人教版七年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語全冊(cè)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理

人教版七年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語全冊(cè)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理目錄第一講:動(dòng)詞1.Be動(dòng)詞2.動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)第二講:代詞1.人稱代詞及物主代詞2.指示代詞第三講:名詞1.名詞的數(shù)2.名詞的所有格第四講:數(shù)詞1.基數(shù)詞2.序數(shù)詞第五講:介詞第六講:句型1.肯定句2.否定句3.一般疑問句4.特殊疑問句5.Therebe句型第一講:動(dòng)詞(一)Be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)的用法口訣:I用am,you用are,is連著他(he)她(she)它(it)。單數(shù)統(tǒng)統(tǒng)用is，復(fù)數(shù)一律都用are.變疑問，往前提，句末問號(hào)莫丟棄，變否定，更容易，be后not莫忘記，疑問否定任你變，句首大寫莫遲疑。注意:be動(dòng)詞通常會(huì)和其他詞連寫在一起，如:I’m,what’s,name’s,they’re等Forexample:-Whatisyourname?=-What’syourname?-MynameisCindy.=-Myname’sCindy.-Areyouastudent?=-Areyouastudent?-Yes,Iamastudent.=–Yes,I’mastudent.-Whatarethey?=-Whatarethey?-Theyareapples.=They’reapples.Whatisthis?=What’sthis?ExercisesI________astudent.You________Japanese.He_______mybrother.She_______verynice.Myname________Harry.I_______10yearsold.LiLei_________verytall.Mary,this_________Tom.What_____this?MissZhou________myteacher.Thisbook________veryinteresting.LiLeiandI__________goodfriends.These________apples.Those_________bananas.They_________students.There_______somebreadontheplate.Thecat________black.________shefromChina?________yougoodatEnglish?Thebooks________onthedesk.Theblackpants______forSuYang.This______notWangFang’spencil.Here______somesweatersforyou.There______agirlintheroom.Thispairofboots______forYangLing.______DavidandHelenfromEngland?_______thereanykitesintheclassroom?GaoShan’sshirt_______overthere.Sometea______intheglass.Mysister’sname______Nancy._______thereanyapplejuiceinthebottle?Mytelephonenumber________8563-0770.(二)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:a.一般情況下在動(dòng)詞詞尾加s如:get----getslike----likesplay—plays，want—wants，work—works，know—knows，help—helps，get—getsb.以字母s、x、ch或o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es;如:guess—guesses，fix—fixes，teach—teaches，brush—brushes，go—goes，do—does，watch—watches，catch—catchesc.以輔音字母，y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，再加-es。如:study—studies，carry—carries，fly—flies，worry—worries特殊詞:have----hasExercises一完成句子。1.I________(know)theboy.2.They________(go)toworkonSundays.3.Heusually_______(come)toschoolearly.4.Ioften_______(have)rice,meatandvegetables.5.Mygrandfather_______(play)sportsinthepark.6.MissLi_________(teach)Englishinourschool.7.ThestudentsofClassFour________(sing)asongonMonday.8.AliceandJerry_________(do)homeworkafterschool.9.We________(take)ashowerintheevening.10.Hersister__________(have)Chineseeveryday.11._______you________(have)asoccerball?12.Mary______________(notcome)fromAmerica.She_________(come)fromBritain.13._______yourmother_________(watch)TVeveryday?14._____yoursister_____(know)English?15.Who_____(want)togoswimming?二用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Weoften_________(play)intheplayground.2.He__________(get)upatsixo’clock.3.________you_________(brush)yourteetheverymorning.4.What________(do)heusually________(do)afterschool?5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.________Mikesometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhissister.7.Ateightatnight,she_________(watch)TVwithhisparents.8_______Mike________(read)Englisheveryday?9.Howmanylessons_________yourclassmate________(have)onMonday?10.Whattime_______hismother__________(do)thehousework?11.Heusually_____(get)upatsixinthemorning.12.She______(have)blueseyes.13.We_______(go)toschooleveryday14.Theboy_________(like)playingfootball.15.We_______(have)noclassesonSundays.16.She________(write)tohermotheronceaweek.17.It_____(rain)quiteoftenduringthemonthofJulyeveryyear.18.Sheoften_________(watch)TVonSaturdays.19.Mikeusually_________(ride)abikewithhisfriendsinthepark.20.PeterandMaryoften_______(play)badmintontogether.21.Mymother______(have)alotofcousins.22.Manypeopleoften_______(listen)totheradiointhemorning.23.______(do)she_______(like)playingtheviolin?Yes,she______(do).24.She_____(have)fourbrothers.She______(like)themverymuch.25.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.26.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.27.Sandyusually_______(play)thepianoonSundays.28.Thecat________(like)eatingfisheverymuch.29.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.30.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.31.Who________(teach)Englishinyourschool?32.MayI_________(know)youraddress?33.__________(be)youtwelve?34.She__________(like)fish,butshe________________(notlike)meat.35.Hermotherisgoodat_____________(make)cakes.36.Mr.Greenwants____________(buy)anewwatch.37.Who_________(be)yourEnglishteacher?38.Myfather___________(go)tobedat10:00everyevening.39.Hisfriend________________(like,play)computergames.40.Let’s_____________(watch)TV.41._____________JimandTom___________(like)hamburgers?42.Whatkindofmovies___________yourgrandfather___________(want)tosee?43.Where___________(be)thetwovolleyballs?44.That___________(be)ishisfamilyphoto.45.Wecan_____________(sing)Englishsongs.46.Hecan__________(do)ChineseKungfu.47.Whattime___________Mr.Brown_________(take)ashower?48.Mrs.Jones____________(watch)TVinweekends.49.__________(be)yoursistersinthebedroom?50.Mydaughter________(watch)TVeveryday.Sometimesshe________(see)afilmonSunday.第二講:代詞(一)人稱代詞及物主代詞1.通常情況下，人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語。2.通常情況下，人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語。3.形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞，后面要跟它所限定的名詞。4.通常情況下，人稱代詞主格會(huì)與跟在它后面的be動(dòng)詞縮寫。如:Iam=I’myouare=you’reheis=he’ssheis=she’sitis=it’sweare=we’retheyare=they’reExercises一根據(jù)句子前后(I)2.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)3.Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4._________ismybrother._________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5._________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolorare_________?(you)6.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_________?(she)7.Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s_________?(you)8.Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)10.Arethese_________tickets?No,_________arenot_________._________aren’there.(they)11.Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)12._________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________anurse.(she)13.Thatisnot_________camera._________isathome.(he)14.Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)15.Don’ttouch_________._________notacat,_________atiger!(it)16._________sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_________.(she)17.________don’tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_________.(we)18.Somanydogs.Let’scount_________.(they)19.Ihavealovelybrother._________isonly3.Ilike_________verymuch.(he)20.MayIsitbeside_________?(you)21.Lookatthatdesk.Thosebooksareon_________.(it)22.Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)(二)(指示代詞this,that,these,those.These是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式，指時(shí)間、距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事。Those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式，指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或者前面已經(jīng)提到的人或事。Forexample:Thisismyroom.ThatisLucy’sroom.Thesearehisbrothers.Thosearehisbooks.第三講:名詞名詞:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名稱的詞(一)名詞的分類名詞分為普通名詞和專有名詞，其中普通名詞包括可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞可用作單數(shù)，也可用作復(fù)數(shù)。可數(shù)名詞包括個(gè)體名詞(表示一類人或物的個(gè)體。如:boy，desk，cat，window)和集體名詞(由若干個(gè)體組成的集合體。如:family，class，police)。不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。如:water，paper，silk，money)和抽象名詞(表示性質(zhì)、行為、狀態(tài)、感情或其它抽象概念。如:work，happiness，music，difficulty，housework)專有名詞表示個(gè)人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)、組織等。如:Tom，theGreatWall，theSpringFestival，F(xiàn)rance，theUnitedStates)。(二)名詞的數(shù)1.可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，其復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成主要有以下幾種:(1)一般情況下，在詞尾加s.e.g.book——books，dog——dogs，pen——pens，boy——boys輔音結(jié)尾的名詞后的s的讀音為[s]，以濁輔音和元音結(jié)尾名詞后的s讀音為〔z〕。(2)以s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的詞名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，要在詞尾加es.e.g.beach——beaches，brush——brushes，bus——buses，box—boxes(es讀音為〔iz〕(3)以―輔音字母，y‖結(jié)尾的名詞，先變y為i，再加es.e.g.city——cities，family——families，documentary——documentaries，country——countries，strawberry——strawberries(ies讀音為[iz])(注:以―元音字母+y‖結(jié)尾的詞，直接在詞尾加-s.e.g.boys，holidays，days)(4)以元音字母。結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)情況如下:?加eg.tomato—tomatoes，potato—potatoes?結(jié)尾是兩個(gè)元音字母的加s，e.g.zoo—zoos，radio——radios?某些外來詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)詞尾加s，e.g.piano—pianos?一些名詞的縮寫形式變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，詞尾加s，e.g.photo(photograph)——photos，kilo(kilogram)kilos?zero變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，既可加s，也可加e.g.zeros,zeroes(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，先把f或fe變?yōu)関，再加es.e.g.wife——wives，leafleaves，half——halves，knife—knives，thief——thieves(res讀音為[vz](注意:roof的復(fù)數(shù)為roofs;scarf的復(fù)數(shù)為scarfs,scarves)(6)有些名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，不是在詞尾加s或es，而是變換其中的字母。e.g.man——men，woman——women，policeman——policemen，Englishman——Englishmen，F(xiàn)renchman——Frenchmen，foot——feet，tooth——teeth，child——children，mouse—mice，Ox—Oxen(公牛)(7)還有一些名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式相同。e.g.Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish(8)另一些名詞本身即是復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可用作單數(shù)。e.g.people，police，trousers，pants，clothes，scissors另外，?當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞作定語說明另一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般用單數(shù)。e.g.anappletree，fiveappletrees，agirlfriend，twogirlfriends，atwinsister但是，當(dāng)man和woman作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，就要用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.twomenteachers，threewomendoctors?可用―量詞+of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)‖這一結(jié)構(gòu)表示可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。e.g.aroomofstudents，twoboxesofpencils2.不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，它的―量‖的表示方式如下。(1)表不定數(shù)量時(shí)，一般用much，(a)little，alotof,lotsof，some，any等詞修飾。e.g.muchmoney，alittlebread(2)表確定數(shù)量時(shí)，一般用―數(shù)詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞。如:two,three,…+量詞復(fù)數(shù)十of+不可數(shù)名詞。e.g.abagofrice，twoglassesofmilk，fourbottlesofwater3.有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但詞義有所不同。e.g.fruit水果——fruits表示不同種類的水果;food食物——foods各種食品;fish魚——fishes魚的種類;drink飲料、酒——adrink一杯,一份飲料、一杯酒;cloth布——，acloth桌布、抹布;sand沙——sands沙灘;tea茶——atea一杯茶;chicken雞肉——achicken小雞;orange橘汁——anorange橘子;glass玻璃——aglass玻璃杯，glasses眼鏡;paper紙——apaper試卷、論文;wood木頭——awood小森林;room空間、余地——aroom房間本冊(cè)已經(jīng)學(xué)過的不可數(shù)名詞有:broccoli,food,dessert,orange,fruit,soccer,tennis,breakfast,lunch,dinner,help,opera,work,homework,timeice-cream,salad,chicken(既可作可數(shù)名詞，又可作不可數(shù)名詞)(三)名詞的所有格:名詞的所有格(表示人或物的所屬關(guān)系)(1)有生命的名詞所有格以及表示時(shí)間、距離、城鎮(zhèn)、國(guó)家等的名詞所有格。?不是以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，在詞尾加’s.e.g.Mike’swatch;Women’sDay?以s結(jié)尾的名詞變成所有格時(shí)，只加’。e.g.teachers’office，students’rooms?兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s.e.g.TomandMike’sroom湯姆和邁克的房間(表示湯姆和邁克共有一間房)?兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并列，表示分別所有，需在幾個(gè)名詞后都加’s.e.g.Mary’sandJenny’sbikes瑪麗和詹妮的自行車(表示瑪麗和詹妮各自的自行車)(2)無生命的事物的名詞所有格常用of結(jié)構(gòu)e.g.amapofChina，thebeginningofthisgame，thedooroftheroom(3)特殊形式?可用’s和of短語表示的名詞所有格e.g.theboy’sname=thenameoftheboy(男孩的名字)thedog’slegs=thelegsofthedog(狗的腿)China’spopulation=thepopulationofChina(中國(guó)的人口)China’scapital=thecapitalofChina(中國(guó)的首都)?雙重所有格e.g.afiendofmymother’s我媽媽的一個(gè)朋友a(bǔ)pictureofTom’s湯姆的一張圖片Exercises1.寫出下列詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。baby_______case_______knife_______photo_______Chinese_________hamburger___________potato_______key______watch_______name_______strawberry______wish_______tomato__________dollar________orange______people_______documentary_________boy__________piano_____child________man_______this______that_______I_______she_________you_______bus_______Japanese___________2.翻譯短語五門學(xué)科________________________三部電影_______________________一些動(dòng)作片___________________________許多手表_________________________一點(diǎn)食品________________________一點(diǎn)蔬菜________________________許多冰激凌________________________三塊雞肉___________________________一些工作_________________________許多作業(yè)___________________________四輛公共汽車________________________3.選擇填空1、Thereonthewall.Theyareverybeautiful.A.arephotoesB.arephotosC.isaphotoD.isphotosmadeinShanghai.A.isB.areC.wereD.hasA.Japanese,GermenBJapaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermanC.Japanese,Germans4.That’artbook.A.anB.aC.theDarealready.A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread.A.sixboxesofapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapplesA.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fishinthebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatchesA.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth10.The_____meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teacherB.teacher’sC.teachers’D.teachers11.InBritain_____areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox4.把下列句子變成復(fù)數(shù)句。1.Thisismyfriend.2.Thisisabike.3.Thatisherbrother.4.Thisisabook.5.Thatisaneraser.6.Itisaredorange.7.Heisateacher.8.What’sthis?9.Thisismymother.10.HeisaChineseboy.11.Iamastudent.12.Aphotoisonthewall.13.YouareaChinese.14.Itisanactionmovie.15.Shehasanicedress.5.改錯(cuò)。1.Hehasmanyicecreamforbreakfast.__________________________________________2.Thegirlhastwobroccoliforlunch._____________________________________________3.Ineedsomesalad._________________________________________________________4.Thestudentdoesafewhomeworkeveryday._____________________________________5.Iwanttogotomovie._______________________________________________________6.Wecanseemuchclothesinthestore.____________________________________________7.Doesshehavethreecousin?__________________________________________________8.TheyareJapaneses.___________________________________________________________9.Ihavesomeapple._____________________________________________________________10.IwanttoseeaBeijingOpera.____________________________________________________第四講:數(shù)詞(一)基數(shù)詞在英語中表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。1.基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)1-20one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten，eleven，twelve，thirteen，fourteen，fifteen，sixteen，seventeen，eighteen，nineteen，twenty(2)21-99先說―幾十‖，再說―幾‖，中間加連字符。23?twenty-three，34?thirty-four，45?forty—five，56?fifty-six，67?sixty-seven，78?seventy-eight，89?eighty-nine，91?ninety-one(3)101—999先說―幾百‖，再加and，再加末兩位數(shù)或末位數(shù);586?fivehundredandeighty-six，803?eighthundredandthree(4)l，000以上，先從右往左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)―，‖，第一個(gè)―，‖前為thousand.第二個(gè)―，‖前為million，第三個(gè)―，‖前為billion(美式)或thousand,million(英式)，然后一節(jié)一節(jié)地表示。1,001?onethousandandone9,785?ninethousand,sevenhundredandeighty-five18,423?eighteenthousand，fourhundredandtwenty-three6,260,309?sixmilliontwohundredandsixtythousandthreehundredandnine750,000,000,000?sevenhundredandfifty,billion(美式)sevenhundredandfiftythousandmillion(英式)(二)序數(shù)詞在英語中表示順序、次序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。1.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成(1)一般在基數(shù)詞后加the.g.four?fourth，thirteen?thirteenth(2)不規(guī)則變化one?first，two?second，three?third，five?fifth，eight?eighth，nine?ninth，twelve——twelfth(3)以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù)，變y為ie再加thtwenty?twentieth，forty?fortieth，ninety?ninetieth(4)從二十一后的―幾十幾‖直至―幾百幾十幾‖或―幾千幾百幾十幾‖只將個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞。twenty-first，twohundredandforty-fifth2.序數(shù)詞的用法(1)序數(shù)詞作定語時(shí)，一般要與定冠詞或物主代詞連用。e.g.Tomistheirsecondson.Heisthefirstonetocomehere.(2)序數(shù)詞有時(shí)可與不定冠詞連用，表示數(shù)量上―又—‖，―再一‖e.g.Hetriedasecondtime.他又試了—次。Shalllaskhimathirdtime,還要我再問他—次嗎,(我已問了他兩次)(3)序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式為:阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加上這個(gè)詞的末尾兩個(gè)字母。1st2nd，3rd，4th，20th，21st，22nd，23rd(4)表示年、月、日時(shí)，年用基數(shù)詞，日用序數(shù)詞。2005年8月15日:(英)15，8，2005=15th，August，2005;(美)8，15，2005=August15th，2005(三)基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞都可以用來給數(shù)字編號(hào)。No.1(1號(hào))，No.3bus(3路公共汽車)，Room103，(103號(hào)旁間)Thefirstlesson=LessonTwo(第二課)(四)分?jǐn)?shù)詞的表達(dá)分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于1時(shí)，分母加s1,3-onethird;2,5-twofifths(五)數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算的表達(dá)eg.3+5=8Threeplus,andfiveiseight.9-2=7Nineminustwoisseven.6x5=30Fivetimessixisthirty8?2=4Eightdividedbytwoisfour.Exercise:按要求補(bǔ)全句子。1.Thereare_________________________________(58個(gè)學(xué)生)inourclass.2.Thereare________________________________(65個(gè)班級(jí))inourschool.3.Ihave____________________________(13本書)inmyschoolbag.4.Arethere_______________________________(73套桌椅)inthisclassroom.5.There’re____________________________(27個(gè)男生)and________________________(31個(gè)女生)inmyclass.6.Thereare__________________________________(15臺(tái)電腦)inthatroom.7.Mygrandmais_______________________________(82歲).8.Thereare________________________________(44位女老師)inherschool.9.Thereare__________________________(94位男醫(yī)生)inthatbighospital,10.Icansee__________________________________(幾只鳥)inthetree.11.______________________________(多少幅畫)arethereinyoubedroom?12.Ihave________________________________(3本字典).13.Canyousee________________________________(一些風(fēng)箏)inthesky?14.Ourschoolhas_________________________________(2個(gè)圖書館).15.Thereare___________________________________(12個(gè)月)inayear.16.Paul’sfatheris_____________________________________(57歲).17.Thereare______________________________(13輛公共汽車)onthestreet.18.Wecansee__________________________________(18個(gè)婦女)overthere.19.Thereare___________________________________(22個(gè)孩子)intheroom.20.Icansee____________________________________(六杯茶)onthetable.第五講:介詞一:注意點(diǎn)1.常用介詞及其比較:?表示地理位置的介詞:(1)at(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示―在……附近，旁邊‖in(1)表示在大地方;(2)表示―在…范圍之in,on，at在……時(shí)in表示較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，如世紀(jì)、朝代、時(shí)代、年、季節(jié)、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。e.g.inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inthenight,inone’slife,inone’sthirties等。on表示具體某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。e.g.onMay1st,onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon等。at表示某一時(shí)刻或較短暫的時(shí)間，或泛指圣誕節(jié)，復(fù)活節(jié)等。e.g.at3:20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheendof…,attheageof…,atChristmas，atnight,atnoon,atthismoment等。注意:在last,next,this,that,some,every等詞之前一律不用介詞。如:Wemeeteveryday.(2)in,after在……之后―in+段時(shí)間‖表示將來的一段時(shí)間以后;―after+段時(shí)間‖表示過去的一段時(shí)間以后;―after+將來點(diǎn)時(shí)間‖表示將來的某一時(shí)刻以后。e.g.Mymotherwillcomebackinthreeorfourdays.Hearrivedafterfivemonths.Shewillappearafterfiveo’clockthisafternoon.(3)from,since自從……from僅說明什么時(shí)候開始，不說明某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)多久;since表示某動(dòng)作或情況持續(xù)至說話時(shí)刻，通常與完成時(shí)連用。e.g.Hestudiedthepianofromtheageofthree.Theyhavelive