英語國家概況課件 America The Education

AmericaTheEducationCONTENTS1234

IntroductionEducationalSystemHigherEducationCurrentProblems1.Introduction●ThegoalofeducationtoachieveuniversalliteracytoprovideindividualswiththeknowledgeandskillsnecessarytopromoteboththeirownindividualwelfareandthatofthegeneralpublicFormuchofthe20thcentury,thedominanthistoriographyemphasizedtheriseofAmericaneducationasapowerfulforceforliteracy,democracy,andequalopportunity,andafirmbasisforhighereducationandadvancedresearchinstitutions.1.Introduction●TheeducationalpolicyEducationintheUnitedStatesismainlyprovidedbythepublicsector,withcontrolandfundingcomingfromthreelevels:federal,state,andlocal.Theagesforcompulsoryeducationvarybystate.Itbeginsfromages5to8andendsfromages14to18.Educationalstandardsandstandardizedtestingdecisionsareusuallymadebystategovernments.1.Introduction●Teachingmethods:learningbyinquiry,doing,andgrouppresentation請輸入標題2.TheEducationalSystem

FormaleducationintheU.S.consistsofelementary,secondaryandhighereducation.Elementaryandsecondaryeducation,thebasisofpubliceducation,arecompulsoryandaredividedinto12grades.Inmosthighschools,studentsmeetwithdifferentteachersandclassmatesforeachsubject.Everyyearmorethan3millionstudentsgraduatefromsecondaryschools,onlyabout1millionstudentsgoonforhighereducation.Publicandprivatecollegesdependonthreesourcesofincome:studenttuition,governmentfunding,donation.請輸入標題2.TheEducationalSystem

Typeofschools

Publicschools:Fundedandoperatedbythegovernment;Tendtohavelargerenrollmentsandlargeraverageclasssizes;Spending,schoolcurriculum,teacherstandardsandcertificationareguidedbyboardsofeducationatthestateordistrictlevel.Privateschools:Fundedandoperatedbyprivateindividualsororganizations;Havemoreflexibilityindesigningtheircurriculumandteachingmethods;Chargetuitionfeesandarenotrequiredtofollowstateeducationalstandards.請輸入標題2.TheEducationalSystem

●Severallevelsofschooling

●Elementaryschool?usuallygrades1(kindergarten)through8,insomeplacesgrades1through6;?teachmathematics,language,arts,socialstudiesandsomeothersubjects.請輸入標題2.TheEducationalSystem

●Secondaryschool?Generallygrades9-12,popularlycalled“highschool”;?inmanydistricts,grades7-9arecalled“juniorhighschool”;?10-12arecalleda“seniorhighschool”.請輸入標題3.HigherEducation

●Admissionfortheundergraduatestudy:?GPA?Recommendations?Interview?SAT請輸入標題3.HigherEducation

●Fourtypesofinstitutions:?University?Four-yearcollege?Technicaltraininginstitutions?Communitycollege請輸入標題3.HigherEducation

●GettheUndergraduatedegree—“credits”?15-16creditsforasemester?60-64fortwo-yearassociatedegree?120-128forfour-yearbachelor’sdegree請輸入標題3.HigherEducation

●Fourtypesofdegrees?Associate’sdegree(communitycollege)?Bachelor’sdegree(undergraduateeducation)?Master’sdegree(graduateeducation)?Doctoraldegree(graduateeducation)請輸入標題3.HigherEducation

●GraduatestudyAdmission:academicperformance+standardizedexamstandardizedexam:GRE,MCAT,LSAT請輸入標題3.HigherEducation

BrownUniversity,ColumbiaUniversity,

CornellUniversity,

DartmouthCollege,

HarvardUniversity,the

UniversityofPennsylvania,

PrincetonUniversity,YaleUniversity.Ivyleagueeightmembers:

請輸入標題3.HigherEducation

●HarvardUniversity

?ItisaprivateIvyLeagueuniversitylocatedinCambridge,Massachusetts,establishedin1636.?ItwasnamedforitsfirstbenefactorJohnHarvard.請輸入標題3.HigherEducation

●HarvardUniversityItisoneoftheoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheU.S.,andisacomprehensiveuniversity.EightU.S.presidentshavegraduatedfromHarvard.75NobleLaureateshavebeenaffiliatedwiththeuniversity.Ithasthelargestfinancialendowmentofanyschoolintheworld.請輸入標題3.HigherEducation

●HarvardUniversity?Everyyearmorethan3millionstudentsgraduatefromsecondaryschools,onlyabout1millionstudentsgoonforhighereducation?Publicandprivatecollegesdependonthreesourcesofincome:studenttuition,governmentfunding,donation?Bestinquality,biggestinnumber請輸入標題3.HigherEducation

●YaleUniversityYaleUniversity,locatedinNewHaven,Connecticut,theUnitedStates,isaworld-renownedprivateresearchuniversity,thethirdoldestinstitutionofhigherlearning,oneofthe14foundinginstitutionsoftheAssociationofAmericanUniversities,alsoamemberofthefamousIvyLeague,amemberoftheGlobalUniversityPresidentsForum.YaleUniversitywasoriginallyfoundedin1701byConnecticutCongregationalistsandmovedtoNewHaven,Connecticutin1716.The260buildingsonYalecampuscoverthedesignstylesofvarioushistoricalperiodsandareknownas“themostbeautifulurbancampusintheUnitedStates”.請輸入標題3.HigherEducation

●YaleUniversity

YaleUniversity’sfacultylineup,curriculumarrangement,teachingfacilitiescanbecalledtheworldbenchmark.Yalealumni,professors,andresearchershaveproduced65NobelPrizewinners,fiveFieldsMedalwinners,andthreeTuringAwardwinners.Inaddition,YaleUniversityhasalsotrainedfiveU.S.presidents,aswellas19U.S.SupremeCourtjusticesand16billionaires.請輸入標題●MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,foundedbyWilliamBartonRogersontheCharlesRiverin1861,isoneoftheworld’sleadingprivateresearchuniversities.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyisacomprehensiveprivateuniversityintheUnitedStates,locatedinCambridge,Massachusetts,thecampusareaof166acres.Withanearlyfocusonappliedscienceandengineering,MIThasproduced97NobelPrizewinners,8FieldsMedalwinners,and26TuringAwardwinnersby2020.MITisranked1stintheworldinthe2024QSWorldUniversityRankings.請輸入標題●TheUniversityofPennsylvaniaTheUniversityofPennsylvania,locatedinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania,isaprivateresearchuniversity,oneoftheIvyLeagueuniversities,afoundingmemberoftheAssociationofAmericanUniversities,andamemberoftheGlobalCollegePresidentsForum.Foundedin1740,theUniversityisthefiftholdestinstitutionofhighereducationintheUnitedStatesandthefirstmoderninstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStatesengagedinscience,technologyandhumanitieseducation.TheschoolwasfoundedbyBenjaminFranklin,oneofthefamousfoundingfathersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

請輸入標題●UniversityofPennsylvania

TheUn