2025年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單（全國(guó)）專(zhuān)題40 閱讀理解之推理判斷題（練案）解析版

【上好課】2025年高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單

專(zhuān)題40閱讀理解之推理判斷題（練案）解析版

（高考考情+思維導(dǎo)圖+真題演練+名校模擬）

目錄

一、閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題高考考情P1

二、閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題思維導(dǎo)圖P2

三、閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題真題演練（片段式）10例P3

四、閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題名校模擬（片段式）10例P6

五、閱讀理解猜測(cè)詞義題名校模擬（21篇）P8

【名校模擬一：態(tài)度推斷題】P8

【名校模擬二：預(yù)測(cè)下段題】P13

【名校模擬三：文體推斷題】P18

【名校模擬四：文章出處題】P22

【名校模擬五：寫(xiě)作意圖題】P26

【名校模擬六：活動(dòng)評(píng)價(jià)題】P30

【名校模擬七：寫(xiě)作手法題】P35

一、閱讀理解推理判斷題高考考情

2022-2024高考閱讀理解考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)

卷別細(xì)節(jié)理解題推理判斷題推理判斷題主旨大意題

2024新課標(biāo)I卷9141

2024新課標(biāo)II卷9141

2023新課標(biāo)I卷6171

2023新課標(biāo)II卷6171

2022新課標(biāo)I卷8241

2022新課標(biāo)II卷8241

2024全國(guó)甲卷7161

2023全國(guó)甲卷8151

2023全國(guó)乙卷5181

2022全國(guó)甲卷8133

2022全國(guó)乙卷10131

二、閱讀理解推理判斷題思維導(dǎo)圖

三、閱讀理解推理判斷題真題演練（片段式）

【真題演練01】(2022新課標(biāo)I卷第24題)

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanice

greensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinner

invitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihad

unthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.

B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.

D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

24.B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.(像我們

大多數(shù)人一樣，我努力關(guān)注那些被浪費(fèi)的食物)”及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,I

hadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.(但隨著時(shí)間的

推移，芝麻菜變壞了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地買(mǎi)了太多東西；我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，

作者想通過(guò)講述芝麻菜的故事來(lái)表明我們有時(shí)會(huì)無(wú)意間浪費(fèi)食物。故選B。

【真題演練02】(2022新課標(biāo)I卷第28題)

Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeeling

lonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’s

wellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincare

homeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.

B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.

D.Topromotetheelderlypeople’swelfare.

28.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreduce

lonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing(該項(xiàng)目由當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)想，旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善

老年人的健康狀況)”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的目的是為了提高老年人的幸福。故選D。

【真題演練03】(2022新課標(biāo)I卷第31題)

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwill

reallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

31.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreative

sessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民們非常

歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來(lái)好處和樂(lè)趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn

Lewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreally

helpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”(“諾丁山路徑”的負(fù)責(zé)人林恩?

劉易斯說(shuō):我們很高興能參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。它將通過(guò)共同的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)真正幫助我們的居民聯(lián)系起來(lái))”

可知，該項(xiàng)目的反響很好。故選A。

【真題演練04】(2022新課標(biāo)II卷第28題)

Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshave

triedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenow

risingsharply.

28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.

C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

28.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,

andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheir

phoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.”（在過(guò)去的七年里，大多數(shù)州都禁止司機(jī)發(fā)短信，公共服務(wù)活動(dòng)

也嘗試了各種各樣的方法來(lái)說(shuō)服人們?cè)陂_(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)放下手機(jī)。）以及第二段中“Yettheproblem,byjustabout

anymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.”（然而，無(wú)論以何種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量，這個(gè)問(wèn)題似乎都在惡化。）可知，

大多數(shù)州使用了各種各樣的方法說(shuō)服司機(jī)們?cè)陂_(kāi)車(chē)的時(shí)候放下手機(jī)，可是情況卻越來(lái)越糟糕。所以各種方

法是無(wú)效的。A選項(xiàng)ineffective意為“無(wú)效的”，與此相符。故選A。

【真題演練05】(2022新課標(biāo)II卷第35題)

Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreat

start.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhich

aspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.

35.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?

A.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.

C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.

35.C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlarger

groupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.(但

這項(xiàng)研究的規(guī)模很小，需要在更大的人群中重復(fù)進(jìn)行，以確定日常鍛煉的哪些方面會(huì)產(chǎn)生最大的影響。)”

可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建議進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究。故選C。

【真題演練06】(2022全國(guó)甲卷第35題)

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImeta

thoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.

“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,the

Greekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwitha

driveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

35.A推理判斷題根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第一句...beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.

可知，作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)城市新舊并存是非常有魅力的。根據(jù)下文中Anthony的觀點(diǎn)...afoundationbuilton

ancientcultureswithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.和最后一段Heisright...可知，Anthony

認(rèn)為澳大利亞是一個(gè)建立在古老文化基礎(chǔ)上并同時(shí)充滿活力的年輕國(guó)家，作者認(rèn)同其觀點(diǎn)。

【真題演練07】(2022全國(guó)乙卷第25題)

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanket

ofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarrive

attheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

25.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittle

privacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.(他們和一個(gè)當(dāng)

地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬進(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒(méi)有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來(lái)時(shí)被子上覆蓋著一層

雪。)”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。)”可知，

女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D。

【真題演練08】(2022全國(guó)乙卷第35題)

Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingby

raisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgeneration

tohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

35.B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthe

positiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthier

eatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說(shuō)法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和

健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬(wàn)英鎊）”可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個(gè)成功的政策。故選B。

【真題演練09】(2021新課標(biāo)I卷第33題)

Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbad

purposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbestto

helpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnot

necessarilymakeoneamoralperson.

33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?

A.Toexplainarule.B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Topresentafact.D.Tomakeaprediction.

33.B。推理判斷題。第二段首句“Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthat

canbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.”是介紹情商的概念。由此推斷出提到的“醫(yī)生”和“騙子”是對(duì)

這一概念的解釋。

【真題演練10】(2021新課標(biāo)I卷第33題)

Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonably

support,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectof

thispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothers

interestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublic

andresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

34.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“theauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence”可

定位到第三段。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfarahead

ofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthan

harmful.”可知，作者認(rèn)為情商普及利大于弊。又根據(jù)“Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization...”和

“Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelped...”可知，作者對(duì)于情商普及是贊成的。

四、閱讀理解推理判斷題名校模擬（片段式）

【名校模擬01】Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行賄),

anddeath.Frankly,I’msickofallthisbadnews.

1.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.

A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform

1.A。作者一是想讀者說(shuō)明這份報(bào)紙上指登載負(fù)面新聞，如兇殺行賄受賄、死亡等，二是字里行間留出作

者的抱怨情緒，故選A。

【名校模擬02】Laughingisessentialtokeepyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfind

ourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoingcrazy.Thereis

toomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessand

bringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokesandhave

somefunlaughingtogether.

2.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthepresentworld?

A.PositiveB.CriticalC.SatisfiedD.Indifferent

2.A。從文中最后一段不難看出，作者覺(jué)得現(xiàn)在的世界有太多的悲傷，有時(shí)候甚至可以把人逼瘋，所以作

者對(duì)現(xiàn)在的世界是持一種批判的態(tài)度。

【名校模擬03】Thetheoriesofmodernpsychologyhavesteppedintoarguethatwemustunderstandtheneedsof

ourchildren.Childrenarenotjustsmalladults;theyarechildrenwhomustberespectedassuch.

Well,youmaysay,thisisasitshouldbe,andagoodidea.Butthinkfurther.Whathappens?“Education”

becomestheresponsibilitynotofteachers,butofpsychologists.Whathappensthen?

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthetheoriesofmodernpsychology?

A.UninterestedB.TolerantC.SatisfiedD.Critical

3.D。由最后一段的句子Frequentlythemodernmethodsaresocomplicatedthattheyfailtobeunderstood

bytheteachers,letalonethechildren;可知，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代的方式太復(fù)雜，以至于他們無(wú)法被老師理解，更

不用說(shuō)孩子們。因此推斷作者對(duì)于現(xiàn)代教育方式持批判的態(tài)度。

【名校模擬04】Newtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasbecomesmaller.It’snowa

“globalvillage”wherecountriesareonlysecondsawaybyfaxorphoneorsatellitelink.And,ofcourse,our

abilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyincreasedbyforeignlanguageskills.

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhigh-techcommunicationsequipment?

A.CriticalB.PrejudicedC.Indifferent.D.Positive

4.D。根據(jù)文章第一段中And,ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationequipment

isgreatlyimprovedbyforeignlanguageskills.可以推測(cè)作者對(duì)高科技交流設(shè)備是持積極態(tài)度。

【名校模擬05】(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ·D片段)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfar

aheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport，theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthan

harmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionby

employers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotional

intelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowthey

servepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

【答案及解析】

5.A。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。依據(jù)“忠于措辭法”。本段含有beneficial，positive，helped等褒義措辭，由此可推知，

作者對(duì)情商普及化是支持的。故選A。

【名校模擬06】Yogaisanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbody,mindandspirit.It

bringsusbalance.Afteralongtimeofpracticeyoga,younolongerjustpracticeityouliveit.

Yogabecomespartofyourphysicallife.Yourbodygrowsstronger,moretoned,andmoreflexibleas

youmovefromoneasanaorposetoanother…

Yogabecomespartofyourmentallife.Yogateachesyoutofocusonbreathingwhileyouholdtheposes.

Thisattentiontobreathiscalming;itdissolvesstressandanxiety...

6.Whatwillbetalkedaboutifthispassagecontinues?

A.Yogabecomingpartofyourspirituallife.

B.Yogabecomingpopularallovertheworld.

C.Thedisadvantagesofyoga.

D.Encouragingpeopletodoyoga.

6.A。Yogaisanancientpracticethathelpscreateasenseofunioninbody,mindandspirit.文章第一句點(diǎn)名

瑜伽三大好處；第二三段分別提及body,mind，最后一段應(yīng)該談?wù)搒pirit。

【名校模擬07】Duringthecourse1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatis

createdwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoaland

gaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercoasts.Today,thereisa

globalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.

7.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?

A.Theadvantageofwindpower.

B.Thedesignofwindpowerplants.

C.Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.

D.Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.

7.D。根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Today，thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofour

electricitythroughtheuseofwind.”可以推斷下一步就要涉及風(fēng)能在全世界的開(kāi)發(fā)利用趨勢(shì)，即“The

globaltrend(趨勢(shì))towardsproducingpowerfromwind.”。因此D項(xiàng)正確。

【名校模擬08】“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedin

thewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergy

GroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.

8.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.

A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwaves

B.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopic

C.showJamieTaylor’simportance

D.invitethereaderstoanswerthem

8.B。作者在文章開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題讓讀者思考,或者簡(jiǎn)單介紹與主題有關(guān)的其他事物,往往都是為了引出主題

(todrawthereaders’attentiontothetopic/toserveasanintroductiontothediscussion)。

【名校模擬09】Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”

fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferent

participantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbe

prettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopesto

makeittomarketinthenearfuture.

9.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.

9.D。推理判斷題。解析：本段關(guān)鍵字technology所以介紹科技類(lèi)文章比較可能選自雜志，因此選擇D.A

magazine.（當(dāng)然本文綜合全文更好。）

【名校模擬10】Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthe

childrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.

Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearn

toboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.

10.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.

A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths

B.assessstudents’publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics

10.A。推理判斷題。Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.He

wantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.讓孩子們學(xué)會(huì)夸耀自己，所以選擇Ahelp

studentsseetheirownstrengths（長(zhǎng)處，優(yōu)點(diǎn)。）

五、閱讀理解推理判斷題名校模擬（21篇）

【名校模擬一：態(tài)度推斷題】

（2024·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）AsmallstudypublishedWednesdaydocumentssignificantlyrestoredhearingin

fiveofsixkidstreatedinChina.“Hearinglossishardtorecover.That’swhywewerealwaystryingtodevelopa

therapy(療法),”saidZheng-YiChen,aseniorauthorofthestudy.

Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesareresponsibleforupto60%of

cases.

Allthechildrenintheexperimentshaveaconditionthataccountsfor2%to8%ofinherited(遺傳的)

deafness.It’scausedbymutations(變異)inageneresponsibleforaninnerearproteincalledotoferlin,which

helpshaircellstransmitsoundtothebrain.

ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgenetotheinnerearduringasurgery.It

causednomajorsideeffects.Theyobservedthechildrenforaboutsixmonthsandcapturedpatients’progressin

videos.Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,grandmother,sisterand“Ilove

you.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.Butthefiveothers,whopreviouslyhad

completedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwithothers.

Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.ThePhiladelphiahospitalreportedthattheir

patient,AissamDam,isnowabletohearhisfather’svoiceandcarsontheroad.Dr.JohnGermiller,wholedthe

researchinPhiladelphiasaid,“Hishearingisimprovedfromastateofcompletedeafnesswithnosoundatallto

thelevelofmildhearingloss.”

ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildreninthesestudiesdon’twindup

withperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsisprettyastonishing.”Still,headded,“Many

questionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhetherhearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthe

kids.”

1．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A．TheresultofChen’stherapy.B．Theimpactofgenemutations.

C．Thetroubleofcuringhearingloss.D．Theanalysisofchildren’sdeafness.

2．Whatdomostparticipantsinthetworesearcheshaveincommon?

A．Theyshowedpositiveresponsetothetherapy.B．Theirpowerofspeechwaspartiallyregained.

C．Theirimprovementswererecordedbyvideos.D．Theyhadmildhearinglossafterthetreatment.

3．WhatisDr.LawrenceLustig’sattitudetowardthetherapy?

A．Dismissive.B．Objective.C．Doubtful.D．Unclear.

4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A．GeneTherapy:AHopefortheDeaf

B．DeafChildren:AConcernofSociety

C．Chen’sResearch:ABreakthroughinSurgery

D．InheritedDeafness:AChallengeforTreatment

【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為說(shuō)明文。這篇短文主要報(bào)道了中國(guó)一項(xiàng)小型研究，其中五個(gè)孩子在接受治療后聽(tīng)力顯著恢

復(fù)。這些兒童患有由基因突變導(dǎo)致的遺傳性耳聾，研究團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)手術(shù)向內(nèi)耳輸送了功能正常的基因副本，

治療后孩子們能進(jìn)行正常對(duì)話。盡管仍有許多問(wèn)題待解，如治療效果的持久性等，但這項(xiàng)成果和其他研究

一樣，顯示出恢復(fù)聽(tīng)力損失的積極前景。

1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Globally,34millionchildrenhavedeafnessorhearingloss,andgenesare

responsibleforupto60%ofcases.(全球有3400萬(wàn)兒童患有耳聾或聽(tīng)力損失，高達(dá)60%的病例是由基因引

起的。)”可知，第二段主要是對(duì)兒童耳聾情況的分析。故選D。

2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Oneshowsalittlegirl13weeksaftertreatmentrepeatingfather,mother,

grandmother,sisterand“Iloveyou.”Theydon’tknowwhythetreatmentdidn’tworkinoneofthem.But

thefiveothers,whopreviouslyhadcompletedeafness,cannowheararegularconversationandtalkwith

others.(其中一個(gè)視頻顯示，一個(gè)小女孩在治療13周后重復(fù)著父親、母親、祖母、姐姐和“我愛(ài)你”。他們

不知道為什么治療對(duì)其中一人無(wú)效。但其他五個(gè)人以前完全失聰，現(xiàn)在可以聽(tīng)到定期的對(duì)話并與他人交

談。)”及第五段“Priorresultsfromotherresearcheshavebeenjustaspositive.(先前其他研究的結(jié)果也同樣

積極。)”可知，這兩項(xiàng)研究的大多數(shù)參與者的共同點(diǎn)是他們對(duì)治療有積極反應(yīng)。故選A。

3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ColumbiaUniversity’sDr.LawrenceLustigsaid,“Althoughthechildrenin

thesestudiesdon’twindupwithperfecthearing,evenamildhearinglossrecoveryinthesekidsispretty

astonishing.”Still,headded,“Manyquestionsremain,suchashowlongthetherapieswilllastandwhether

hearingwillcontinuetoimproveinthekids.”(哥倫比亞大學(xué)的LawrenceLustig博士說(shuō)：“盡管這些研究中

的孩子們最終并沒(méi)有獲得完美的聽(tīng)力，但這些孩子即使是輕微的聽(tīng)力損失恢復(fù)也相當(dāng)驚人?！辈贿^(guò)，他補(bǔ)

充道，“還有很多問(wèn)題，比如治療能持續(xù)多久，孩子們的聽(tīng)力是否會(huì)繼續(xù)改善?！?”可知，LawrenceLustig

對(duì)這個(gè)療法的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B。

4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文和第四段“ThetherapyofChen’steamdeliversafunctionalcopyofthatgeneto

theinnerearduringasurgery.Itcausednomajorsideeffects.(陳的團(tuán)隊(duì)的治療方法在手術(shù)中將該基因的

功能拷貝傳遞到內(nèi)耳。它沒(méi)有造成重大副作用。)”可知，文章主要介紹了通過(guò)基因治療患有由基因突變導(dǎo)

致的遺傳性耳聾的兒童。A項(xiàng)“基因治療：聾人的希望”是最合適的標(biāo)題。故選A。

（2024·重慶·三模）Handwritingnotesinclassmightseemoutdatedassmartphonesandotherdigitaltechnology

covereveryaspectoflearningacrossschoolsanduniversities.Butasteadystreamofresearchcontinuesto

suggestthattakingnotesthetraditionalwayisstillthebestwaytolearn,especiallyforyoungchildren.Andnow

scientistsarefinallyzeroinginonwhy.

Thenewresearch,byAudreyvanderMeerandRuudvanderWeelattheNorwegianUniversityofScience

andTechnology(NTNU),buildsonafoundational2014studysuggestingthatpeopletakingnotesbycomputer

weretypingwithoutthinking.“Itkindofgoesinthroughyourearsandcomesoutthroughyourfingertips,butyou

don’tprocesstheincominginformation,”shesays.Butwhentakingnotesbyhand,it’softenimpossibletowrite

everythingdown;studentshavetoactivelypayattentiontotheincominginformationandprocessit—prioritizeit,

consolidateitandtrytorelateittothingsthey’velearnedbefore.Thisconsciousactionofbuildingontoexisting

knowledgecanmakeiteasiertostayengagedandgraspnewconcepts.

Tounderstandspecificbrainactivitydifferencesduringthetwonote-takingapproaches,theresearchers

sewedelectrodes(電極)intoahairnetwith256sensorsthatrecordedthebrainactivityof36studentsasthey

wroteortyped15wordsfromthegamePictionarythatweredisplayedonascreen.

Whenstudentswrotethewordsbyhand,thesensorsdetectedwidespreadconnectivityacrossmanybrain

regions.Typing,however,ledtominimalactivity,ifany,inthesameareas.Handwritingsetoffconnection

patternscoveringvisualregions,whichreceiveandprocesssensoryinformation,andthemotorcortex(運(yùn)動(dòng)皮層).

Thelatterhandlesbodymovementandsensorimotorintegration,whichhelpsthebrainuseenvironmentalinputs

toinformaperson’snextaction.

SophiaVinci-Booher,anassistantprofessorofeducationalbrainscienceatVanderbiltUniversity,says,

“Peoplemaynotrealizewhentheymaterializesomethingbywritingordrawingit,thisstrengthenstheconcept

andhelpsitstickintheirmemory.”

5．Whatdoweknowaboutthenewresearch?

A．Itisaninitialstudyonnote-taking.B．Itoffersanewnote-takingmethod.

C．Itfindstheevidenceforpreviousfinding.D．Itintroduceshowtotakenoteseffectively.

6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“consolidate”