2025年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試考前點(diǎn)題卷二

2025年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試考前點(diǎn)題卷二[問(wèn)答題]1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaye（江南博哥）n,titledTheInfluenceofArtificialIntelligenceinEducation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan,200words.正確答案：(1)Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnol-ogy,artificialintelligence(AI)hasbeenappliedinmanyareasofourlives,(2)fromonlinepaymenttoagricul-ture.Butwhatisitsimpactoneducation,andwillitbehelpfulineducation?(3)Inreality,AIenhanceseducationinmanyways.(4)HerearesomeofthebenefitsofAIineduca-tion.Firstofall,itprovidestoolsfordevelopingamoreac-curateanddetailedpictureofhowthestudents'mindworks,andadaptstoeachstudent's(5)individuallearn-ingneedsthatwillformtargetinstructionsbasedontheirstrengthsandweaknessesinordertoimprovetheirstudies.Secondly,AIcandriveefficiencyand(6)streamlinead-ministrativetaskstoallowteachersthetimeandfreedomtoprovidewithbettereducationalpractices.Fromthereasonsmentionedabove,wecoulddrawtheconclusionthatAIwillbeanintegralpartinpromot-ingtheadvancementofeducation.參考解析：(1)Withthedevelopmentof意為“隨著……的發(fā)展”。(2)表示人工智能廣泛的應(yīng)用范圍，可以使用丘om…to…。(3)Inreality意為“實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上”。(4)Herearesomeof...用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明。(5)individuallearningneeds意為“個(gè)性化學(xué)習(xí)需求”。(6)streamlineadministrativetasks意為“簡(jiǎn)化管理任務(wù)”。[問(wèn)答題]2.中國(guó)的官方語(yǔ)言普通話(Mandarin)在美國(guó)的學(xué)校中突然熱起來(lái)。由于中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)在21世紀(jì)的快速發(fā)展，美國(guó)的公立和私立學(xué)校紛紛在外語(yǔ)課程中加入漢語(yǔ)這一科目，或?qū)⒁延械臐h語(yǔ)教學(xué)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在美國(guó)的學(xué)校中，有5萬(wàn)名孩子在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)。但推動(dòng)漢語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目的發(fā)展不是沒(méi)有遇到困難。由于缺乏受過(guò)專業(yè)訓(xùn)練、持有證書(shū)的教師，一些學(xué)校很難加入漢語(yǔ)教學(xué)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。當(dāng)學(xué)校聘用教師時(shí)，它們通常直接從中國(guó)招聘，這種方式為文化沖突埋下了隱患。正確答案：Mandarin,theofficiallanguageofChina,issuddenlyhotinAmericanschools.WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina'seconomyinthe21stcentury,bothpublicandprivateschoolsinAmerica(1)arescramblingtoaddMandarintotheir(2)curriculaofforeignlanguagesorexpandingChineselanguageprogramsalready(3)inplace.Bysomeestimates,asmanyas50,000childrennationwidearetakingMandarininAmericanschools.ButtodevelopChineselanguageprogramshasmetsomedifficulties.(4)Ashortageofprofessionallytrainedteacherswithcertificateshasmadeitdifficultforsomeschoolstojointhecompetition.Whenschoolsneedtoemployteachers,theyoftenrecruitsomefromChinadirectly,whichisahiddentroublefor(5)cultureclash.參考解析：(1)“紛紛”即“爭(zhēng)先恐后地做某事”，所以可譯為scrambletodosth.。(2)“課程”可譯為curriculum。(3)“已有的”可譯為inplace。(4)“缺乏”可譯為ashortageof。(5)“文化沖突”可譯為cultureclash。共享題干題Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Usingacomputerorsmartphoneatnightcancauseustopileonthepounds,newresearchhasrevealed.Thestudyfoundalinkbetweenbluelightexposure—bluelightis____1____bysmartphonesandtablets—andincreasedhunger.Itfoundthatexposuretothelightincreaseshungerlevelsforseveralhoursandevenincreaseshungerlevelsaftereatingameal.ResultsoftheUSstudyshowthatblue-enrichedlightexposure,comparedwith____2____lightexposure,was____3____withanincreaseinhungerthatbegan15minutesafterlightonsetandwasstillpresentalmosttwohoursafterthemeal.Bluelightexposurehasalsoalreadybeenshowntodecreased____4____intheeveningincreasingtheriskofinsomnia.Studyco-authorIvyCheung,ofNorthwesternUniversity,inChicago,said:“Asinglethree-hourexposuretoblue-enrichedlightintheevening____5____impactedhungerandglucosemetabolism.”“Theseresultsareimportantbecausetheysuggestthatmanipulatingenvironmentallightexposureforhumansmayrepresentanovel____6____ofinfluencingfoodintakepatternsandmetabolism.”Thestudygroup____7____10healthyadultswithregularsleepandeatingscheduleswhoreceived_____8___carbohydrate-richmeals.Theycompletedafour-daytrialunderdimlightconditions,whichinvolvedexposuretolessthan20luxduring16hours____9____andlessthanthreeluxduringeighthoursofsleep.Ondaythreetheywereexposedtothreehoursof260lux,blue-enrichedlightstarting10.5hoursafterwakingup,andtheeffectswerecomparedwithdimlightexposureondaytwo.MsCheungsaidmoreresearchisneededtodeterminethe____10____ofactioninvolvedintherelationshipbetweenlightexposure,hungerandmetabolism.[單選題]1.空白處1應(yīng)填?A.exposureB.awakeC.associatedD.emittedE.relatedF.acutelyGcomprisedHsleepinessIagenciesJsignificantKapproachLidenticalMdimNmechanismsOslightly正確答案：D參考解析：emitted的意思是“發(fā)出，散發(fā)（光、熱、聲音等）”，結(jié)合上下文可知，藍(lán)光是智能手機(jī)和平板電腦發(fā)出的光線。故本題選D。[單選題]2.空白處2應(yīng)填?A.exposureB.awakeC.associatedD.emittedE.relatedF.acutelyGcomprisedHsleepinessIagenciesJsignificantKapproachLidenticalMdimNmechanismsOslightly正確答案：M參考解析：dim的意思是“暗淡的，昏暗的”，根據(jù)常識(shí)可以推斷，與明亮光線相對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是昏暗的光線。故本題選M。[單選題]3.空白處3應(yīng)填?A.exposureB.awakeC.associatedD.emittedE.relatedF.acutelyGcomprisedHsleepinessIagenciesJsignificantKapproachLidenticalMdimNmechanismsOslightly正確答案：C參考解析：associatedwith的意思是“與……有關(guān)系”。根據(jù)前文可知，藍(lán)光照射可以增加饑餓感，表明藍(lán)光照射與饑餓感之間是有關(guān)系的。故本題選C。[單選題]4.空白處4應(yīng)填?A.exposureB.awakeC.associatedD.emittedE.relatedF.acutelyGcomprisedHsleepinessIagenciesJsignificantKapproachLidenticalMdimNmechanismsOslightly正確答案：H參考解析：sleepiness的意思是“睡意，瞌睡”，結(jié)合上下文可知，失眠意味著睡不著，因此跟在decreased后面的應(yīng)該是表示“睡覺(jué)，睡意”之意的詞。故本題選H。[單選題]5.空白處5應(yīng)填?A.exposureB.awakeC.associatedD.emittedE.relatedF.acutelyGcomprisedHsleepinessIagenciesJsignificantKapproachLidenticalMdimNmechanismsOslightly正確答案：F參考解析：acutely的意思是“深深地，極其”，下文指出這一發(fā)現(xiàn)意義重大，由此推斷出應(yīng)該是有著重大的影響。故本題選F。[單選題]6.空白處6應(yīng)填?A.exposureB.awakeC.associatedD.emittedE.relatedF.acutelyGcomprisedHsleepinessIagenciesJsignificantKapproachLidenticalMdimNmechanismsOslightly正確答案：K參考解析：approach的意思是“方法，途徑”，與of連用。結(jié)合上文可知，此處大意為控制人體周圍環(huán)境的光線照射或許是一種新的方法。故本題選K。[單選題]7.空白處7應(yīng)填?A.exposureB.awakeC.associatedD.emittedE.relatedF.acutelyGcomprisedHsleepinessIagenciesJsignificantKapproachLidenticalMdimNmechanismsOslightly正確答案：G參考解析：comprised的意思是“包括，包含，由……組成”，根據(jù)文意，此處應(yīng)指研究小組包括10名健康的成年人。故本題選G。[單選題]8.空白處8應(yīng)填?A.exposureB.awakeC.associatedD.emittedE.relatedF.acutelyGcomprisedHsleepinessIagenciesJsignificantKapproachLidenticalMdimNmechanismsOslightly正確答案：L參考解析：identical的意思是“同一的，完全相同的”，根據(jù)文意，這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)是10個(gè)研究對(duì)象每日攝入完全相同的高碳水化合物食物。故本題選L。[單選題]9.空白處9應(yīng)填?A.exposureB.awakeC.associatedD.emittedE.relatedF.acutelyGcomprisedHsleepinessIagenciesJsignificantKapproachLidenticalMdimNmechanismsOslightly正確答案：B參考解析：awake的意思是“醒著的，警惕的”，根據(jù)文意可知，and前后內(nèi)容應(yīng)該形成對(duì)比，即空格處與后文的sleep形成對(duì)比，所以“在每日16小時(shí)的清醒狀態(tài)下接受低于20勒克斯的光照”。故本題選B。[單選題]10.空白處10應(yīng)填A(yù).exposureB.awakeC.associatedD.emittedE.relatedF.acutelyGcomprisedHsleepinessIagenciesJsignificantKapproachLidenticalMdimNmechanismsOslightly正確答案：N參考解析：mechanisms的意思是“機(jī)制，機(jī)能”，此處指光線照射、饑餓感和新陳代謝三者之間的“作用機(jī)制”。故本題選N。參考譯文最新的研究表明，在夜晚使用電腦或者智能手機(jī)可能會(huì)讓我們的體重增加好幾磅。這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)接觸智能手機(jī)和平板電腦發(fā)出的藍(lán)光會(huì)增加饑餓感。并且，被此光線照射會(huì)增加數(shù)小時(shí)的饑餓感，甚至是剛剛吃過(guò)飯的人，饑餓感也會(huì)增加。這項(xiàng)來(lái)自美國(guó)的研究結(jié)果顯示，相對(duì)于昏暗的光線輻射來(lái)說(shuō)，在被明亮藍(lán)色光線照射15分鐘后，饑餓感便會(huì)開(kāi)始增加。這種饑餓感在飯后近兩小時(shí)內(nèi)都會(huì)存在。同時(shí)，藍(lán)光照射已被證實(shí)會(huì)減少夜間的困意，從而增加患失眠癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。研究者之一，來(lái)自芝加哥西北大學(xué)的張艾薇稱：“夜晚被明亮藍(lán)光照射三個(gè)小時(shí)，會(huì)對(duì)饑餓感和葡萄糖代謝有著極大的影響?！薄霸撗芯恐砸饬x重大，是因?yàn)槠浣Y(jié)果表明，控制人體周圍環(huán)境的光線照射或許是一種可左右飲食攝入方式和新陳代謝的新方法。”實(shí)驗(yàn)的研究對(duì)象是10位有著規(guī)律睡眠和飲食時(shí)間的健康成年人。在研究期間，研究對(duì)象每日攝入完全相同的高碳水化合物食物。他們?cè)诨璋倒饩€環(huán)境下完成了一個(gè)為期四天的實(shí)驗(yàn)：在每日16小時(shí)的清醒狀態(tài)下接受低于20勒克斯的光照，而在8小時(shí)的睡眠期間接受低于3勒克斯的光照。第三天，研究對(duì)象在起床10.5小時(shí)后的3小時(shí)內(nèi)受到了260勒克斯的明亮藍(lán)光照射，然后將其實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)第二天用昏暗光線照射的結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。張女士表示，光線照射、饑餓感和新陳代謝三者之間的作用機(jī)制仍然需要進(jìn)一步的研究證明。AClassApart(A)HousedinajumbleofancientbuildingsintheshadowofWestminsterAbbey,WestminsterSchoolhasbeeneducatingboyssinceitwasfoundedin1560byQueenElizabethItoprovidelessonsfor40poorscholars.Ithasevolvedsincethen—its750pupilsnowincludesomegirls,andwithfeesof￡39,252ayearforboardersand￡27,174fordaypupils,poorscholarsarethinontheground—butfornearlyhalfamillennium,thesehistoricalpremisesdefineditsgeographicallimits.(B)Thatisabouttochange.Aground-breakingceremonyonApril9thmarkedthestartofthecon-structionofWestminsterChengdu,thefirststageinaventurewithalocalpartner,HongKongMelodiousEducationTechnologyGroup.TheschoolisduetoopeninSeptember2020andwillhave2,500pupilsfromtheagesof3to18.ItwillbefollowedbyafurtherfiveestablishmentsofasimilarsizeinotherChinesecitiesoverthenexttenyears,bytheendofwhichWestminsterwillbeeducating20timesasmanychildreninChinaasintheheartofLondon.(C)AsliceoftheChineseoperation'sincomewillflowbacktothemothership,enablingWestmin-stertoincreasetheshareofpupilsonbursariesinBritainfromaround5%to20%.“Itwillgiveusarevenuestreamthatwillallowustogobacktoourroots,”saysRodneyHarris,deputyhead-masterinLondon,whoismovingtoChengduinSeptembertotakethetopjobthere.Byextend-ingitsmodeltoChina,theschoolthushopestomitigatetheinequalitytowhichitcontributesinBritain.(D)Educationusedtobeprovidedbyentrepreneursandreligiousorganizations,butstartinginPrus-siainthe18thcentury,governmentsbegantotakeover.Inmorerecentyearsthestatehasdomi-natededucationintherichworld,withtheprivatesectorrestrictedtotheeliteandthepious.Inthedevelopingworld,too,newstatescreatedfromcrumblingempireswerekeentoprovide(andcontrol)education,bothtorespondtotheirpeople'sambitionsandtoshapethemindsofthenextgeneration.(E)Butnowtheprivatesectorisenjoyingaresurgence.Enrolmentinprivateschoolshasrisenglob-allyoverthepast15years,from10-17%atprimarylevelandfrom19-27%atsecondarylevel;theincreasesarehappeningnotsomuchintherichworldasinlow-andmiddle-incomecoun-tries.Peoplearepouringmoneyintoschooling,tuitionandhighereducation(seechart).(F)Fourfactorsaredrivingtheincrease.First,incomesarerising,especiallyamongthebetter-off.Sincebirthratesarefalling,theamountofmoneyavailableforeachchildisrisingevenfasterthanincomes.InChinatheone-childpolicyhasmeantthatinmanyfamiliessixpeople(fourgrandparentsandtwoparents)arepreparedtoinvestintheeducationofasinglechild.(G)Second,thankstotherelativedeclineandincreasingcapitalintensityofmanufacturing,jobop-portunitiesforthelesswell-educatedareshrinking.Evengoodfactoryjobsrequirequalifica-tions.Thereturnstoeducationhaverisendespitetheriseinthesupplyofwell-educatedpeople.Indevelopingcountries,whichhavefewerofthem,thereturnsarehigherthanintherichworld,makingitevenmoreimportantforyoungpeopletheretogotoschool.(H)Third,theoutputofeducationalsoprovidessomeoftheinput:themorechildrenthatareeducat-ed,themoreteacherswillbeavailabletobringonthenextlot.Thisisespeciallytrueincountriesinwhichjobopportunitiesforwomenarelimited:lotsofeducatedwomentranslateintoareadysupplyofcheapteachers.(I)Fourth,technologyiscreatingademandfornewskillswhichtheprivatesectorseemsbetteratproviding.ItisalsoopeningupnewmarketsastheIntemetenablespeopletogeteducatedindif-ferentwaysandatdifferenttimesintheirlives.(J)Thedividinglinebetweenprivateandpublicisoftenunclear—manycountrieshavegovernmentschoolsthatarepartlyprivatelyfinanced,forinstance,andprivateschoolsthatarepubliclyfi-nanced—andthesizeandgrowthoftheprivatesectorvariesfromcountrytocountry.Broadly,themoredevelopedthecountry,thesmallertheprivatesector'sroletendstobe.InHaitiabout80%ofprimary-schoolpupilsarebeingeducatedprivately;inGermany,just5%.InmainlandEurope,thequalityofstateeducationisgenerallyhigh,sotheprivatesectortendstoplayasmallishrole—thoughtherearewrinkles.Forexample,ahistoryofreligiousdivisionsintheNetherlandshasmeantthatthree-quartersofpupilsgotoprivateschools,thegreatmajorityofthempubliclyfinanced;inSweden,10%do.InAmericaandBritainthequalityofgovernmentschoolsisvariable,whichexplainssizeableeliteprivatesectorsandagrowingnumberofpri-vatelymanaged,publiclyfundedschools—“charters”inAmerica,“academies”inBritain.Inthetertiarysector,privateinstitutionshaveabigroleinAmerica,bothatthetopandthebottomofthemarket;inBritain,thetertiarysectorisnowlargelyprivatelyfinanced.(K)InLatinAmericatheCatholicchurch'sbigroleinschooling,thelowqualityofstateprovisionandtherapidgrowthindemandfortertiaryeducationhaveallcontributedtoabigrolefortheprivatesector.InmuchofSouthAsiaandAfrica,poverty,migrationandpopulationgrowthmakeithardforgovernmentstoprovideschoolinginmanycities,sotheprivatesectorisbig,andgrowingfast.Theeliteshavealreadyleftthepublicsystems,andmanymiddle-classandpoorerpeoplearefollowing.(L)LikeEurope,SouthandEastAsiahasgenerousandmostlygoodstateprovision,butunlikeEu-ropetheyalsohasafast-growingprivatesector.Vietnamhasboththebeststate-schoolsysteminalow-incomecountryandprobablytheworld'sfastest-growingprivate-schoolsector.Themar-ketcapitalizationofChineseeducationcompanies,biggerthanthoseofanyothercountry,sug-geststhatinvestorsseeitasagoldenopportunity.(M)TheChinesestateisclampingdownontheprivatesector'srolebetweentheagesof6and16,butthereisstillroomforgrowth.Ifthechildgoestoaprivatenurseryandaprivateuniversity,andreceivestwohoursofprivatetuitiononeachschooldayandeightattheweekends,withasummermathscampthrownin-afairlystandardroutineforachildofChineseprofessionalsheorshewillspendasmuchtimeintheprivateasinthestatesector.(N)Allofthismakeseducationattractivetoinvestors,saysAshwinAssomullofL.E.K.Consulting.Demandisgrowingfasterthanincomesandholdsupwellineconomicdownturns.Technologyiscreatingnewmarkets.Schoolingisfragmented,buttherearelargeandgrowingchains,suchasGEMSEducation,aDubai-basedcompanywith47schoolsmostlyintheMiddleEast;Cognita,aBritishcompanywith73schoolsineightcountries;andBeaconhouseSchoolSystems,aPak-istanicompanywith200schoolsinsevencountries.(O)Themaindownsideisthesector'spoliticalsensitivity.Privateinvestmentineducationmakesgovernmentsuncomfortablebecauseitpitsaprivategoodagainstasocialone.Governments,likeparents,wantchildrentolearn,buttheyalsowanttomaximisesocialmobilityandminimisein-equality,whereasparentssimplywanttoensurethattheirchildrendobetterthananyoneelse's.(P)Theseobjectivesinevitablyconflict,sogovernmentsregulateandrestricttheprivatesector,con-trollingwhatistaught,banningprofits,outlawingselection,cuttingfeesandgenerallymakingthebusinessunattractivetoinvestors.Yettheyneedit,too,sotheyworkwithit,channellingitsskills,inventivenessandcapitalandpouringtaxpayers'moneyintoit.[單選題]11.Privateeducationdevelopsatdissimilarspeedsindifferentcountriesandplaysdifferentroles.Ingeneral,thedevelopmentscaleofprivateeducationisinverselyproportionaltothedevelopmentdegreeofthecountry.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)PP)正確答案：J參考解析：此句意為“私立教育在不同國(guó)家的發(fā)展速度不同，發(fā)揮的作用也不同。大體來(lái)看，私立教育的發(fā)展規(guī)模與國(guó)家的發(fā)展程度成反比”。其中，Privateeducationdevelopsatdissimilarspeedsindifferentcountries與J段第一句最后半句thesizeandgrowthoftheprivatesectorvariesfromcountrytocountry意思相近，IngeneraLthedevelopmentscaleofprivateeducationisinverselyproportionaltothedevelopmentdegreeofthecountry與Broadly,themoredevelopedthecountry，thesmallertheprivatesector'sroletendstobe意思相近。故本題選J。[單選題]12.WestminsterSchoolcouldbebenefitedbyitsschoolinChina'sChengdu,foritsdevelopmentishelpfultoalleviatetheinequalitiesithasfueledintheUK.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)PP)正確答案：C參考解析：此句意為“威斯敏斯特公學(xué)可以從中國(guó)成都分校中獲利，因?yàn)槌啥挤中５慕⒂兄跍p少它在英國(guó)引發(fā)的不平等現(xiàn)象”。其中，itsdevelopmentinChina與C段最后一句中extendingitsmodeltoChina意思相近，helpfultoalleviatetheinequalitiesithasfueledintheUK與hopestomitigatetheinequalitytowhichitcon-tributesinBritain意思相同。故本題選C。[單選題]13.PrivateeducationisrapidlydevelopingandexpandinginLatinAmerica,SouthAsiaandAfrica,resultingfrompoor-qualityeducationprovidedbygovernmentandthegreatdemandforhighereducationinLatinAmerica,andtheabsenceofpubliceducationinsomeareasofSouthAsiaandAfrica.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)PP)正確答案：K參考解析：此句意為“在拉丁美洲、南亞和非洲地區(qū)，拉丁美洲政府提供的教育質(zhì)量低下，對(duì)高等教育的需求增加，南亞和非洲某些地區(qū)缺乏公立教育，因此私立教育發(fā)展迅速”。其中，rapidlydevelopingandexpanding與K段第一句abigrole和第二句的isbig，andgrowingfast的意義相近，poor-qualityeducationprovidedbygovemmentandthegreatdemandforhighereducation與thelowqualityofstateprovisionandtherapidgrowthindemandfortertiaryeducation意思相近，theabsenceofpubliceducationillsomeareas與hardforgovemmentstoprovideschoolinginmanycities意思相近。且題干有關(guān)鍵詞LatinAmerica,SouthAsiaandAfrica。故本題選K。[單選題]14.TheWestminsterSchoolinitiallytaughtfor40poorstudents.Ithasbeenaboys'schoolforalongtime,butlaterexperienceddevelopment,sosomegirlsareenrollednow.?A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)PP)正確答案：A參考解析：此句意為“威斯敏斯特公學(xué)最初教授40名貧困學(xué)生，很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)是男子學(xué)校，但后來(lái)不斷發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在也有一些女孩入學(xué)”。其中taughtfor40poorstudents與A段第一句中toprovidelessonsfor40poorscholars為同義替換’hasbeenaboys'schoolforalongtime與該段的hasbeeneducatingboyssinceitwasfounded意義相近，laterexperienceddevelopment與該段的evolvedsincethen為同義替換，somegirlsareen-rolled與該段的includesomegirls為同義替換。故本題選A。[單選題]15.DifferentfromEurope,althoughEastAsiaareaisalsoequippedwithgenerallyqualitypubliced-ucation,itisstillexperiencingtheacceleratingadvancementinprivatesectors.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)PP)正確答案：L參考解析：此句意為“與歐洲不同的是，雖然東亞地區(qū)也配備了整體優(yōu)質(zhì)的公立教育，但該地區(qū)的私立教育仍在快速發(fā)展”。由EastAsia可定位到L段。differentfrom是L段第一句unlike的同義替換，equippedwithgenerallyqualitypubliceducation與hasgenerousandmostlygoodstateprovision意義相近，theacceleratingad-vancementinprivatesectors與該段的fast-growingprivatesector意思相近。故本題選L。[單選題]16.ThefirstconstructionofWestminsterSchoolinChinaisjustastartofexpansion,andfiveotherWestminstercampusesinothercitiesofClunainthenextdecadewillbeestablished,whichwillwitnessthenumberofstudentsinChinacampusesreach20timesthatofcentralLondon.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)PP)正確答案：B參考解析：此句意為“威斯敏斯特公學(xué)在中國(guó)建設(shè)的第一個(gè)校區(qū)只是一個(gè)開(kāi)始，未來(lái)十年內(nèi)，其計(jì)劃在中國(guó)其他城市建設(shè)另外5個(gè)校區(qū)，到時(shí)中國(guó)校區(qū)的學(xué)生人數(shù)將達(dá)到倫敦市中心的20倍”。astartoftheexpansion與B段第二句thefirststageinaventure意思相近，inthenextdecade與overthenexttenyears為同義替換，thenumberofstudentsinChinacampusesreach20timesthatofcentralLondon與educating20timesasmanychil-dreninChinaasintheheartofLondon意思相近。故本題選B。[單選題]17.AccordingtoAshwinAssomull,theeducationindustryhasgreatappealtoinvestments,duetothosefactorsmentionedabove.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)PP)正確答案：N參考解析：此句意為“根據(jù)阿斯溫·阿索米爾的說(shuō)法，上述因素都使教育行業(yè)具有吸引力，更有可能吸引投資”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞AshwinAssomull定位到N段，duetothosefactorsmentionedabove與N段第一句的allofthis意思相近，theeducationindustryhasgreatappealtoinvestments與educationattractivetoinvestors意義相近。故本題選N。[單選題]18.Thegovemment'sattitudetowardsprivateeducationistocontrolitsdevelopmentononehandandcooperatewithprivateeducationontheotherhand.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)PP)正確答案：P參考解析：此句意為“政府對(duì)私立教育的態(tài)度是一方面限制其發(fā)展，另一方面與私立教育合作”。controlitsde-velopment是P段第一句regulateandrestricttheprivatesector的同義替換，cooperatewithprivateeducation與theyworkwithit意思相近。故本題選P。[單選題]19.Withthedeclineinbirthratesandtheincreaseinpeople'sincome,theinvestmentineachchild'seducationhasincreased,whichhasboostedthegrowthofprivateschools'students.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)PP)正確答案：F參考解析：此句意為“隨著出生率的下降和收入的增加，父母對(duì)孩子的教育資金投入有所增加，這促進(jìn)了私立學(xué)校學(xué)生的增長(zhǎng)”，由mcome可定位到F段。其中，thedeclineinbirthratesandtheincreaseinpeople'sincome是對(duì)F段第二句incomesarerising和F段第三句sincebirthratesarefalling的同義替換，theinvestmentineachchildofeducationhasincreased是對(duì)theamountofmoneyavailableforeachchildisrisingevenfasterthanincomes及后面內(nèi)容的總結(jié)概括。故本題選F。[單選題]20.Manufacturingdownturnandincreasingcapitalintensityreducethetheopportunitiesoflessedu-catedpeopleseekingforajob.A.A）B.B）C.C）D.D）E.E）F.F）GG）HH）II）JJ）KK)LL)MM)NN)OO)PP)正確答案：G參考解析：此句意為“制造業(yè)的衰落和資本密度的提高使教育程度較低者就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)減少”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞in-creasingcapitalintensity定位到G段第一句。其中manufacturingdownturn與therelativedecline意義相近，reducethetheopportunitiesoflesseducatedpeopleseekingforajob與jobopportunitiesforthelesswell-educat-edareshrinking意思相同。故本題選G。參考譯文獨(dú)樹(shù)一幟A)威斯敏斯特公學(xué)位于倫敦市中心威斯敏斯特大教堂附近的古建筑群中。1560年，女王伊麗莎白一世創(chuàng)辦威斯敏斯特公學(xué)，讓40名貧困學(xué)生有學(xué)可上，學(xué)生均為男性。但從那時(shí)起，它發(fā)生了一些變化?，F(xiàn)在它共有750名學(xué)生，也接收了一些女孩。寄宿生費(fèi)用為每年39252英鎊，走讀生費(fèi)用為27174英鎊，實(shí)際上貧困生已經(jīng)鮮有了。但是近半個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，這些歷史前提導(dǎo)致了它在地理上的局限性。B)但這種狀況即將發(fā)生改變。4月9日的奠基儀式標(biāo)志著威斯敏斯特公學(xué)成都分校開(kāi)始建設(shè)，這是與當(dāng)?shù)睾献骰锇橄愀鬯篂槊澜逃萍技瘓F(tuán)合資項(xiàng)目的第一階段。學(xué)校將于2020年9月開(kāi)學(xué)，屆時(shí)將招收2500名3至18歲的學(xué)生。未來(lái)十年，五所類似規(guī)模的分校將在中國(guó)其他城市陸續(xù)建立，屆時(shí)威斯敏斯特公學(xué)在中國(guó)的學(xué)生數(shù)量將達(dá)到倫敦威斯敏斯特公學(xué)的20倍。C)中國(guó)分校的部分收入將流回本部，使威斯敏斯特公學(xué)中領(lǐng)取助學(xué)金的英國(guó)學(xué)生的比例從5%右提高到20%左右。倫敦的副校長(zhǎng)羅德尼，哈里斯說(shuō)：“它將為我們帶來(lái)收入，讓我們能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)辦學(xué)初衷?！彼麑⒂?月搬到成都，擔(dān)任該分校校長(zhǎng)。通過(guò)將其模式擴(kuò)展到中國(guó)，威斯敏斯特公學(xué)希望減輕它在英國(guó)助長(zhǎng)的不平等。D)在過(guò)去，教育由企業(yè)家和宗教組織提供，但從18世紀(jì)的普魯士開(kāi)始，政府開(kāi)始接管。近年來(lái)，在富裕國(guó)家，政府主導(dǎo)著教育，私立教育僅限于精英階層和虔誠(chéng)教徒。在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，從搖搖欲墜的帝國(guó)中建立的新國(guó)家也熱衷于提供（和控制）教育，既要對(duì)國(guó)民的野心做出回應(yīng)，又要塑造下一代的意識(shí)形態(tài)。E)但現(xiàn)在私立教育正在復(fù)蘇。過(guò)去15年來(lái)，全球范圍內(nèi)私立學(xué)校的入學(xué)人數(shù)在上升，小學(xué)生占比從10%上升到17%,中學(xué)生占比從19%上升到27%。中低收入國(guó)家私立學(xué)校入學(xué)人數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)超過(guò)富裕國(guó)家。F)四個(gè)因素推動(dòng)了這種增長(zhǎng)。首先，人們的收入正不斷增加，尤其是富裕階層。由于出生率下降，每個(gè)孩子的可用資金增速甚至超過(guò)了收入增速。在中國(guó)，獨(dú)生子女政策意味著在許多家庭中，有六個(gè)人（四個(gè)祖父母和兩個(gè)父母）為一個(gè)孩子的教育投資做準(zhǔn)備。G)其次，由于制造業(yè)相對(duì)衰退且制造業(yè)資本密集度不斷提高，受教育程度較低者的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)正在不斷減少。即使在利潤(rùn)頗豐的工廠工作也有學(xué)歷要求。盡管受過(guò)良好教育的人越來(lái)越多，但教育回報(bào)率仍在上升。在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，受過(guò)良好教育的人相對(duì)較少，回報(bào)率高于發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，這使得教育對(duì)于那里的年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)更為重要。H)再次，教育產(chǎn)出也促進(jìn)了就業(yè)：受教育的孩子越多，下一批教師就越多。在女性就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)有限的國(guó)家尤其如此，許多受過(guò)教育的女性可以轉(zhuǎn)化為工資低廉的教師儲(chǔ)備。I)最后，科技不斷要求人類掌握新技能，私立教育似乎更擅長(zhǎng)培養(yǎng)這些技能。技術(shù)也開(kāi)辟了新的市場(chǎng)，因?yàn)榛ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)使擁有不同的生活方式和生活在不同時(shí)代的人們都能接受教育。J)私立和公立學(xué)校的界線往往不明確，許多國(guó)家的公立學(xué)校部分是私人融資的，而私立學(xué)校由政府資助。此外，私立教育的發(fā)展規(guī)模和速度因國(guó)家而異。大體來(lái)看，國(guó)家越發(fā)達(dá)，私立教育的作用就越小。在海地，約80%的小學(xué)生正在接受私立教育；在德國(guó)，只有5%。在歐洲大陸，國(guó)家教育的質(zhì)量普遍較高，因此私立學(xué)校往往作用不大——雖然也不完全如此。比如，荷蘭宗教分裂的歷史意味著75%的學(xué)生進(jìn)入私立學(xué)校，其中絕大多數(shù)學(xué)校是由政府資助的。而在瑞典，私立學(xué)校學(xué)生占比10%。在美國(guó)和英國(guó)，公立學(xué)校的教育質(zhì)量參差不齊，因此出現(xiàn)了大批精英私立學(xué)校和越來(lái)越多私人管理但由政府資助的學(xué)校，這種學(xué)校在美國(guó)叫“特許學(xué)校”(charters)，在英國(guó)叫“學(xué)院”(academies)。在第三產(chǎn)業(yè)中，私營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)在美國(guó)發(fā)揮著重要作用，無(wú)論是在市場(chǎng)頂端還是底層。而在英國(guó)，第三產(chǎn)業(yè)主要是私人融資的。K)在拉丁美洲，天主教會(huì)在學(xué)校教育中發(fā)揮著重要作用，國(guó)家提供低質(zhì)量教育，以及對(duì)高等教育的需求快速增長(zhǎng)，這些都促使私立教育扮演著重要角色。在南亞和非洲的大部分地區(qū)，貧困、遷移和人口增長(zhǎng)使得政府在許多城市難以提供學(xué)校教育，因此私立學(xué)校教育規(guī)模龐大，而且增長(zhǎng)迅速。精英們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了公立系統(tǒng)，許多中產(chǎn)階級(jí)和貧窮人群都在追隨他們的腳步。L)與歐洲一樣，南亞和東亞各政府資助教育的資金龐大且有效。但與歐洲不同，它們的私立教育行業(yè)也在迅速發(fā)展。越南的公立學(xué)校體系在低收入國(guó)家中最為完善，其私立學(xué)校行業(yè)可能是世界上發(fā)展速度最快的。中國(guó)教育企業(yè)的市值比其他任何國(guó)家的同類企業(yè)都大，這表明投資者認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)。M)中國(guó)政府正在弱化私立教育在6至16歲教育中的角色，但私立教育仍有增長(zhǎng)空間。如果孩子去私立幼兒園和私立大學(xué)，接受每天放學(xué)兩小時(shí)、周末每天八小時(shí)的家教補(bǔ)習(xí)，再參加個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)夏令營(yíng)——這是中國(guó)精英的孩子上學(xué)的普遍流程——那么這個(gè)孩子在私立和公立教育中花費(fèi)的時(shí)間一樣多。N)艾意凱咨詢公司的阿斯溫，阿索米爾表示，所有這些都使得教育對(duì)投資者具有吸引力。需求增長(zhǎng)快于收入增長(zhǎng)，并在經(jīng)濟(jì)低迷時(shí)期保持良好勢(shì)頭?？萍颊趧?chuàng)造新的市場(chǎng)。學(xué)校教育是分散的，但是也出現(xiàn)了大型且不斷發(fā)展的連鎖學(xué)校。例如總部位于迪拜的環(huán)球教育集團(tuán)公司，擁有47所分校，且大部分位于中東地區(qū)；英國(guó)公司Cognita在8個(gè)國(guó)家擁有73所學(xué)校；一家名為BeaconhouseSchoolSystems的巴基斯坦公司在7個(gè)國(guó)家擁有200所學(xué)校。O)私立教育的主要缺點(diǎn)是缺少政治敏感性。私人教育投資使政府感到不安，因?yàn)樗顾綘I(yíng)產(chǎn)品與社會(huì)公共產(chǎn)品相抗衡。政府和父母一樣，希望孩子們學(xué)習(xí)，但政府也希望使社會(huì)流動(dòng)性最大化并盡量減少不平等，而父母只想確保他們的孩子比其他人的孩子過(guò)得好。P)這些目標(biāo)不可避免地會(huì)發(fā)生沖突，因此政府監(jiān)管并限制私立教育，控制其教授的內(nèi)容，禁止謀取利潤(rùn)和篩選學(xué)生，削減費(fèi)用，在總體上減少私立教育對(duì)投資者的吸引力。然而，政府也需要私立教育，因此它們與之合作，為其注入技能、創(chuàng)造力和資本，并將納稅人的錢投入其中。Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.UsingFacebookmakespeoplesadder,atleastaccordingtosomeresearch.Butjustwhatisitaboutthesocialnetworkthattakesahitonourmood?Astudyofthedifferentwaysofinteractingwiththesitenowoffersananswer:[Grazing]

onthecontentofotherpeople'sidealizedlivesmaymakerealitypainful.ScientistshavelongdebatedFacebook'simpactonusers'in-the-momentmoodaswellastheirdeepersatisfactionwithlife.Somestudieshavefoundthatthesitemakesushappier;others,sadder.Oneoftheproblemsisthatmoststudieswerecross-sectional,takingasnapshotofpeopleatonepointoftime.ButthatmakesitdifficulttoseparateouruseofFacebookfromthemanyotherfactorsknowntoaffectwell-being,fromoverworktoromanticmeltdowns.A2013studyledbyEthanKross,apsychologistattheUniversityofMichigan,sidestepped[thisproblem]

bystudyingpeople'suseofFacebookovertime,surveyingthemabouttheirwell-beingfivetimesperdayfor2weeks.TheconclusionwasthatthemoreyouuseFacebook,thesadderyouget.Thatstudygeneratedanenormousamountofattention.Buttheresultsofferednocluetowhatitisaboutthesocialnetwork,orhowpeopleareusingit,thatmighthavethisnegativeeffect.Sincethen,acollaborationoflabsincludingKross'shastriedtoteaseapartthemechanisms.Theresearchersperformedan“intervention”,usingsubjects'personalFacebookaccountsinspecificways.Afterall,interactionwithFacebookconsistsofawholesetofactivities,frombrowsingphotosand“l(fā)iking”websitestodirectlyinteractingwithothersthroughmessagesandcomments.Lastweek,Krosssharedasneakpreviewofhisteam'sresults.Theirfindingssuggestthatthereisnoeffectonwell-beingifone“actively”usesFacebook.Whensubjectsdirectlyinteractedwiththesocialnetworkbypostingstatusupdates,sharingcontent,andmessagingothers,theirmoodstayedthesameoverthecourseofaday.Butthenegativeimpactonwell-beingthatKrossdiscoveredinhis2013studyreappearedforindividualswhoweremadeto“passively”usethesite-justbrowsingthroughphotographsofotherpeople'shappymoments,readingpeople'sconversations,andnotcontributinganything.“UsingFacebookisnotbadforwell-beingperse,”Krossconcluded,but“grazing”itscontentis.Possiblereasonsforthiswerebouncedaroundbytheaudienceofpsychologists.Forexample,onetheoryholdsthatpeoplepostidealizedversionsofthemselvesonFacebook,andcomparingthosetoyourownreal-worldlifeistoxicifyoudon'ttakepartintheonlinetheater.[單選題]21.Theword“Grazing”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans________.A.feedingB.digestingC.eatingD.scraping正確答案：B參考解析：詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段。最后一句“Grazing他人理想化的生活會(huì)讓你對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)感到痛苦”，考生可以結(jié)合文章主旨判斷出Grazing有“過(guò)度關(guān)注”的意思。digesting“消化；吸收，領(lǐng)悟”可引申為“過(guò)度關(guān)注”。故本題選B。[單選題]22.Whatdoesthephrase“thisproblem”inParagraph3referto?A.Moststudiesweretypicalandnotgeneral.B.Moststudiesmadeadetailedstudyofpeople.C.It'sdifficulttoseparatetheuseofsocialnetworkfromotherfactors.D.Therearesomeotherfactorsaffectingwell-being.正確答案：A參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段。第一句為Oneoftheproblemsisthatmoststudieswerecross-sectional，takingasnapshotofpeopleatonepointoftime，接下來(lái)以A2013studyledbyEthanKross為例說(shuō)明這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)也忽視了上文提到的problem，因此可知thisproblem是指第一句的內(nèi)容。故本題選A。[單選題]23.EthanKross's2013studyfailedtofind________.A.howpeopleusesocialnetworkB.whetherpeoplewillgetsadwhentheyuseFacebookC.whatitisaboutFacebookthatmighthavenegativeeffectD.whenpeoplegetsadduringtheuseofFacebook正確答案：C參考解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三、四段。第三段最后一句提到了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。第四段Buttheresultsofferednocluetowhatitisaboutthesocialnetwork,orhowpeopleareusingit,thatmighthavethisnegativeeffect.則提到了實(shí)驗(yàn)的缺陷，即研究結(jié)果并沒(méi)有指出究竟是社