第四講　無提示詞之連詞-析成分記用法判定句子連詞2025高考英語大二輪專題四　語法填空

2025高考英語大二輪專題四語法填空第四講無提示詞之連詞——析成分，記用法，判定句子連詞依據(jù)句際關(guān)系來考查并列句和三大從句，是高考語法填空的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，也是考生的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。分析句子成分，牢記從句用法是解題的關(guān)鍵?！舅季S導(dǎo)圖】——連詞解題2大宏觀思維方向并列連詞【典例】限時(shí)3分鐘，體會(huì)并列連詞的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhethertobiteasmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue(舌頭).2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelopandtoseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.3.(2022·全國乙卷)The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(發(fā)布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperationandculturalexchanges.4.(2021·全國甲卷)Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.5.(2021·浙江6月卷)AlthoughMarylovedflowers,neithershenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.6.(2020·浙江1月卷)It’salsothattheyareonaveragehealthierandmoreproductiveforlonger.【圖解技巧】【解題規(guī)則】1.表示并列或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的有：and,both...and...(兩者都),notonly...but(also)...(不但……而且……)等。2.表示選擇關(guān)系的有：or,either...or...(或者……或者……)，neither...nor...(既不……也不……)等。3.表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系的有：but，yet，while(而，然而)，not...but...(不是……而是……)等。4.表示因果關(guān)系的有：so,for等。從句引導(dǎo)詞在語法填空中，從句引導(dǎo)詞的考查涉及三大從句，即定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句。了解三大從句引導(dǎo)詞的意義和用法是解題的關(guān)鍵。【思維導(dǎo)圖】【典例】限時(shí)4分鐘，體會(huì)定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。1.(2023·全國甲卷)“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmericawherealllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco－existencewithitssurroundings，”herfablebegins，borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage－oldfables.2.(2023·全國乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacewhich/thatwelcomesthefast－paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st－centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.3.(2022·全國甲卷)Onthe1，100－kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,wholosthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.4.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespeciesthatlivewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.5.(2021·天津3月卷改編)AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstandswhereartistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.6.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)InancientChinalivedanartistwhosepaintingswerealmostlifelike.7.(2023·濟(jì)南高三英語模擬)Itwasahuman’sturnonMarch16，whenadoctorintheChinesecityofSanyaputadeviceintothebrainofapatientnearly1，900milesawayinBeijing.【解題規(guī)則】1.關(guān)系代詞定語從句中缺主語或者賓語時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞：(1)that/which(用來指物)注意：介詞之后或引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，只用which。(2)who/whom/that(用來指人)注意：whom只能作賓語，介詞之后只用whom。(3)whose作定語，可修飾人或物，表先行詞和定語從句的主語之間的所屬關(guān)系。(4)as可指人或物(常用于句首)。2.關(guān)系副詞(1)引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語，用關(guān)系副詞when，where，why。(2)牢記case，climate，scene，atmosphere，stage，situation，spot，position，point等名詞作先行詞，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句。3.“介詞＋which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句中不缺主語或賓語時(shí)，常常用“介詞＋which(指物)/whom(指人)”代替關(guān)系副詞。其中介詞的選擇遵循以下原則：(1)看與先行詞的搭配；(2)看與從句謂語的搭配；(3)看句意。【典例】限時(shí)3分鐘，體會(huì)狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。1.(2020·浙江1月卷)IwasrunningsofastthatIbouncedoffthetrunkandlandedonmybackside.2.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)When/Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.3.(全國Ⅱ卷)ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhenIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.4.(全國Ⅱ卷)Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentswereuntilIenteredhighschool.5.(全國Ⅲ卷)Overtime,as/whenthepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.6.(2023·揚(yáng)州高三月考)Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemonthsbeforehecouldrecoverandreturntowork.【解題規(guī)則】1.句意法確定狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞(1)while/when/as/since/before/after/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句(2)if/unless/once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句(3)though/although/while/as/whatever/whoever/however引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句(4)where/wherever引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句(5)because/since/as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句2.固定句式法確定狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞(1)so/such...that...如此……以至于……(2)not...until...直到……才……(3)Itwas/wasn’t＋一段時(shí)間＋before...過了多少時(shí)間才/沒過多長時(shí)間就……(4)Itissometime(一段時(shí)間)＋since...自從……多長時(shí)間(5)whether...ornot...無論……還是……【典例】限時(shí)3分鐘，體會(huì)名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)TheyalsoneedtobereadytogiveinterviewsinEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.ThisiswhytheyneedanEnglishtrainer.2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“Hesavedmyson’slife，”saidMrs.Brown.“Idon’tknowhowtothankhim.”3.(2022·浙江1月卷)Cobb,forherpart，startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeakwhether/ifshecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree－quartersofthetime,theyagreed.4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.Whatissobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout－of－this－worldscenes.5.(2021·北京卷改編)Thepoorwomanwasn’tabletogivehimanyinformationaboutwhereshelived.【解題規(guī)則】1.從句不缺任何成分且句子意義完整，考慮用that引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，此時(shí)that沒有詞義，也不作任何成分。2.從句不缺成分，有疑問，表“是否”時(shí)，用whether引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，if只可用于動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中。3.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，缺少主語、賓語、表語時(shí)用連接代詞what，who，whom，which，whatever，whichever，whoever等。4.缺少狀語(結(jié)合句意判斷)時(shí)用連接副詞where(表地點(diǎn))，when(表時(shí)間)，how(表方式或程度)，why(表原因)等。5.it作形式主語或形式賓語的名詞性從句要牢記。連詞題集中特訓(xùn)Ⅰ.專項(xiàng)演練解題提示：認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，先判斷是否填連詞，再根據(jù)句意確定填哪個(gè)連詞。1.(2023·金麗衢十二校第二次聯(lián)考)InEnglish,thereisafamousphrase：“EyeoftheTiger”，whichmeansfiercenessandstrength.2.(2023·揚(yáng)州高三模擬)ThereisevidencethatacupuncturebeganduringtheStoneAge,whenstonetoolscalledbianwereusedtopressareasofthebody.3.(2023·邯鄲高三上學(xué)期摸底考試)AsI’monly16,andhavenoyoungersiblings,Ihaveneverhadanyexperienceofworkingwithchildrenbefore.IhadnoideahowIcouldspendthosedays.4.(2023·泰州高三第二次調(diào)研)ThedayoftheSpringEquinoxiswhenthesunisdirectlyabovetheequator.5.(2023·寶雞高考模擬二)Intheearly20thcentury,HenryFord,thefounderoftheHenryFordMotorCompany,probablyneverimaginedwhathisproductionsystemwouldmeantotheworld.6.(2023·稽陽聯(lián)考)Artistsmighthavesunkintoastatewheretheyforgotthemselves,didn’tneedtothinkandlosttrackoftime,andinspirationswouldjust“flowout”especiallysinceIdon’tspeakPortuguese.7.(2023·綿陽一診)ThereisanoldcustominsouthernChinathatpeopledrinkteaonthedayofGrainRain.8.(2023·荊州高三第一次模擬)DuringtheHanera,thepopulartheoryoflanguagewasthatusingthecorrectnamesforthingswasessentialforpropergovernment.9.(2023·蘇州高三調(diào)研)Becausetheyaresorare,muchofwhatweknowaboutpandascomesfromstudyingthesezooanimals.10.(2023·哈師大附中高三模擬)Therearedoubtswhetherthenewdrugwillbeeffectiveintreatingthedisease.11.(2023·南通高三第二次調(diào)研)Theserelics，datingfromtheSpringandAutumnPeriodtotheQingDynasty，includedavarietyofitems，mostofwhichareplates，vasesandfigurines.12.(2023·重慶南開中學(xué)高三質(zhì)檢)“Whetherit’sahugecommercialsuccessornot,thisfilmrepresentsagreatattemptintoexploringreality－themedChineseanimatedfilmproduction，”readsaWeibopost.13.(2023·昆明第一中學(xué)高三下期月考)While/Though/Althoughasignificantnumberofjaguarssurvivehere,theyareonlyoneelementofthisforest’sfoodchain.Theyfeedonatleast87species,includingfrogs.14.(2023·孝感高考模擬)Apartfromthat,thedecoratedresumesdolittlehelptofindajobbecausemostHRmanagerspaymoreattentiontoskills.15.(2023·長沙第二次模擬)I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverwhich/thatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.16.(2023·泰州高三第一次調(diào)研)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.17.(2023·福州高三第二次質(zhì)檢)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479 B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.18.(2023·溫州十校聯(lián)考)Theteachertriestocreateanatmospherewherehisstudentscancommunicateeffectively.19.(2023·石家莊高三質(zhì)檢)SearchenginessearchtheInternetbasedonthekeywordsyoutypein,andchoosesuchwebpagesforyouascontainthewordsyouaskfor.20.(2023·南京高三第一次調(diào)研)Itwas1897whenaEuropeanchemistcalledDr.FelixHoffmanproducedaspirinfromthischemical.Ⅱ.模擬沖關(guān)解題提示：解題時(shí)，請(qǐng)尤其關(guān)注連詞填空題。(2023·南通高三第二次調(diào)研)WheneverSongJingvisitsamuseum,sheneverfailstocheckoutthesectiononancientbooks.Inadditiontoappreciatingthewisdomhiddeninthosehistoricalvolumes,shefocuseson1.____________theywerejoinedandpresented.Song2.____________(work)intherestorationdivisionforancientbooksattheNationalLibraryofChinainBeijingforeightyears.Theseasonscomeandgooutsideherworkshop,buttimeisrelativeforSongandherfellowrestorers.Theirworkiscalculatednotthrough“years”3.____________“l(fā)ifetimes”.Theflowoftimemaybehardlyfeltexceptthroughtheyellowingpagesandthegrayingofhair.Theprimaryobjectiveofancientbookrestorationis4.____________(extend)thelifeperiodofthedocument.The5.____________(high)thesimilaritybetweentheoriginalandtherestorationmaterials,themoreconsistenttheirrateofagingwillbe,andthusthebettertheancientbookscan6.____________(preserve).Asachild,Songwasfascinatedby7._______________(documentary)abouttheworld’sculturalrelicsandbecamedeeplyinterestedinantiquerestoration.Shespenthoursresearchingculturalrelics,8.____________(frequent)localmuseumsandreadingrelatedbooks.Itusuallytakesatleasttwotothreeyearsfromlearningandfollowingamaster9.____________onecanindependentlyleadarestorationproject.“AncientChinesecivilizationhasleftbehindavastnumberofbooks,manyof10.____________requirerestoration，”Songsays.“Hopefully,Icaninspiremoreyoungpeopletofindtheirlifelongpassioninthefieldofculturalheritagepreservation.”【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報(bào)道。介紹了宋靜為什么從事文物修復(fù)，以及它的意義所在。1.how[考查名詞性從句。句意：除了欣賞隱藏在這些歷史卷中的智慧，她還關(guān)注它們是如何被連接和呈現(xiàn)的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中句意完整，所以應(yīng)該用連接副詞引導(dǎo)，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該用how引導(dǎo)。故填how。]2.hasbeenworking/hasworked[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：宋在北京中國國家圖書館古籍修復(fù)部工作了8年。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，所以work作本句謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語foreightyears，因不知是否還在繼續(xù)工作，所以既可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填hasbeenworking或者h(yuǎn)asworked。]3.but[考查并列連詞。句意：他們的工作不是用“年”而是用“一生”來計(jì)算的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，根據(jù)前文的“years”和后文的“l(fā)ifetimes”可知兩者是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用but連接。故填but。]4.toextend[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：古籍修復(fù)的首要目標(biāo)是延長文獻(xiàn)的生命周期。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句已有謂語動(dòng)詞is，所以extend應(yīng)該用非謂語形式，根據(jù)句意，此處是表目的，應(yīng)該用不定式作表語。故填toextend。]5.higher[考查比較等級(jí)。句意：原始材料與修復(fù)材料的相似性越高，其老化速率越一致，古籍的保存也就越好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查固定句型：“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”意為“越……就越……”。故填higher。]6.bepreserved[考查語態(tài)。句意同上題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，所以preserve作本句謂語動(dòng)詞，主語是books，兩者間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，空前是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，所以空后應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形。故填bepreserved。]7.documentaries[考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：小時(shí)候，宋靜就被關(guān)于世界文物的紀(jì)錄片迷住了，并對(duì)古董修復(fù)產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前后都是介詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞，documentary為名詞，意為“紀(jì)錄片”，是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)填復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填documentaries。]8.frequenting[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：她花了很多時(shí)間研究文物，經(jīng)常逛當(dāng)?shù)夭┪镳^，閱讀相關(guān)書籍。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是排比，考查固定搭配：spendtime(in)doingsth，空處和researching一起作賓語，所以空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)名詞形式。故填frequenting。]9.before[考查狀語從句。句意：從學(xué)習(xí)和跟隨大師到能夠獨(dú)立領(lǐng)導(dǎo)修復(fù)項(xiàng)目，通常需要至少兩到三年的時(shí)間。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查固定句型：“Ittakes＋一段時(shí)間＋before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句”意為“過了多久才……”。故填before。]10.which[考查定語從句。句意：“中國古代文明留下了大量的書籍，其中許多需要修復(fù)，”宋說。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是books，在從句中作賓語，用which引導(dǎo)。故填which。](2023·廣州統(tǒng)考一模)TheGrandCanalisthelongestand1.____________(old)canalintheworld.ItformsavastinlandwaterwaysysteminChina,runningfromthecapitalBeijinginthenorth2.____________ZhejiangProvinceinthesouth.3.____________(construct)insectionsfromthe5thcenturyBCEandcompletedandmaintainedbyseveral4.____________(dynasty),itformedthebackboneofChina’sinlandcommunicationssystem,whichenabledthesupplyofrice5.____________(feed)thepopulation.TheGrandCanalreachedanewpeakinthe13thcentury,providinganinlandshippingnetworkconsistingofmorethan2，000kmofartificialwaterways,6.____________linkedfiveofthemostimportantriverbasinsinChina,includingtheHuangheRiverandtheChangjiangRiver.Still7.____________majormeansofinternalcommunicationtoday,it8.____________(play)animportantroleinensuringtheprosperity(繁榮)andstabilityofChinaovertheages.TheGrandCanalbearswitnesstoaremarkableandearlydevelopmentofhydraulicengineering(水利工程).Itisanessentialtechnologicalachievement9.____________(date)frombeforetheIndustrialRevolution.Itisaperfectexampleofdealingwithdifficultnaturalconditions,asisreflectedinthemanyconstructionsthatare10.____________(full)adaptedtothediversityandcomplexityofcircumstances.ItbestdemonstratesthetechnicalcapabilitiesofEasterncivilizations.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要介紹了京杭大運(yùn)河。1.oldest[考查比較等級(jí)。句意：大運(yùn)河是世界上最長和最古老的運(yùn)河。分析句子可知，空處和longest并列，也用最高級(jí)，譯為“大運(yùn)河是世界上最長和最古老的運(yùn)河”，故填oldest。]2.to[考查介詞。句意：它在中國形成了一個(gè)龐大的內(nèi)河航道系統(tǒng)，北起首都北京，南至浙江省。分析句子可知，前文runningfrom...和to搭配，譯為“從首都北京到浙江省”，故填to。]3.Constructed[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：它從公元前5世紀(jì)開始分段建造，由幾個(gè)朝代完成和維護(hù)，形成了中國內(nèi)陸交通系統(tǒng)的支柱，使大米的供應(yīng)能夠養(yǎng)活人口。分析句子可知，空處的邏輯主語為句子主語it，指代前面的大運(yùn)河，提示詞為“建造”，大運(yùn)河被建造，用過去分詞Constructed。故填Constructed。]4.dynasties[考查名詞的數(shù)。分析句子可知，dynasty為可數(shù)名詞，因前面有several“一些”，所以dynasty用復(fù)數(shù)，故填dynasties。]5.tofeed[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，根據(jù)固定搭配enablesb/sthtodo，且feed后面有賓語thepopulation，所以用主動(dòng)，故填tofeed。]6.which[考查定語從句。句意：大運(yùn)河在13世紀(jì)達(dá)到了一個(gè)新的高峰，提供了一個(gè)由2000多公里人工水道組成的內(nèi)河航運(yùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，連接了中國五個(gè)最重要的流域，包括黃河和長江。分析句子可知，空格在從句中作主語，放在逗號(hào)后面，為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，指代前面的network，故填which。]7.a[考查冠詞。句意：今天，它仍然是國內(nèi)交流的主要手段，在確保中國歷代繁榮和穩(wěn)定方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。分析句子可知，means為單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，表示泛指，major首字母的發(fā)音為輔音音素，冠詞為a。故填a。]8.hasplayed[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語“overtheages”可知，該空用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語it為單數(shù)，故填hasplayed。]9.dating[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子可知，datefrom“追溯到”，非謂語作定語，意為“追溯到工業(yè)革命之前的成就”，用主動(dòng)，故填dating。]10.fully[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：這是處理困難自然條件的完美例子，這反映在許多完全適應(yīng)環(huán)境多樣性和復(fù)雜性的建筑中。分析句子可知，副詞fully作狀語。故填fully。]第一講有提示詞之動(dòng)詞類——立足三大類型，破解千變動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞提示類設(shè)空是歷年高考的必考點(diǎn)，也是難點(diǎn)之一。因此備考時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞提示類的訓(xùn)練仍是重中之重?！舅季S導(dǎo)圖】——?jiǎng)釉~提示類宏觀思維3大方向第一節(jié)立足3大著眼點(diǎn)，全面出擊謂語動(dòng)詞題【思維導(dǎo)圖】——謂語動(dòng)詞題3大思維方向動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)——4法破解謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)【典例】限時(shí)5分鐘，體會(huì)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。1.(2023·全國乙卷)Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,means(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.2.(2022·全國甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears，Caohas__walked(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents，andin2016，hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro，Africa’shighestmountain.3.(2022·全國乙卷)Tocelebratethefestival，anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSocietyaddressed(address)theopeningceremony.4.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henrywas__fixing(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.5.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)When/Asheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist，theysmiledandpointed(point)downtheriver.6.(2020·浙江7月卷)Byabout6000BC，peoplehad__discovered(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.7.(2023·江西省名校聯(lián)合測評(píng))Chinahas__promoted(promote)itsownapproachtoclimategovernancethathighlightsgreenrecoverysofar.8.(2023·衢州一中高三一模)Hopinghewouldnotbeseen,Bobrushedin，picked(pick)uphisbookandrushedout.9.(2023·沈陽高三監(jiān)測)Iwas__driving(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.【圖解技巧】【解題規(guī)則】1.時(shí)間標(biāo)志法認(rèn)清?？紩r(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：since，recently，lately，already，yet，inthelast/pastfewyears，sofar/uptonow，for＋時(shí)間段，eversince等。(2)過去完成時(shí)：by＋過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如bythen，bytheendoflastyear等。(3)一般過去時(shí)：yesterday,lastyear,in2022,twodaysago,一段時(shí)間＋later等。2.語境暗示法從近幾年高考來看，時(shí)態(tài)主要是通過語境暗示解題。通過正確理解語境，尤其是上下文的時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)照，是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的一條行之有效的方法。3.并列謂語法同一個(gè)主語的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語，謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要一致。常見的并列連詞有and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等。4.固定句式法掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時(shí)要積累并熟記一些常用句式。(1)was/weredoingsthwhen＋一般過去時(shí)(2)had(just)donesthwhen＋一般過去時(shí)(3)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethat＋過去完成時(shí)動(dòng)詞語態(tài)——主謂邏輯關(guān)系定語態(tài)【典例】限時(shí)3分鐘，體會(huì)動(dòng)詞語態(tài)的用法。1.(2023·全國甲卷)Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteraryformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstillbe__employed(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.2.(2022·浙江1月卷)Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike—frequentlybyplane—is__viewed/has__been__viewed(view)asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.3.(2021·全國甲卷)TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.Itwas__built(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù)).4.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Theartistwassurehewouldbe__chosen(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.5.(2023·河南省名校聯(lián)考)Themedalsare__called(call)“Tongxin”，meaning“togetherasone”，andfeaturefiveconcentric(同心的)ringsrepresentingthetraditionalChinesethoughtofharmonybetweenheaven,earthandhumanbeings.【圖解技巧】【解題規(guī)則】1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)(bedone)(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are＋done(2)一般過去時(shí)：was/were＋done(3)一般將來時(shí)：willbe＋done(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are＋being＋done(5)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was/were＋being＋done(6)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has＋been＋done(7)過去完成時(shí)：had＋been＋done2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋bedone主謂一致——主謂一致解題3原則【典例】限時(shí)5分鐘，體會(huì)主謂一致的用法。1.(2023·全國乙卷)Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,Iwas__amazed(amaze)bytheco－existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwere(be)previouslyunprotected.3.(2022·北京卷)Theuseofthoseplasticshas__increased(increase)by300%since2019.Theworldwon’tsurviveifthissituationcontinues.4.(2022·浙江1月卷)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists—have__promised(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.5.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I’dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwrotetowas(be)AlaskaAirlines.6.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarries(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearthcomingbacktolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.7.(2019·全國Ⅰ卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthave__reported(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements.8.(2023·武漢七校高三聯(lián)考)However,thereisroomforconstantimprovement,assomepartsoftheC919are__imported(import)fromtheWest.9.(2023·長郡中學(xué)高三模擬)Wearcomfortableshoes,andmostofall,enjoythebeautyofnaturethatsurrounds(surround)youinthisamazingChinesemountain!【圖解技巧】【解題規(guī)則】1.語法一致原則(1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。(2)就遠(yuǎn)原則：主語后跟有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，inadditionto，like,but，except，ratherthan，including等引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí)，要考慮謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與前面的主語保持一致。(3)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who，which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與主句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。2.就近一致原則(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，看到主語由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...，not...but...等連接時(shí)，要考慮就近原則確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，看到there,here引起的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。3.意義一致原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(2)動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、名詞性從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。

第二節(jié)運(yùn)用5大妙法，巧妙判定非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞看似是比較難以掌握的語法，但是只要抓住了三種非謂語動(dòng)詞的本質(zhì)用法，很多問題便會(huì)迎刃而解?！舅季S導(dǎo)圖】——非謂語動(dòng)詞題3大思維方向關(guān)鍵標(biāo)志詞法——瞄準(zhǔn)4類詞，快速判斷非謂語形式【典例】限時(shí)5分鐘，體會(huì)非謂語形式的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhetherto__bite(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),ortoputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.2.(2022·浙江1月卷)ThatapproachbroughtCobb’sairtravellastyeardownby75%，andsheplansto__continue(continue)thepractice.3.(2021·全國甲卷)Afterspending(spend)sometimelookingatallthedefensiveequipmentatthewall,wedecideditwastimeforsomeactionandwhatbetterthantorideonapieceofhistory!4.(2021·全國乙卷)Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaimto__have(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.5.(全國Ⅱ卷)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，laying(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.6.(2023·珠海模擬二)Atonepoint,someoneofferedto__trade(trade)meanalcoholicbeverage(飲料)andagoldenfeatheredheaddressformycamera.7.(2022·孝感模擬)Somesayitisnecessaryforgraduatestospendmoneyinproducing(produce)embellishedresumesandbuyingsuitableclothes.8.(2021·江西六校聯(lián)考)Theguidedogbeingdeniedboarding(board)isjustthetipoftheiceberg,comparedtothevariousdifficultiesfacedbythecountry’svisuallyimpairedpopulationeverydaywhentheyleavetheirhome.9.(2023·西安中學(xué)第六次模擬)Iwon’tcallmyselfthemostaccomplishedpersonwhenitcomestoholding(hold)chopsticks.10.(2023·邯鄲一模)Theeventalsoinspiredherto__found(found)FairFight,asawaytohelpprotecttherighttovotenotjustinGeorgia,butinallstates.【圖解技巧】【解題規(guī)則】1.只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞(短語)enjoy，consider，escape，include，avoid，miss，risk，appreciate，admit，mind，imagine，delay，allow，permit，finish，suggest，deny，practise，excuse，beworth，insiston，keepon，succeedin，giveup，cannothelp等2.只能跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞hope/wish/expect，agree/promise，demand/ask，refuse，manage，learn，decide/determine，pretend，choose/select，plan，offer，intend，apply，fail，afford，prepare，desire，happen，aim，wait，threaten等3.只能跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞tell，order，allow，permit，enable，persuade，force，warn，encourage，inspire，expect等。4.介詞后作賓語要用動(dòng)名詞，特別注意介詞to后也要用動(dòng)名詞。(1)介詞后常跟動(dòng)詞－ing形式作賓語，但介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語，且前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式就要省略to。(2)關(guān)注介詞to的固定短語·lookforwardto...期待，盼望……·objectto...反對(duì)……·bedevotedto...致力于……·beopposedto...反對(duì)……·adapt/adjustto...適應(yīng)……·leadto...導(dǎo)致……邏輯關(guān)系法——利用邏輯關(guān)系，迅速判定分詞形式【典例】限時(shí)5分鐘，體會(huì)分詞的用法。1.(2022·全國甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationheld(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Whenhesawayoungchildhangingfromasixth－floorapartmentbalcony(陽臺(tái)),Henryranonehundredmetres,jumpedovera1.2－metrefence,andheldouthisarmstocatchthefalling(fall)child.3.(2022·全國甲卷)Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4，700kilometersfromXi’antoKashgaronSept.20,planning(plan)tohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.4.(2022·北京卷)Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasinglysupported(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.5.(2023·梅州一模)Inrecentyears,“MadeinChina”hasincreasinglybeenrecognizedastherepresentationofChinesecultureoffered(offer)byhomegrownChinesebrands,orsimply“China－Chic”.6.(2023·日照4月校際聯(lián)考)LastOctober,theRussiangovernment,hoping(hope)toeasetensionsaheadofelectionsearlythisyear,announcedapricefreezeformilk,breadandotherfoodsthroughtheendofJanuary.7.(2023·成都一診)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife，ranging(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.8.(2023·江西省名校高中聯(lián)合測評(píng))Surveyed(survey)bytheNationalForestryAdministration,therearepossibly220millionhectaresofforestinChina.9.(2023·濟(jì)寧三模)Thenationaltreasuresarenolongercoldanddistantobjectshoused(house)inmuseumsbutlivelyandhumorousentertainerswhocansingandtalk.10.(2023·華中師大附中5月適應(yīng)性考試)Zibo－stylebarbecue’sclassicthree－piecesetcontainsroastlamb，greenonions，andthinpancakes，which，combined(combine)，makeamouth－wateringcombo(組合餐).【圖解技巧】【解題規(guī)則】1.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別＝Themobilephonewhichislyingonthedeskbelongstome.(themobilephone和lie為主謂關(guān)系，即主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞)＝Themobilephonewhichislaidonthedeskbelongstome.(themobilephone和lay為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞)2.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別在句首的分詞相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語從句、原因狀語從句、條件狀語從句；在句末的分詞常作伴隨狀語、方式狀語、結(jié)果狀語、不能改成從句。＝Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.(theearth和see為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞)＝Whenweseetheearthfromspace,we’llfinditblue.(we和see為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞)3.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別在make，have，see，observe，notice，watch，hear等動(dòng)詞后可用現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。(賓語somebody和sing為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞)(賓語thissong和sing為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞)專項(xiàng)突破法——掌握基本用法，專項(xiàng)攻克不定式從最近幾年高考來看，對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞中的不定式考查較多，因此要熟記不定式的用法，專項(xiàng)突破不定式?！镜淅肯迺r(shí)3分鐘，體會(huì)不定式的用法。1.(2022·全國甲卷)Avisually－challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststepto__journey(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路線)byfoot.2.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthatwerepreviouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthorityto__increase(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.3.(2022·全國乙卷)To__strengthen(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.4.(2020·天津7月卷改編)Vinnieconfirmedherabilityto__make(make)afull－lengthstatuebyhighlightingtheheavylaborshehaddonebefore.5.(全國Ⅰ卷)Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid－1980s，andareexpensiveto__perform(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.6.(2023·九師聯(lián)盟3月檢測)Hegotupearlyandhurriedtothebusstation,onlyto__find(find)theearlytrainhadgone.【解題規(guī)則】1.不定式作狀語(1)用作目的狀語用不定式；(2)onlytodosth表示出乎意料的結(jié)果；(3)某些形容詞或過去分詞作表語時(shí)，后接不定式作狀語。常見形容詞有：happy，delighted，pleased，proud，anxious，disappointed，lucky，fortunate等；(4)牢記“主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(形容詞easy，difficult，comfortable等)＋todo”句式，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。2.不定式作定語(1)看到由序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語。(2)看到由theonly，thelast，thenext等修飾的名詞(代詞)常用不定式作定語。(3)看到被修飾的名詞(代詞)是ability，attempt，chance，desire，eagerness，potential，reason，right，something，anything，time，way，wish等詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語。歸類突破法——根據(jù)分類對(duì)比，判斷非謂語的形式【典例】限時(shí)2分鐘，體會(huì)非謂語形式的用法。1.(2023·泉州質(zhì)檢)Withthenewsnowseasonbeginning(begin)inChina，enthusiasticskiersandsnowboardershavebeeneagertogetbackontheslopes.2.(2023·常州調(diào)研)Hesatinmyroomforafewminuteswithhiseyesfixed(fix)ontheposteronthewall.3.(2023·武漢七校聯(lián)考)IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographtaken(take).4.(2023·長沙高考模擬)Ashumans,wetendtobeeasilyinfluencedwhenitcomestolikingordislikingsomething,andwe’rehappytohaveourexistingopinionsconfirmed(confirm).【解題規(guī)則】1.with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“with＋賓語＋todo”表示動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，其中todo不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)；(2)“with＋賓語＋doing”表示主動(dòng)、動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；(3)“with＋賓語＋done”表示被動(dòng)、動(dòng)作已完成。2.have后加賓補(bǔ)的常見用法(1)havesb/sthdoing讓某人/某物一直做；(2)havesthdone讓某事被做；(3)havesbdosth讓某人做某事。注意：在“havesthtodo(有某事要做)”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作定語。新考向應(yīng)對(duì)法——根據(jù)邏輯與時(shí)間關(guān)系，突破非謂語的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)分析2022年之前的高考試卷可知，非謂語動(dòng)詞主要考查其一般式，但2023年新高考Ⅰ卷和全國乙卷中，分別考查了不定式一般式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。對(duì)于這一新考向要引起考生的格外關(guān)注?！镜淅肯迺r(shí)6分鐘，體會(huì)非謂語時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法。1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiangaside,thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthemto__be__lifted(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyoftheircontents.2.(2023·全國乙卷)Having__visited(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbytheco－existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.3.Thefluisbelievedto__be__caused(cause)byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.4.Hewasunwillingtotakepartintheparty,sohepretendedto__have__forgotten(forget)thedate.5.Theoldman，having__worked(work)abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.6.LittleJimshouldloveto__be__taken(take)tothetheatrethisevening.7.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecar