2025年高考英語二輪熱點題型歸納與變式演練第一部分 閱讀專題03 閱讀理解詞義猜測題含答案

2025年高考英語二輪熱點題型歸納與變式演練第一部分閱讀專題03閱讀理解詞義猜測題含答案專題03閱讀理解詞義猜測題目錄題型綜述 2解題攻略 3題型01定義法猜詞義題 3題型02對比法猜詞義題 4題型03因果法猜詞義題題型04常識聯(lián)想法猜詞義題 6題型05例舉法猜詞義題 7題型06語境線索法猜詞義題 8題型07根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識猜詞義題高考練場題型簡介詞義猜測題是高考英語閱讀理解中的常見題型。主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文語境來推測單詞、短語或句子含義的能力。在閱讀過程中，考生難免會遇到一些生詞或具有特殊含義的詞匯，這種題型就是檢驗考生能否通過文章的線索和邏輯關(guān)系來理解這些詞匯的真實意思。它不僅要求考生有一定的詞匯量，還需要具備較強(qiáng)的語境理解能力。高考英語對于詞義猜測題的考查，每年都有一到兩題。該題型涉及的文章體裁豐富多樣，無論是記敘文、說明文還是議論文都有可能出現(xiàn)詞義猜測題。尤其是科技類說明文中，作者通常會對一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語進(jìn)行解釋。常見的有對該詞下定義或后跟同位語、定語從句、冒號、破折號、括號等引出解釋說明部分。通過閱讀定義或解釋部分，讀者便可理解該詞或短語的意思。而且，被猜測的詞可能是超綱詞，也可能是熟悉詞匯的生僻含義。命題類型猜測單詞的意思：這是最常見的類型，文章中出現(xiàn)一個生詞，要求考生根據(jù)上下文來猜測其含義。例如，在描述一種新的科學(xué)技術(shù)的文章中，出現(xiàn)了一個專業(yè)術(shù)語，通過對該技術(shù)的原理、應(yīng)用場景等周邊信息的描述來猜測這個專業(yè)術(shù)語的意思。猜測短語的意思：一些由兩個或多個單詞組成的短語，其含義可能不是各個單詞意思的簡單相加。比如，“afar-cryfrom”這個短語在句子中的意思需要結(jié)合上下文來理解，可能是“與……大不相同”的意思，而不是從字面理解的“從遠(yuǎn)處哭泣”。猜測句子的含義：要求考生理解一個句子的隱含意義。這個句子可能是含有隱喻、象征等修辭手法，或者是在特定的文化、技術(shù)等語境下具有特殊的含義。例如，“Thenewpolicyisthelightattheendofthetunnelforthestrugglingcompany.”這里的句子意思不是簡單的字面意思，而是表示“新政策是這家陷入困境的公司的希望之光”。解題思路利用上下文語境：這是最關(guān)鍵的方法。通過觀察生詞所在句子的前后文，尋找解釋、定義、舉例、對比、因果等線索。例如，如果句子中有“thatis”“inotherwords”“namely”等詞，后面的內(nèi)容很可能是對生詞的解釋；如果有“suchas”“forexample”，則后面的例子可以幫助我們理解生詞的含義。利用邏輯關(guān)系：注意文章中的轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、因果等邏輯關(guān)系。如果出現(xiàn)“but”“however”等轉(zhuǎn)折詞，那么生詞的意思可能與前面的內(nèi)容相反；如果是“and”“also”等并列詞，生詞的意思可能與相鄰詞匯相近。利用構(gòu)詞法：對于一些有詞根、詞綴的單詞，可以通過分析其詞根、詞綴來猜測大致意思。例如，“un-”這個前綴通常表示否定，“pre-”表示“在……之前”。但要注意，有些詞綴在不同的單詞中有不同的意思，而且有些單詞不能單純依靠構(gòu)詞法來準(zhǔn)確猜測。代入驗證：將猜測的意思代入原文，看是否符合上下文的邏輯和語境。如果代入后句子通順，并且與文章的主題、情節(jié)等相符，那么這個猜測很可能是正確的。一般來說，詞義猜測題常用解題方法：定義法、對比法、因果法、常識聯(lián)想法、例舉法、語境線索法、構(gòu)詞法等。猜詞題可以使用以下口決：1.指代詞：出現(xiàn)指代往前找，單復(fù)人物要看好；2.半熟悉詞，利用構(gòu)詞法：半生不熟看構(gòu)詞，結(jié)合語境來把持；3.純生詞，則利用邏輯關(guān)系、同義解釋、上下文語境：同義語境和邏輯，上下求索尋真義。命題方式【常見考法】詞義猜測題經(jīng)常使用的提問方式有：1)Theword“ABC”inthepassageprobablymeans________.2)Theunderlinedword“ABC”inthepassagerefersto/means_______.3)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？4)Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．5)Theword"it（them）"inthefirstparagraphrefersto____．題型01定義法有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋。一般通過定義、定語從句、同位語短語或從句等來確定詞義。有時通過or,thatis,thatistosay,namely,inotherwords等來釋義。需要解釋的單詞和短語大多是專有名詞、生僻詞或文中較重要的詞。標(biāo)點符號，如逗號后的解釋(名詞同位語)、破折號后的解釋、括號內(nèi)的解釋等。定義常用的謂語動詞多為：be,

mean,deal

with,be

consideredtobe,becalled,

define,represent,

refer

to,

signify(意味，表明)等。這都是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。(安徽省示范高中培優(yōu)聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)考試卷)BritishParalympicbronzemedalistJohnMcFallcarriedtheParalympicflagattheopeningceremonyoftheParis2024ParalympicGames.HewasoneofonlytwoflagbearerstorepresentthewholeParalympicGames,ratherthanaspecificcountry................Afterundergoingstricttesting,hepassedalltheevaluations,provingthatanastronautwithadisabilitylikehiscouldsuccessfullyoperateinspace,Wiredmagazinereported.Althoughhehasbeenreferredtoasa“parastronaut”,McFallpreferstobeseensimplyasanormalcrewmember.McFallhopeshisexperience,alongwiththose4,000athletesattheParisParalympicGames,cansendanencouragingmessagetoothersfacinganykindoflife-changingcircumstances.10．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinparagraph4?A．entrances B．examinations C．questions D．tracks題型02對比法利用前后對比來猜測詞義。轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”、讓步狀語從句、條件從句和“unlike”,“inspiteof”,“onthecontrary”,“ontheotherhand”,“however”等介詞、副詞能構(gòu)成前后意義上的對比關(guān)系。而as,like,justasalso等詞則可以幫助構(gòu)成意義上相似、成份上對應(yīng)的比較關(guān)系。這些都是我們解決猜詞的標(biāo)識詞語。(安徽省江淮十校2025屆高三第二次聯(lián)考)Formanypeople,thecruelestpartofdailylifeisthetransitionbetweenwakefulnessandsleep.Whenyoushouldbesleeping,youwanttobeawake;whenyoushouldbeawake,youwanttostayasleep.Itiseasytoregardsleepasatorment:hardtoattainandthenhardtogiveup,dayafterdayafterday.Itisnofreshnewstomostpeoplethatadequatesleepimproveswell-being.Onerecentstudyofmorethan30,000U.K.residentsfoundthatpeoplewhoincreasedtheirquantityofsleepoverafour-yearperiodgotaboutthesamehappinessbenefitsastheywouldhavefromeightweeksoftherapy,orfromwinningupto$280,000inalottery.Well-restedpeoplearemoresocialandhavemorepositiveemotionalexperienceswithco-workersandromanticpartners.Sleepinsufficiency,however,lowershappinessbyweakeningemotional-memoryrecallandencouragingascarcitymindset,pittingpeopleagainstothers..........32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“torment”mean?A.Consciousness. B.Suffering. C.Refreshment. D.Amusement.題型03因果法因果關(guān)系是一種常見的、行之有效的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系，一定的原因會導(dǎo)致一定的結(jié)果，某一結(jié)果總是由某種或某些原因引起的，不管生詞出現(xiàn)在原因分句還是結(jié)果分句，我們都能從因果關(guān)系中推出其含義。在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。作者在敘述原因的過程中就必然會把詞或句子置于因果關(guān)系中。常見的表示因果關(guān)系的詞匯：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,due

to,owing

to,thanks

to,on

account

of,result

in,result

from,as

a

result,for

this

reason,accordingly,

so...that...,sothat,such...that等。(湖北省十一校2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)考英語試題)Fordecades,“simplerisbetter”hasbeenacceptedasauniversaltruthinmarketing.NickLight,assistantprofessorofmarketingattheUOLundquistCollegeofBusiness,hastestedthatassumption.Hefoundthatmostconsumerspreferofferingsthatappeartobeeasytouseandunderstand.However,pushingsimplicitycanhaveahidden,costlydownside.“Simplicityisnotasilverbullet,”Lightsaid.Thismethodmightworkforestablishedcompanieswithtrackrecordstobackuptheirclaims.Butitcanberiskyforastart-upwithnohistoryoracompanyinacomplicatedmarketcategorywherefailuresorbreakdownsaremorecommon..........12.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“asilverbullet”inparagraph2mean?A.Ariskyinvestment. B.Abusinessstrategy. C.Aquick-fixmethod. D.Acure-allsolution.題型04常識聯(lián)想法在僅靠分析篇章內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系和語境無法猜出詞義時，我們可以借助生活經(jīng)驗和普通常識確定詞義。閱讀題文段題材豐富，涉及社會、科普、政治、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、生活、風(fēng)俗等多方面知識。(河南省九師聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三11月質(zhì)量檢測試題)Childrenaretaughtthatthepolitethingtodoisalwayssay“please”.Today’sbabiesareeventaughtitusingsignlanguage.Buthowoftendoyoureallysay“please”ineverydayconversations?AnewresearchpublishedinSocialPsychologyQuarterlyfoundpeopleusedtheword“please”whenmakingarequestonly7%ofthetime.“Wedefinitelyweresurprisedbytheresults,”saysTanyaStivers,aprofessorofsociologyatUniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngelesandoneoftheauthorsofthestudy.“Havingsuchalownumberfeelscounterintuitive.”........12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”inparagraph2mean?A.Thesameasthefact. B.Contrarytocommonsense.C.Reasonabletoaccept. D.Difficulttodisagreewith.題型05例舉法通過一些例子說明生詞的詞義,用suchas,forexample,like,forinstance等來引出。在特定的情況下，作者通過一連串同一類型或范疇的詞語來表達(dá)其思想，如果有一生詞就在一系列同范疇的詞語中，可以通過這些詞的特征和語義范圍來推斷出生詞的詞義范圍。(陜西省西安市2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第四次月考英語試卷)Mariaisa10-year-oldelementaryschoolstudentwhocomeshomewithringinginherears—asignofhearingloss—afterattendingaprograminherschoolhall.Thereare“Marias”ineveryschoolintheUS.TwentypercentofAmericankidswillsufferpermanenthearinglossduetonoisebytheageofnineteen.Actuallynoise－induced(噪音誘發(fā)的)hearingloss(NIHL)isanepidemicintheUS.Nownationwidethereareaboutfiftymillionpeoplesufferingit.Eachofushasapproximately18,000tinyhaircellsinourinnerearsthattransmit(傳輸)soundviatheauditorynerve(聽覺神經(jīng))toourbrains.Whenexposedtodangerouslyloudsound,someofthesehaircellsbecomedamagedanddie.Thisisusuallypain-freeandoftenhappenssograduallythatwearenotawareofourhearingloss.Thenoneday,wewakeupandfindthatwehaveseverelyandpermanentlydamagedourabilitytohear............1．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Thereare‘Marias’ineveryschoolintheUS”？A．ManygirlsattendprogramsrunbyUSschools.B．Mariaisacommonlyusednameinthecountry.C．PermanenthearinglossiscommoninUSschools.D．PermanenthearinglossishardtoavoidinUSschools.題型06語境線索法根據(jù)綜合語境，通過一定的語言邏輯關(guān)系，加以推理判斷，從而理解生詞詞義。閱讀題文段題材豐富。涉及社會、科普、政治、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)、歷史、生活、風(fēng)俗等多方面知識。解閱讀題時，也要根據(jù)英語國家社會文化背景等，作出正確的判斷。(2025屆浙江省紹興市諸暨市高三上學(xué)期一?？荚囉⒄Z試題)Glassisreferredtoasamaterialwhichcaninfinitelyberecycledwithoutitimpactingitsquality,purityordurability.Recycledglasscanbecrushedintoglasspieces,whichcanbemelteddownandusedtoproducemoreglass.Glassusedforpackaginghasahighrecyclingratecomparedtootherpackagingmaterials.InEurope,theaverageglassrecyclingrateis76%,comparedto41%forplasticpackagingand31%forwoodenpackaging.Whenglassisleftinthenaturalenvironment,itislesslikelytocausepollutionthanplastic.Unlikeplastics,whichbreakdownintomicroplasticsthatcangetintosoilsandwater,glassisnon-toxic.“Glassismainlymadeofsilica,whichisanaturalsubstance,”saysFranziskaTrautmann,theco-founderofGlassHalfFull,aNewOrleans-basedcompanythatrecyclesglassintosandthatcanbeusedforcoastalrestorationanddisasterrelief.Silica,alsoknownassilicadioxide,makesup59%oftheEarth’scrust.Sinceitisanaturalcompound,thereisnoconcernaboutenvironmentaldegradation...........29.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A.Damage. B.Conservation. C.Assessment. D.Transformation.題型07構(gòu)詞法在英語中，有很多詞可以通過增加前綴和后綴的方式，構(gòu)成新詞。乍看起來，這個詞可能是新詞，但在掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識之后，就不難猜出它的詞義。中學(xué)英語常見的前綴和后綴有：super-超;過于 inter-互相;在…之間 micro-極微小的re-再,反復(fù) sub-次于...,在…底下 co-共同post-(在…之)后 pre-(在…之)前 trans-超越；轉(zhuǎn)換under-在之…下；低于； anti-反；防(止) mis-不；非un/in/im/ir-dis-不；非;無 non-不；非 Sino-中國(人)的-able可被…的 -hood狀態(tài)；性質(zhì)；時期 -ish如…的；有點兒…的-proof防…的；抗…的 -ship身份；資格；權(quán)力； -some引起…的;產(chǎn)生…的-wards向 -less不能…的；無…的(安徽省卓越聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中考試英語試題)It’stoughenoughtobeawomantravelingalone,butonemomwasespeciallynervousabouttakingatripwithherone-year-old.Howwouldshemanageinastrangeplacewithoutherusualsupportnetwork?Whataboutthedangersofsolo(單獨的)travel?Theseweredefinitelyreasonableconcerns,butthismomfoundthatpeoplearesometimeskinderthanyouexpectthemtobe.Inavideoonsocialmedia,thewomanrecountedthemanystrangerswhohelpedherwhileshewastravelingalone.Keepingatoddlerentertainedduringalongtripcanbeachallenge,sothemomwasrelievedwhenothertravelersplayedwithherson.Oneelderlymanevenheldthelittleboyonhislapsothathecouldseeoutthewindow!Obviously,thebiggestconcernforawomantravelingaloneissafety.Luckily,thismomencounteredsomereallysweetpeoplewhowerehappytolookoutforherandherson.AnUberdriver,forexample,didn’twantthesetwotobestuckatthestationlateatnight,soheletthemstayinhiscaruntiltheirtrainarrived...........5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“recounted”inparagraph2mean?A.Identified. B.Described. C.Impressed. D.Satisfied.題型01對比法(2024年全國高考英語甲卷B篇節(jié)選).............Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!6.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster. C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter.題型02因果法(2024年1月浙江省高考英語B篇節(jié)選)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall

—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago,right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas…2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore”youngprofessional”..............4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Theplay. B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox.題型03常識聯(lián)想法(2021年6月新高考2卷B篇）IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon’tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I’vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn’tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey’dgetuptomischief.We’dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey’dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren’tthere.I’mnotsadaboutit.I'mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.題型04例舉法(2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語I卷C篇節(jié)選)...........Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks–likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage–toonesthatrequirementalabstraction–suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.............28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.題型05語境線索法(2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語II卷D篇節(jié)選)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow-severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse................12.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated. B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent. D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.A（2024·河北石家莊·一模）IoftenwakeuptomyalarmafterashortnightandstepoutofbedtoadayI’vefoughtthroughcountlesstimes.Irushmymorningroutineandruntomycar.Myradioswitchestomyfavoritesong,butIhavetolistentoanaudible(可聽的)bookforanassignmentduetomorrow.WhenIgettoschool,IstartwithSpanish,myhardestclass.Despitebeingaroundallyear,Ihavenocluewhat’sgoingon.IthenwalktomyEnglishclass,inwhichIwasstuckinthelanguagerules.Theassignmentstakemuchenergythatmyperfectionistnatureisunabletotakeoninschool,soIsavethemforlater,mostprobablylateatnight.Thisismyrealityasastudentwithdyslexia,alearningdisorderinreadingandspelling:assignmentsthattakethreetimesaslongasthey’remeantto,latenightsandearlymorningstoevenslightlykeepupwithmyclasses.IwastoldthatAdvancedPlacementU.S.Historywouldbemyhardestclass.Buthere,Iaminmyelement.Despitebeingthreeassignmentsbehind,I’mactivelyengaged.Yes,mypassionforhistoryheightensmyfocus,butmyteacher’swillingnesstoworkwithmeiswhatallowsmetoflyhigh.Teachersneedtoofferalternativestructuresthatmakelearningmoreaccessible.I’vehadteacherswhoteachlecture-basedclasseswherestudentsareexpectedtotakenotesandlisten.Asastudentwithdyslexia,thisdoesn’twork.Afixforthatisassimpleasprovidingalternativeresources:aslideshowstudentscangobacktoafterclass,orperhapsevenanactivitythatfurtherplayswiththeconcepts.Now,manyschoolsareshiftingtoapproachesthatmeettheneedsofallkids.However,advocacyworkcanstillbedonetosupportstudentswithdyslexia.Ifschoolsystemsarewillingtoprovidesupportandeducationbycreatinganaccessibleclassstructurefromthestart,studentswon’tbestuckintoacademictracksthatdon’tpushthemtotheirfullpotential.1．Whydoestheauthorhavetodohishomeworklateatnight?A．Heisassignedextrahomework. B．Hefailstomanagehissparetime.C．Heneedstimetodoitwellenough. D．Hedislikestasksrelatedtolanguages.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“inmyelement”inparagraph4mean?A．Burningthemidnightoil. B．BitingoffmorethanIcanchew.C．Feelinglikeafishinwater. D．Havingbutterfliesinmystomach.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkoflecture-basedclasses?A．Satisfying. B．Inspiring. C．Rewarding. D．Demanding.4．Whatdoestheauthoradviseschoolstodoforstudents?A．Offerclasseswithalternatives. B．Askeducationalexpertstogivelectures.C．Advocateout-of-classactivities. D．Getteacherstrainedinspecialeducation.B（2024·浙江紹興·一模）Glassisreferredtoasamaterialwhichcaninfinitelyberecycledwithoutitimpactingitsquality,purityordurability.Recycledglasscanbecrushedintoglasspieces,whichcanbemelteddownandusedtoproducemoreglass.Glassusedforpackaginghasahighrecyclingratecomparedtootherpackagingmaterials.InEurope,theaverageglassrecyclingrateis76%,comparedto41%forplasticpackagingand31%forwoodenpackaging.Whenglassisleftinthenaturalenvironment,itislesslikelytocausepollutionthanplastic.Unlikeplastics,whichbreakdownintomicroplasticsthatcangetintosoilsandwater,glassisnon-toxic.“Glassismainlymadeofsilica,whichisanaturalsubstance,”saysFranziskaTrautmann,theco-founderofGlassHalfFull,aNewOrleans-basedcompanythatrecyclesglassintosandthatcanbeusedforcoastalrestorationanddisasterrelief.Silica,alsoknownassilicadioxide,makesup59%oftheEarth’scrust.Sinceitisanaturalcompound,thereisnoconcernaboutenvironmentaldegradation.However,glassrequireshighertemperaturesthanplasticandaluminumtomeltandform,saysAliceBrock,aPhDresearcheratUniversityofSouthamptonintheUK.Rawmaterialsformakingvirginglassalsoreleasegreenhousegasesduringthemeltingprocess,addingtoitsenvironmentalfootprint.AccordingtotheInternationalEnergyAgency,thecontainerandflat-glassindustriesemitover60megatonsofCO2peryear.Akeyproblemwithglassrecyclingisthatitinvolvestheremeltingprocess,whichisthemostenergyintensivepartofglassproduction.Itaccountsfor75%oftheenergyconsumptionduringproduction.Eventhoughglasscontainerscanbereusedanaverageof12-20times,glassisoftentreatedassingle-use.Single-useglassdisposedofatlandfillscantakeuptoonemillionyearstodecompose.Sothenexttimeyouwanttodropaglassbottle,perhapsconsiderreusingitfirst.Glassisaresilient,long-lastingmaterialthatisnotmadetobethrownawayafteronlybeingusedonce.5．Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?A．Glassproduction. B．Glassrestoration. C．Glassprospect. D．Glassrecycling.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Damage. B．Conservation. C．Assessment. D．Transformation.7．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph3?A．Glassmeltingprocessiscomplicated. B．Glassreducesenvironmentalfootprint.C．Glassitemsaremeantforpermanentuse. D．Glassproductionconsumesmuchenergy.8．Whydoestheauthoradvocatereuseofglasscontainers?A．Toconfirmtheirdurability. B．Tosuggestbeingeconomical.C．Topromotethegreenidea. D．Toproposeanewenergyplan.C（2024·湖南長沙·模擬預(yù)測）Weallnoticebrightcolors.Peoplewhochoosetogoeye-catching,whethertheyexpressthemselvesthroughclothesoraccessories(配飾),heareverythingfrom“Nooneisgoingtomissyouattheparty”to“Iwouldneverhavethecouragetowearthat.”Butaccordingtoresearch,thosecommentsmaybebothaccurateandexpected.AdamD．PazdaandChristopherA．Thorstensonexaminedhowweperceivepeopleatfirstimpressionwhowearbrightcolors.Theyspecificallyexaminedtheeffectofchroma(色度).Theyfoundthattargets,bothmaleandfemale,whowerewearingorsurroundedbyhigh-chromacolorswereperceivedasmoreopenandoutgoingthaninalow-chromasetting.Theyconcludedthatchromaisavariableofperceptionthatcaninfluencefirstimpressionsofpersonality.Drillingdownfurther,theyfoundthathigh-chromacolorsstrengthenedviewerperspectiveofopennessandextraversion(外向),butnototherpersonalities.Theseobservationsareimportantbecausesomejobresponsibilitiescapitalizeonsomeofthepersonalitiesinferredthroughbrightcolors.PazdaandThorstensonrecognizewhatjobseekersnodoubtconsiderastheylookforacareertomatchtheirpersonalnature:insomeoccupations,successisfueledbypossessingcertainpersonalityqualities.Theygiveexamplesofindustriessuchassalesandmarketingaswellascustomerserviceasfieldswhereextravertsthrive(繁榮).Accordingly,applicantsforthesepositionsmaybeviewedmorefavorablyandjudgedasmorecompetentiftheywearhighlychromaticclothing.Regardingthegeneralityoftheirresults,PazdaandThorstensonnotethatoneofthelimitationsoftheirstudywastheiruseofparticipantslivingintheUnitedStates,whichmeanstheirfindingsmaynotpredictresultsinothercultures.Theynotethepossibilitythatchromamayinfluencetheperceptionofpersonalitydifferentlyinnon-Westerncountries,andthathigh-chromaclothingmaybeseenasconflictingwithsocialconventionsinothercultures.Thepracticaltakeaway,atleastintheUnitedStates,appearstobethatbrightcolors,likethepeacock’stail,willgetyounoticed.Butdependingonyourgoals,considertailoringyourchromatothecircumstances,personallyandprofessionally.9．Whatisthefocusofthestudymentionedinthepassage?A．Theculturalimplicationsofhighchromacolors.B．Theinfluenceofclothingonviewerperceptions.C．Theimpactofhighchromacolorsonfirstimpression.D．Thepossibleconnectionbetweenclothingandjobsuitability.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“capitalizeon”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Weighon. B．Drawon. C．Makeupfor. D．Giveriseto.11．Whatcanwelearnaboutthefindingsofthestudyaccordingtothepassage?A．Highchromacolorsenhanceviewerperspectiveofallpersonalities.B．Theculturallyspecificfindingsofthestudycontributetoitslimitations.C．Thechromaapersonwearscaninfluencetheformationofhisorherpersonality.D．High-chromacolorshaveaconsistentimpactontheperceptionofpersonalityglobally.12．Whatisthepracticaladvicegivenbytheauthorinthelastparagraph?A．Reservebrightcolorsforsocialevents.B．Alwayswearbrightcolorstobenoticed.C．Avoidbrightcolorsinprofessionalsettings.D．Usebrightcolorsstrategicallybasedonyourgoals.D（2024·浙江紹興·一模）Yourownexperienceofrevisingforexamsmighttellyouthatsessionsofuninterruptedconcentrationcanhelpyoutobetterrememberkeypiecesofinformation.Indeed,manystudentswillengageinintensiverevisionjustbeforeatest—inthebeliefthatessentialsubjectfactsandfigureswillbememorizedreadyforexamday.However,thiscommonlyheldwisdomhasbeencontradictedbyanobservationmadeinapsychologicalstudy.NowknownastheZeigarnikeffect,itwasfoundthatinterruptionduringataskthatrequiresfocuscaninfactimproveaperson’sabilitytorememberitafterwards.ThepsychologistBlumaZeigarmikobservedtheeffectofinterruptiononmemoryprocessingin1927.Intheexperiment,sheaskedeachparticipanttocompleteaseriesofseparatetasks,suchassolvingapuzzleorassemblingaflat-packbox.Duringaroundhalfoftheassignments,participantsweresubtlyinterruptedbytheexperimentsupervisor,whileduringtheremainingtasks,theywereallowedtimetocompletethemuninterrupted.Followingtheexperiment,Zeigarnikinterviewedeachparticipant,askingthemtorecalldetailsofeachtaskthattheyhadattempted.Zeigarnik’sinitialfindingsrevealedthatparticipantswereabletorecalldetailsofinterruptedtasksaround90%betterthanthosewhohadbeenabletocompleteundisturbed.Theseresultssuggestthatadesiretocompleteataskcancauseittoberetainedinaperson’smemoryuntilithasbeencompleted,andthatthefinalityofitscompletionenablestheprocessofforgettingittotakeplace.OnewayofemployingtheZeigarnikeffectwhenattemptingtomemorizeadetailedpieceofinformation,suchasalongphonenumber,orwhenrevisingasubject,mightbetoavoidtryingtorememberitinitsentiretyinonesitting.Takealookattheinformation,familiarizeyourselfwithit,then“interruptyourself”—lookawayfromwhereitiswrittenforafewmomentsandthinkofsomethingelse,beforereturningafewmoretimestorememberchunksofthenumber.Finally,piecethese