingahead,Wuaimstorefineandupdatethemapbasedonsuggestionsfrominternetusers,desiringtoeventuallysharethevaluableresourcewithotherhistoryandcultureenthusiasts.4.WhichwordscandescribeXuDanyang’sfeelingaboutarchaeologicalexcavation?A.Annoyingandstruggling. B.Boringbutrewarding.C.Painstakingbutexciting. D.Creativeanddiligent.5.WhatmakesZhangBindifferentfromotherguides?A.OfferingdynamicinsightsintothebeautyofChinesecivilization.B.Integratingcomedytechniquesintohisinterpretation.C.Markingculturalheritagelocationsonadynamicmap.D.Increasingpeople’sawarenessofculturalheritagediversity.6.WhatisWuYunjie’snewvisionforthefuture?A.Toadopttheproposalsofnetizenstorefreshthemap.B.TobecomeastorytelleroftheTerracottaWarriors.C.TocollaboratewithInternetuserstorefinethemap.D.Tomarkmoreheritagelocationsonadynamicmap.7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthetext?A.Thesignificanceofpromotingculturalheritage.B.Chineseyoungpeople’seffortstopromoteculturalheritage.C.Theimportanceofincreasingawarenessofculturalheritage.D.Thechallengesofpromotingandprotectingculturalheritage.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了中國年輕人在文物保護方面的貢獻和努力?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段最后一句“The29-year-oldemphasizesthatarchaeologicalexcavationisarduous(艱辛的)buthestillfindsthethrillofdiscoveringnewrelicstobeunforgettable.(這位29歲的年輕人強調，考古發(fā)掘工作十分艱辛，但他仍然覺得發(fā)現(xiàn)新文物的刺激感令人難忘。)”可知，29歲的徐丹陽強調考古發(fā)掘是艱辛的，但他仍然覺得發(fā)現(xiàn)新文物的刺激是令人難忘的。因此，可以用“painstakingbutexciting(艱辛但令人興奮)”來形容徐丹陽對考古發(fā)掘的感受。故選C?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“HesetshimselfapartfromotherguidesbyincorporatingtechniquesfromtraditionalChinesecomedyxiangsheng,orcrosstalk,intohisexplanations.(他通過在講解中融入中國傳統(tǒng)喜劇相聲的技巧，使自己與其他導游區(qū)別開來。)”可知，張斌與其他導游不同之處在于他把喜劇技巧融入到了他的講解中。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段中“Lookingahead,Wuaimstorefineandupdatethemapbasedonsuggestionsfrominternetusers,desiringtoeventuallysharethevaluableresourcewithotherhistoryandcultureenthusiasts.(展望未來，吳云杰計劃根據(jù)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶的建議對地圖進行細化和更新，希望最終能與其他歷史和文化愛好者共享這一寶貴資源。)”可知，吳云杰對未來的新愿景是采納網(wǎng)民的建議來更新地圖。故選A。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第二段中“Toincreaseawarenessofculturalheritagediversity,April18hasbeensetbyUNESCOastheInternationalDayforMonumentsandSites.LikeXu,manyyoungChinesepeoplearetakingonamoresignificantroleinexcavating,exploring,protectingandpromotingculturalrelics.(為了增強人們對文化遺產多樣性的認識，聯(lián)合國教科文組織將4月18日定為國際古跡和遺址日。像徐丹陽一樣，許多中國青年在發(fā)掘、探索、保護和推廣文化遺產方面正發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。)”可知，文章主要講述了中國年輕人在文物保護方面的貢獻和努力。因此，作者想在文中傳達的是中國年輕人在推廣文化遺產方面的努力。故選B。CTheU.N.weatheragencyissoundinga“redalert”aboutglobalwarming,citingrecord-smashingincreaseslastyearingreenhousegases,landandwatertemperaturesandmeltingofglaciersandseaice,andiswarningthattheworld’seffortstocompletelychangethetrendhavebeeninadequate.TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationsaidthereisahighprobabilitythat2024willbeanotherrecord-hotyear.The12-monthperiodfromMarch2023toFebruary2024pushedbeyondthat1.5-degreelimit,averaging1.56℃(2.81°F)higher,accordingtotheEuropeanUnion’sCopernicusClimateChangeService.Itsaidthecalendaryear2023wasjustbelow1.5℃at1.48℃(2.66℉),butarecordhotstarttothisyearpushedbeyondthatlevelforthe12-monthaverage.ThelatestWMOfindingsareespeciallyseverewhenputtogetherinasinglereport.In2023,over90%ofoceanwatersexperiencedheatwaveconditionsatleastonce.Glaciersmonitoredsince1950lostthemosticeonrecord.Antarcticseaiceretreatedtoitslowestlevelever.Theimpactofheatwaves,floods,droughts,wildfiresandtropicalcyclones(旋風),worsenedbyclimatechange,wasfeltinlivelihoodsoneverycontinentin2023.ThereportcomesasclimateexpertsandgovernmentministersaretogatherintheDanishcapital,CopenhagenonThursdayandFridaytopressforgreateraction,includingincreasednationalcommitmentstofightglobalwarming.“Eachyeartheclimatestorygetsworse;eachyearWMOofficialsandothersannouncethatthelatestreportisawake-upcalltodecisionmakers,”saidUniversityofVictoriaclimatescientistAndrewWeaver,aformerBritishColumbialawmaker.“Yeteachyear,oncethe24-hournewscycleisover,fartoomanyofourelected‘leaders’returntopartisanbickering(黨派爭論)andadvancingpolicieswithdemonstrableshort-termoutcomes,”hesaid.“Moreoftenthannoteverythingelseendsuptakingpriorityovertheadvancementofclimatepolicy.Andso,nothinggetsdone.”8.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.PresentingthefindingsofWMO. B.Reportinganotherrecord-hotyear.C.Warningofthecomingnaturaldisaster. D.Analyzingthecauseofclimatechange.9.Whydoestheauthormentionthedatainparagraph2?A.Toindicatetheredalert. B.Tomakeacomparison.C.Toexplain1.5-degreelimit. D.Topresentareality.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“pressfor”mean?A.Pushfor. B.Searchfor.C.Strugglefor. D.Preparefor.11.WhatcanbeinferredfromAndrewWeaver’swords?A.Theelectedleadersattachgreatimportancetoglobalwarming.B.Hepersuadestheelectedleaderstomakeclimatepolicy.C.Theelectedleadersdon’ttakeclimatepolicyseriously.D.Agreatbreakthroughhasmadewithjointefforts.【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要介紹了聯(lián)合國氣象機構關于全球變暖的“紅色警報”，指出去年溫室氣體、陸地和水溫以及冰川和海冰融化的記錄創(chuàng)歷史新高，并警告世界在完全改變這一趨勢方面的努力不足。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheU.N.weatheragencyissoundinga“redalert”aboutglobalwarming,citingrecord-smashingincreaseslastyearingreenhousegases,landandwatertemperaturesandmeltingofglaciersandseaice,andiswarningthattheworld’seffortstocompletelychangethetrendhavebeeninadequate.TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationsaidthereisahighprobabilitythat2024willbeanotherrecord-hotyear(聯(lián)合國氣象機構就全球變暖發(fā)出了“紅色”預警，指出去年溫室氣體增加、陸地和水溫上升以及冰川和海冰融化均創(chuàng)下了新記錄，并警告說，全世界為徹底改變這一趨勢所做的努力還不夠。世界氣象組織表示，2024年很有可能會是又一個破紀錄的炎熱年份)”以及最后一段““Eachyeartheclimatestorygetsworse;eachyearWMOofficialsandothersannouncethatthelatestreportisawake-upcalltodecisionmakers,”saidUniversityofVictoriaclimatescientistAndrewWeaver,aformerBritishColumbialawmaker.“Yeteachyear,oncethe24-hournewscycleisover,fartoomanyofourelected‘leaders’returntopartisanbickering(黨派爭論)andadvancingpolicieswithdemonstrableshort-termoutcomes,”hesaid.“Moreoftenthannoteverythingelseendsuptakingpriorityovertheadvancementofclimatepolicy.Andso,nothinggetsdone.”(維多利亞大學氣候科學家、前不列顛哥倫比亞省立法者安德魯·韋弗（AndrewWeaver）表示：“每年氣候情況都變得更糟；每年世界氣象組織（WMO）的官員和其他人士都會宣布，最新的報告是對決策者們的一記警鐘。然而，每年一旦24小時的新聞周期結束，我們太多民選的‘領導人’就回到黨派爭論和推行有明顯短期效果的政策上。更多的時候，其他所有事情的優(yōu)先級都高于推進氣候政策。因此，什么也做不成?！?”可知，本文主要介紹了聯(lián)合國氣象機構關于全球變暖的“紅色警報”，指出去年的相關數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)歷史新高，且世界在改變這一趨勢方面的努力不足，可推理出本文的目的是報道另一創(chuàng)紀錄的高溫年，故選B項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“The12-monthperiodfromMarch2023toFebruary2024pushedbeyondthat1.5-degreelimit,averaging1.56℃(2.81°F)higher,accordingtotheEuropeanUnion’sCopernicusClimateChangeService.Itsaidthecalendaryear2023wasjustbelow1.5℃at1.48℃(2.66℉),butarecordhotstarttothisyearpushedbeyondthatlevelforthe12-monthaverage(歐盟哥白尼氣候變化服務局表示，從2023年3月到2024年2月的12個月期間，氣溫超過了1.5攝氏度的限制，平均氣溫高出1.56攝氏度（2.81華氏度）。該機構稱，2023年全年的平均氣溫為1.48攝氏度（2.66華氏度），略低于1.5攝氏度，但今年創(chuàng)紀錄的高溫開局將12個月的平均水平推高到了這一水平之上)”可知，該段具體闡述了2023年3月至2024年2月這12個月的平均氣溫以及2023年全年的平均氣溫，這些數(shù)據(jù)都是為了支撐第一段中提到的聯(lián)合國氣象機構的“紅色警報”，即表明全球變暖的嚴峻形勢，發(fā)出紅色警報，故選A項?！?0題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“ThereportcomesasclimateexpertsandgovernmentministersaretogatherintheDanishcapital,CopenhagenonThursdayandFridayto…greateraction,includingincreasednationalcommitmentstofightglobalwarming(這份報告發(fā)布之際，氣候專家和政府部長們將于周四和周五齊聚丹麥首都哥本哈根，……采取更有力的行動，包括加大各國對抗全球變暖的承諾)”可知，氣候專家和政府部長們將于周四和周五在丹麥首都哥本哈根舉行會議，目的是推動采取更有力的行動，包括加大對應對全球變暖的國家承諾?？赏评沓觥皃ressfor”在此處表示“推動，力爭”，與“Pushfor”意思相近，故選A項。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Yeteachyear,oncethe24-hournewscycleisover,fartoomanyofourelected‘leaders’returntopartisanbickering(黨派爭論)andadvancingpolicieswithdemonstrableshort-termoutcomes(然而，每年一旦24小時的新聞周期結束，我們太多民選的“領導人”便回到黨派紛爭中，去推行那些有明顯短期效果的政策)”可知，每年一旦24小時的新聞周期結束，太多的當選“領導人”又回到黨派爭論中，推行那些明顯具有短期效果的政策，由此可推斷出，當選的領導人并沒有認真對待氣候政策，故選C項。DTheconstructionsiteofthefutureisalreadyhereashomes,officebuildingsandindustrialsitesgouparoundthecountry.Robotsthatcanlaybricks,putupdrywallandtierebar(鋼筋)areengaginginatatimewhentheconstructionindustryisinmajortransformation.Meanwhile,start-upsarepouringevenmoreresourcesintothefield,includingbuildingrobotsthatsurveyandmonitoraswellasheavymachinerythatcanoperateonitsown.Theyarehopingtoautomateacomplicatedfieldinvolvingmovingpartsandvastlydifferentsitesandbuildings.Fuelingthewaveoninnovationisaconstructioncrisis.Buildingcostsarerising,andhundredsofthousandsofjobsremainunfilled.Thosewhoareintheindustryaregettingolderandworkingundersometimesdeadlyconditions.Consequently,federalmoneyispouringintobuildbetterinfrastructure.Theconfluence(匯合)offactorshavecreatedasituationwheremoreconstructionfirmsareturningtorobotstoautomateworkonjobsites.Still,theburstofactivitycausedseveralworkforceexpertstobecomeconcernedthatitcouldleadtojoblossesorasituationwherepeoplewhoworkalongsidetheserobotsareleftworkingmorequicklyandinmoreunsafeworkenvironments.Robotsarenostrangerintheindustry.Amazonusesalotofrobotsinitsoperations,fromtheRoomba-likeKivathatmovespackages,toSparrow,whichgraspsthingswithhumanlikeflexibility.Butthedynamicsinconstructionhavebeendifferent,Johnson-Robersonsaid.Thehome-buildingindustryhasbeenslower,becausemuchofthetasksrequirefinemotorcontrol,whichrobotshavehadahardertimedoing,headded.NikTheodore,thedirectoroftheCenterforUrbanEconomicDevelopmentattheUniversityofIllinoisinChicago,saidtherobotscouldholdpromiseiftheycanautomatetheofteninjury-sufferinganddeadlytasksconstructionworkershave“inaverydangerousindustrywithlargenumbersofdeaths.”Buttheconcern,hesaid,is“thetemptation(誘惑)”forautomationtospeedupjobtasksandincreaseworkerexhaustion,leadingtoasituationwhereburnoutandinjuriesoccurmore,notless.12.Whyarestart-upsinvestingresourcesintotheconstructionfield?A.Toreplacehumans’work. B.Tomonitorconstructionworkers.C.Tosurveytheapplicationoftherobots. D.Toachieveautomationinthefield.13.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A.Robotscanonlybeappliedtosomebig-scaleprojects.B.Home-buildingindustryneedshumanworkers’involvement.C.Big-scaleprojectsneedtrainingrobotsratherthanhumanworkers.D.Robotshaveanadvantageoverhumanworkersintheconstruction.14.WhatisNikTheodore’sattitudetowardstherobots?A.Objective. B.Critical.C.Promising. D.Subjective.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thepopularityoftherobots.B.Thedevelopmentoftherobotsintheindustry.C.Theapplicationofrobotsinbuildinghouses.D.Theriseoftheconstructionindustry.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了在建筑行業(yè)引入機器人的現(xiàn)狀、好處及可能引起的問題。【12題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theyarehopingtoautomateacomplicatedfieldinvolvingmovingpartsandvastlydifferentsitesandbuildings.(他們希望在一個涉及移動部件和截然不同的場地和建筑物的復雜領域實現(xiàn)自動化)”可知，初創(chuàng)企業(yè)大力投資建筑領域是為了實現(xiàn)該領域的自動化。故選D。【13題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Thehome-buildingindustryhasbeenslower,becausemuchofthetasksrequirefinemotorcontrol,whichrobotshavehadahardertimedoing.(住宅建筑業(yè)發(fā)展較慢，因為許多任務需要精細的運動控制，而這對機器人來說更難)”可推知，住宅建筑業(yè)需要人類工人的參與。故選B?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“NikTheodore,thedirectoroftheCenterforUrbanEconomicDevelopmentattheUniversityofIllinoisinChicago,saidtherobotscouldholdpromiseiftheycanautomatetheofteninjury-sufferinganddeadlytasksconstructionworkershave“inaverydangerousindustrywithlargenumbersofdeaths.”Buttheconcern,hesaid,is“thetemptation(誘惑)”forautomationtospeedupjobtasksandincreaseworkerexhaustion,leadingtoasituationwhereburnoutandinjuriesoccurmore,notless.(芝加哥伊利諾伊大學城市經(jīng)濟發(fā)展中心主任尼克·西奧多表示，如果機器人能夠將建筑工人在“一個死亡人數(shù)眾多的非常危險的行業(yè)”中經(jīng)常受傷和致命的任務自動化，那么機器人就會帶來希望。但他表示，令人擔憂的是，自動化“很容易”加速工作任務，增加工人的疲勞，導致精疲力竭和受傷的情況發(fā)生得更多，而不是更少)”可知，尼克·西奧多對于機器人的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選A?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Robotsthatcanlaybricks,putupdrywallandtierebar(鋼筋)areengaginginatatimewhentheconstructionindustryisinmajortransformation.(在建筑行業(yè)發(fā)生重大變革的時候，可以砌磚、貼干墻和綁鋼筋的機器人正在參與進來)”并結合下文可知，文章主要介紹了機器人在房屋建造中的應用。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Psychologistshavedefinednostalgia(懷舊)asaself-conscious,socialemotion,bittersweetbutprimarilypositive.____16____.Oftennostalgiainvolvessensorystimuli.Forexample,thesmellofautumnleavesmightarouseanintenselongingforyourchildhoodhome.____17____.Itinvolvesmanypartsofthebrain,includingsomethatareinvolvedinself-reflection,autobiographicalmemory,emotionalregulations,andrewardprocessing.Nostalgiawasoriginallyviewedasanemotionaldiseasewhenitwasfirstdefinedinthelate17thcentury.And,crucially,itoftenoccurswhenpeopleareexperiencingnegativemoodsorhavingbadexperiences.____18____,asresearchersfoundin2008.Anotherisbadweather.However,despiteitsassociationwithnegativeemotions,nostalgiadoesnotcauseorworsenunhappiness.____19____,onethatbringsrelieffromanegativemood.PsychologistswritingintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyin2006foundthatarousingnostalgiainexperimentsstrengthenedpeople’ssocialbonds,andboostedtheirpositivefeelingsaboutthemselves.Scholarsaren’tsureexactlywhynostalgiaworks;somehavespeculatedthatreminiscing(追憶)abouthappymemoriesaffirms“valuedaspectsoftheself”insituationswhenwemightotherwisefeellonelyorunworthy.Nomatterhownostalgiaworks,thesciencetodatefindsmorethanenoughevidencetoconcludethatitisgoodforus.____20____,sowe’rebetterpreparedtocopewithbadmoodswhentheyarise.A.Rather,nostalgiaisadefenseresponsetounhappinessB.AlmosteveryoneexperiencesnostalgiaC.Givenitsbenefits,wecouldallgainfromcultivatingitconsciouslyD.ItdevelopsoutofhappymemoriesmixedwithadesiredforthepastE.NeuroscientistshavefoundthatitisacomplexcognitivephenomenonF.NostalgiaisofgreatsignificancetomentalhealthG.Lonelinesscanbeatrigger【答案】16.D17.E18.G19.A20.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了懷舊的定義、普遍體驗、歷史看法、積極作用及原因，指出懷舊是對不幸的一種防御反應，能帶來情感慰藉，幫助人們度過困難時期?！?6題詳析】前文“Psychologistshavedefinednostalgia(懷舊)asaself-conscious,socialemotion,bittersweetbutprimarilypositive.(心理學家將懷舊定義為一種自我意識的社會情感，苦樂參半，但主要是積極的)”對懷舊進行了定義，說明懷舊是一種苦樂參半但主要是積極的自我意識的社會情感?？仗幮枰薪討雅f的定義，進一步說明懷舊的特點或來源。D項“懷舊源于快樂的記憶與對過去的渴望”進一步說明懷舊的性質,與前文的定義緊密相連。故選D?！?7題詳析】前文“Oftennostalgiainvolvessensorystimuli.Forexample,thesmellofautumnleavesmightarouseanintenselongingforyourchildhoodhome.(懷舊常常涉及感官刺激。例如，秋天落葉的氣味可能會喚起你對童年家的強烈思念)”提到懷舊常常涉及感官刺激，結合后文“Itinvolvesmanypartsofthebrain,includingsomethatareinvolvedinself-reflection,autobiographicalmemory,emotionalregulations,andrewardprocessing.(它涉及大腦的許多部分，包括那些參與自我反思、自傳體記憶、情緒調節(jié)和獎勵處理的部分)”推斷，E項“神經(jīng)科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)，懷舊是一種復雜的認知現(xiàn)象”符合語境，進一步說明懷舊的機制。與后文提到的“涉及大腦的多個部分”相呼應。故選E?！?8題詳析】前文“And,crucially,itoftenoccurswhenpeopleareexperiencingnegativemoodsorhavingbadexperiences.(而且，至關重要的是，當人們處于負面情緒或經(jīng)歷不良體驗時，懷舊常常會發(fā)生)”提到懷舊通常發(fā)生在人們經(jīng)歷負面情緒或不良體驗時，說明懷舊出現(xiàn)的時機。空處需要列舉觸發(fā)懷舊的具體情境，G項“孤獨可以觸發(fā)懷舊”符合語境，說明具體的觸發(fā)因素。與前文提到的“負面情緒或不良體驗”相關，提供了具體的例子。故選G。【19題詳析】前文“However,despiteitsassociationwithnegativeemotions,nostalgiadoesnotcauseorworsenunhappiness.(然而，盡管懷舊與負面情緒有關，但它并不會導致或加劇不快樂)”提到懷舊不會導致或加劇不快樂，結合后文的介紹“onethatbringsrelieffromanegativemood(一種能緩解負面情緒的反應)”可知，空處需要承接懷舊對情緒的實際作用，A項“相反，懷舊是一種對不快樂的防御反應”進一步說明懷舊的作用，懷舊是一種對不快樂的防御反應，與前文提到的“不會導致或加劇不快樂”相呼應。故選A?！?0題詳析】前文“Nomatterhownostalgiaworks,thesciencetodatefindsmorethanenoughevidencetoconcludethatitisgoodforus.(不管懷舊是如何起作用的，迄今為止的科學研究已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了足夠多的證據(jù)來證明懷舊對我們有好處)”提到懷舊對我們的益處，結合后文“sowe’rebetterpreparedtocopewithbadmoodswhentheyarise.(因此我們就能更好地應對情緒低落時的困境)”可推斷，空處需要承接前文，提出基于這些好處的建議或結論，C項“鑒于其益處，我們都可以通過有意識地培養(yǎng)懷舊情緒而獲益”承接前文懷舊有益的內容，給出了相應的建議，符合語境。故選C。第三部分語言應用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ItwasNewYear’sNight.Anagedmanwasstandingatawindow.Hehadbroughtfromhisjourneynothingbuterrorsand____21____.Thedaysofhisyouthappearedlikedreamsbeforehim,andhe____22____theseriousmomentwhenhisfatherplacedhimatthe____23____ofthetworoads—oneleadingtoapeaceful,sunnyplace,coveredwithflowers;theotherleadingtoadeep,darkcave,whichwas____24____.Helookedtowardstheskyandcried____25____,“Oyouth,return!Omyfather,placemeoncemoreattheentrancetolife,andI’llchoosethebetterway!”Butbothhisfatherandthedaysofhis____26____hadpassedaway.Theclockinthehighchurchtower____27____andthesoundmadehimrememberhisparents’earlyloveforhim.Theyhadtaughthimand____28____toGodforhisgood.Buthechosethewrongway.His____29____eyeswerefulloftears,andwitha_____30_____effort,he_____31_____outacry:“Comeback,myearlydays!Comeback!”Andhisyouthdid_____32_____,forallthiswasonlyadreamwhichhehadonNewYear’sNight.Thosewhostill_____33_____theentranceoflife,_____34_____tochoosethebrightroad,rememberthatwhenyearsarepassedandyourfeetstumbleonthedarkmountains,youwillcrybitterly,but_____35_____.21.A.determination B.regret C.power D.satisfaction22.A.recalled B.chose C.struggled D.expected23.A.end B.middle C.side D.entrance24.A.bright B.visible C.endless D.available25.A.painfully B.worriedly C.cautiously D.cheerfully26.A.hope B.bitterness C.honor D.youth27.A.knocked B.struck C.beat D.disappeared28.A.whispered B.prayed C.smiled D.explained29.A.brightened B.deepened C.widened D.darkened30.A.promising B.outstanding C.despairing D.satisfying31.A.burst B.gave C.carried D.dropped32.A.ignore B.guide C.return D.prove33.A.submitto B.breakthrough C.contributeto D.lingeron34.A.hesitating B.deciding C.approaching D.approving35.A.givein B.breakdown C.invain D.incase【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.A26.D27.B28.B29.D30.C31.A32.C33.D34.A35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過記敘一個年輕人在新年之夜做夢夢到自己晚年生活，非常后悔自己在年輕時沒有聽從父親的勸告，走正確的人生道路。以此文章來告誡猶豫不決的年輕人要選擇正確的道路。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他從人生旅程中帶回的只有錯誤和遺憾。A.determination決心；B.regret遺憾；C.power權利，勢力；D.satisfaction滿足。and連接并列成分，由error可知，regret符合語境。下文“placemeoncemoreattheentrancetolife,andI’llchoosethebetterway”可知，老人想要重新選擇更好的道路，說明他對自己之前的選擇感到遺憾。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他青春的日子如夢在他面前顯現(xiàn)，他回憶起父親把他放在兩條路的入口時的嚴肅時刻——一條通向一個和平、陽光明媚、開滿鮮花的地方；另一條則通向一個深邃、黑暗的洞穴，那是無盡的。A.recalled回憶；B.chose選擇；C.struggled掙扎；D.expected期待。根據(jù)上文“Thedaysofhisyouthappearedlikedreamsbeforehim(他的青春歲月在他面前像做夢一樣出現(xiàn))”可知，此處指他回憶起了過去的事情。故選A。【23題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.end結束，末尾；B.middle中間；C.side一邊；D.entrance入口。根據(jù)下文“oneleadingtoapeaceful,sunnyplace,coveredwithflowers;theotherleadingtoadeep,darkcave,whichwas_______.”以及“placemeoncemoreattheentrancetolife”可知，此處指兩條路的入口。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.bright明亮的；B.visible可見的；C.endless無盡的；D.available可用的。根據(jù)上文“adeep,darkcave”可知，洞穴黑暗沒有盡頭。故選C。【25題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他望著天空，痛苦地喊道：“哦，青春，回來！哦，我的父親，再把我放在生命的入口處，我會選擇更好的道路！”A.painfully痛苦地；B.worriedly擔心地；C.cautiously謹慎地；D.cheerfully愉快地。根據(jù)下文“I’llchoosethebetterway!”可知，老人后悔沒有選擇更好的路，可推理出此刻他很痛苦。故選A。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是他的父親和他的青春歲月都已經(jīng)過去了。A.hope希望；B.bitterness苦澀；C.honor榮譽；D.youth青春。根據(jù)上文“Oyouth,return!”以及下文“hedarednolongerlooktowardsthatheavenwherehisfatherlived”可知，此處講述他的青春歲月和父親都已經(jīng)逝去了。故選D?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：教堂高塔上的大鐘敲響了，聲音使他想起了父母早年對他的愛。A.knocked敲(門等)；B.struck(鐘)敲響；C.beat(心臟等)跳動，擊打；D.disappeared消失。根據(jù)句子主語“Theclock”以及下文“thesoundmadehimrememberhisparents’earlyloveforhim”可知，這里描述的是大鐘敲響的情景。故選B。【28題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們教導他，為他的好而向上帝祈禱。A.whispered低語；B.prayed祈禱；C.smiled微笑；D.explained解釋。根據(jù)下文“toGodforhisgood”可知，他的父母為他好而向上帝祈禱。故選B?！?9題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他黯淡的雙眼噙滿了淚水，在絕望中，他嘶聲高喊：“回來吧，我那逝去的年華！”A.brightened變亮的；B.deepened加深的；C.widened擴大的；D.darkened變黑的，黯淡的。根據(jù)下文“werefulloftears”并結合語境可知，老人后悔選錯路，此時他的眼睛應是黯淡無光、充滿悔恨的。故選D?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.promising有希望的；B.outstanding杰出的；C.despairing絕望的；D.satisfying令人滿意的。根據(jù)上文“Oyouth,return!Omyfather,placemeoncemoreattheentrancetolife,andI’llchoosethebetterway!”可知，老人后悔自己的選擇，知道青春和機會都已不再，此時是絕望的。故選C?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.burst突然發(fā)出，爆發(fā)；B.gave給；C.carried攜帶；D.dropped丟下。根據(jù)下文“Comeback,myearlydays!Comeback!”可知，老人突然大喊一聲，希望青春歲月回來。故選A。【32題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他的青春真的回來了，因為這一切只是一個夢，他在新年之夜做的夢。A.ignore忽視；B.guide引導；C.return返回；D.prove證明。根據(jù)下文“forallthiswasonlyadream”可知，這僅僅是一個夢，他依然年輕，可推理此處說的是他的青春確實回來了。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：那些仍在人生的十字路口徘徊，猶豫不決是否要選擇光明之路的人，請記?。寒敋q月流逝，你在黑暗的困境中步履蹣跚時，你會悲痛欲絕地哭泣，然而一切都已徒勞。A.submitto屈服于；B.breakthrough突破；C.contributeto貢獻于；D.lingeron徘徊。結合下文“theentranceoflife”可知，這里是指仍在人生路口徘徊，猶豫選擇哪條路的人們。故選D。【34題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.hesitating猶豫；B.deciding決定；C.approaching接近；D.approving批準。結合上文講述以及“tochoosethebrightroad”可知，是指仍在人生路口徘徊，還在猶豫選擇哪條路。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查動詞和介詞短語辨析。句意：同上。A.givein屈服；B.breakdown崩潰；C.invain徒勞；D.incase以防。根據(jù)上文“rememberthatwhenyearsarepassedandyourfeetstumbleonthedarkmountains,youwillcrybitterly”可知，此處講述青春逝去不會再回來，所以痛苦地呼喊也只是徒勞的。故選C。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。MabianDafengdingNatureReserveislocatedinMabianYiAutonomousCounty,____36____isabout400kilometersawayfromChengdu,SichuaProvince.ThegeographicallocationofMabianDafengdingNatureReservecontributesto____37____(it)breathtakingbeautyandeco