2025年新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題練-專題一　閱讀理解（含答案）

2025版新教材高考英語第二輪

專題一閱讀理解

五年高考

新高考專練

題組一2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ

Passage1(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,A)主題：環(huán)境保護(hù)

HABITATRESTORATIONTEAM

HelprestoreandprotectMarin’snaturalareasfromtheMarinHeadlandstoBolinasRidge.

We’llexplorebeautifulparksiteswhileconductinginvasive(侵入的)plantremoval,winter

planting,andseedcollection.HabitatRestorationTeamvolunteersplayavitalroleinrestoring

sensitiveresourcesandprotectingendangeredspeciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.

GROUPS

Groupsoffiveormorerequirespecialarrangementsandmustbeconfirmedinadvance.

PleasereviewtheListofAvailableProjectsandfillouttheGroupProjectRequestForm.

AGE,SKILLS,WHATTOBRING

Volunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouth

undertheageof15.

BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18must

havetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.

We’llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Bringlayersforchanging

weatherandaraincoatifnecessary.

Bringapersonalwaterbottle,sunscreen,andlunch.

Noexperiencenecessary.Trainingandtoolswillbeprovided.Fulfills(滿足)community

servicerequirements.

UPCOMINGEVENTS

TimeMeetingLocation

Sunday,Jan.15

BatteryAlexanderTrailhead

10:00am-1:00pm

Sunday,Jan.22StinsonBeachParkingLot

10:00am-2:30pm

Sunday,Jan.29

CoyoteRidgeTrailhead

9:30am-2:30pm

1.WhatistheaimoftheHabitatRestorationTeam?

A.Todiscovermineralresources.

B.Todevelopnewwildlifeparks.

C.Toprotectthelocalecosystem.

D.Toconductbiologicalresearch.

2.WhatistheloweragelimitforjoiningtheHabitatRestorationTeam?

A.5.B.10.C.15.D.18.

3.Whatarethevolunteersexpectedtodo?

A.Bringtheirowntools.B.Workeveninbadweather.

C.Wearateamuniform.D.Doatleastthreeprojects.

Passage2(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,B)主題：跨文化合作

“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)on

arabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensome

ofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethe

lastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))now

practicing“holistic”medicine—combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,

chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.

Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventional

veterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfrom

terriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetried

acupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthree

treatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,after

studyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.

LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,

Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’s

sufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.And

PriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmore

comfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.

Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthe

pastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolistic

VeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesme

thatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”

1.WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?

A.He’sodd.B.He’sstrict.

C.He’sbrave.D.He’srude.

2.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?

A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity.

B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.

C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient.

D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.

3.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.

B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.

C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.

D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.

4.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?

A.ToproveFarber’spoint.

B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.

C.Topraiseveterinarians.

D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.

Passage3(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,C)主題：善于學(xué)習(xí)

Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andare

listeningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthe

samematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no.”Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyof

factors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心態(tài))andatendencyto

multitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.

Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymore

successfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.

Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposing

simpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequiremental

abstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.

Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’s

physicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisual

geographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfar

intothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.

Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheory

called“shallowinghypothesis(假說).”Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltexts

withamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmental

effortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.

Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachers

increasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticleby

thesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnews

stories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.

Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenproviding

resourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusand

reflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhenthey

containidenticalwords.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?

A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.

C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.

2.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?

A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.

B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.

C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.

D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.

3.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?

A.Theycanholdstudents’attention.

B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.

C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.

D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.

4.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.

B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.

C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.

D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.

Passage4(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,D)主題：自然科學(xué)研究成果

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersand

citizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityare

oftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfor

detectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfound

thatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecies

withtheaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyand

assistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“These

observationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(標(biāo)本),and

sinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingto

globalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daru

andhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使

有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofaflowering

plantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadto

betterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,

andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataon

mobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareas

nearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catching

features.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusers

ofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.

Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageusersto

haveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”

1.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.

B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.

D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

2.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

3.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.

B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.

D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

4.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.

B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.

D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

題組二2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ

Passage5(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,A)主題：體育活動

ChoiceofWalksforBeginnerandExperiencedWalkers

TheCarlowAutumnWalkingFestivalisagreatopportunityforthebeginner,experienced

oradvancedwalkertoenjoythechallengesofCarlow’smountainhikesorthepeaceofits

woodlandwalks.

Walk1—TheNaturalWorld

WithenvironmentalistéannaLamhnaastheguide,thiswalkpromisestobean

informativetour.Walkersaresuretolearnlotsaboutthehabitatsandnaturalworldofthe

Blackstairs.

DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at09:00

StartPoint:ScratoesBridge

WalkDuration:6hours

Walk2—IntroductiontoHillwalking

EmmanuelChappard,anexperiencedguide,hasapassionformakingthegreatoutdoors

accessibletoall.Thismountainwalkprovidesaninsightintotheskillsrequiredforhillwalking

toensureyougetthemostfromfuturewalkingtrips.

DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at09:00

StartPoint:DeerparkCarPark

WalkDuration:5hours

Walk3—MoonlightUndertheStars

Walkingatnight-timeisagreatwaytostepoutofyourcomfortzone.Breathtakingviews

ofthelowlandsofCarlowcanbeenjoyedinthepresenceofwelcomingguidesfromlocal

walkingclubs.Atorch(手電筒)alongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinginthedark.

Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.

DateandTime:Saturday,1stOctober,at18:30

StartPoint:TheTownHall

WalkDuration:3hours

Walk4—PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest

ThisinformativewalkledbyRichardSmythintroducesyoutothebasicprinciplesof

photographyinthewild.Bringalongyourcameraandenjoythewonderfulviewsalongthis

well-surfacedforestpath.

DateandTime:Sunday,2ndOctober,at11:45

StartPoint:KilbrannishForestRecreationArea

WalkDuration:1.5hours

1.Whichwalktakestheshortesttime?

A.TheNaturalWorld.

B.IntroductiontoHillwalking.

C.MoonlightUndertheStars.

D.PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForest.

2.WhatareparticipantsinWalk3requiredtodo?

A.Wearproperclothes.

B.Joinawalkingclub.

C.Getspecialpermits.

D.Bringasurvivalguide.

3.Whatdothefourwalkshaveincommon?

A.Theyinvolvedifficultclimbing.

B.Theyareforexperiencedwalkers.

C.Theysharethesamestartpoint.

D.Theyarescheduledfortheweekend.

Passage6(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,B)主題：社會服務(wù)

Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,

weallhaveourphones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.

Well,there’sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.

“Youenterthefaregates(檢票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucan

getaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,”saysAliciaTrost,thechief

communicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“You

choosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”

It’sthatsimple.Ridershaveprintednearly20,000shortstoriesandpoemssincethe

programwaslaunchedlastMarch.Someareclassicshortstories,andsomeareneworiginal

works.

Trostalsowantstointroducelocalwriterstolocalriders.“Wewantedtodosomething

wherewedoacalltoartistsintheBayAreatosubmitstoriesforacontest,”Trostsays.“And

asofrightnow,we’vereceivedabout120submissions.Thewinningstorieswouldgointoour

kioskandthenyouwouldbeapublishedartist.”

Ridershipontransit(交通)systemsacrossthecountryhasbeendownthepasthalfcentury,

socouldshortstoriessavetransit?

Trostthinksso.

“Attheendofthedayalltransitagenciesrightnowaredoingeverythingtheycanto

improvetheriderexperience.SoIabsolutelythinkwewillgetmoreridersjustbecauseof

shortstories,”shesays.

Andyou’llneverbewithoutsomethingtoread.

1.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?

A.Topromotethelocalculture.

B.Todiscouragephoneuse.

C.Tomeetpassengers’needs.

D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.

2.Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?

A.Bypopularity.B.Bylength.

C.Bytheme.D.Bylanguage.

3.WhathasTrostbeendoingrecently?

A.Organizingastorycontest.

B.Doingasurveyofcustomers.

C.Choosingaprintpublisher.

D.Conductinginterviewswithartists.

4.WhatisTrost’sopinionaboutBART’sfuture?

A.Itwillclosedown.

B.Itsprofitswilldecline.

C.Itwillexpandnationwide.

D.Itsridershipwillincrease.

Passage7(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,C)主題：技術(shù)創(chuàng)新

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewent

throughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.While

farmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)

shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldserve

alargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittle

efforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.

Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,

BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainreal

time.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededto

growplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamountto

eachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)to

getthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排

放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesand

otherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkor

biketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimiting

garbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbon

andchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.

1.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?

A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood.

B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.

C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance.

D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.

2.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?

A.Real-timeweatherchanges.

B.Currentconditionoftheplants.

C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil.

D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.

3.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?

A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.

B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.

C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.

D.Theyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.

4.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF’smajorstrengths.

B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF’sglobalinfluence.

D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.

Passage8(2024新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,D)主題：社會熱點問題

GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactionto

dealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwith

ArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapractical

roadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).

Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputer

code(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professional

experiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleof

abusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessible

andinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.

AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecome

morecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneral

Intelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.Thisis

whyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow—severaldecadesbefore

thesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolof

artificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.

Campbell’spointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI—thetechnologycompaniesand

worldleaders—sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.She

explainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-level

eventforhumanity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAItopanout.Such

structuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessrather

thanourdownfall.

AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.

1.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated.

B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.

C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent.

D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.

2.WhatisafeatureofAIbyDesignaccordingtothetext?

A.Itispackedwithcomplexcodes.

B.Itadoptsadown-to-earthwritingstyle.

C.Itprovidesstep-by-stepinstructions.

D.ItisintendedforAIprofessionals.

3.WhatdoesCampbellurgepeopletodoregardingAIdevelopment?

A.Observeexistingregulationsonit.

B.Reconsiderexpertopinionsaboutit.

C.Makejointeffortstokeepitundercontrol.

D.Learnfrompriorexperiencetoslowitdown.

4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.TorecommendabookonAI.

B.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.

C.ToclarifythedefinitionofAI.

D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.

題組三2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ

Passage9(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,A)主題：社會服務(wù)

BikeRental&GuidedTours

WelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!

Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautiful

canals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.Youcanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutside

ofAmsterdam.

WhyMacBike

MacBikehasbeenaroundforalmost30yearsandisthebiggestbicyclerentalcompanyin

Amsterdam.Withover2,500bikesstoredinourfiverentalshopsatstrategiclocations,we

makesurethereisalwaysabikeavailableforyou.Weofferthenewestbicyclesinawide

variety,includingbasicbikeswithfootbrake(剎車),bikeswithhandbrakeandgears(排擋),

bikeswithchildseats,andchildren’sbikes.

Prices

HandBrake,FootBrake,

ThreeGearsNoGears

1hour7.505.00

3hours11.007.50

1day(24hours)14.759.75

Eachadditionalday8.006.00

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,

HeinekenBreweryandmuchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,

startingat1:00pmeveryday.YoucanbuyyourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

1.WhatisanadvantageofMacBike?

A.Itgiveschildrenadiscount.

B.Itoffersmanytypesofbikes.

C.Itorganizesfreecycletours.

D.Ithasover2,500rentalshops.

2.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?

A.15.75.B.19.50.C.22.75.D.29.50.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyerWindmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

Passage10(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,B)主題：環(huán)境保護(hù)

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observing

hownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowing

throughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedto

wonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobserving

natureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkinds

offishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,he

figured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewould

latercallaneco-machine.

ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).

First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewent

aroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedthem

inthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherand

formedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.

Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludge

asfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwas

purewater.

Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacility

thattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedan

eco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.

“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofa

boxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsand

observewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaysto

self-repair.”

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.

B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.

D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

2.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?

A.Tofeedtheanimals.B.Tobuildanecosystem.

C.Toprotecttheplants.D.Totesttheeco-machine.

3.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?

A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.

B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.

C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.

D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.

4.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?

A.Naturecanrepairitself.

B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.

C.LifeonEarthisdiverse.

D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.

Passage11(2023新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,C)主題：健康生活

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailed

explorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthis

philosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophical

foundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremaking

somanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetailed

discussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:the

digitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesfor

thirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefully

chosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigital

declutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600people

agreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhat

strategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyou

cultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissues

suchastheimportanceofsolitude(獨處)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisureto