工程量計(jì)算及工程計(jì)價(jià)EngineeringQuantity

《工程量計(jì)算及工程計(jì)價(jià)》EngineeringQuantityCalculationandEngineeringValuation專業(yè)技能概述OverviewofProfessionalSkills1.工程量計(jì)算1.Quantitycalculation(1)建筑面積計(jì)算 (1)Calculationofbuildingarea建筑面積的計(jì)算是工程計(jì)量的最基礎(chǔ)工作，它在工程建設(shè)中起著非常重要的作用。2005年建設(shè)部以國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的形式發(fā)布了《建筑工程建筑面積計(jì)算規(guī)范》，作為建筑面積計(jì)算的基礎(chǔ)。Thecalculationofbuildingareaisthemostbasicworkofengineeringmeasurement.Itplaysaveryimportantroleinengineeringconstruction.In2005,theMinistryofConstructionissuedTheCodefortheCalculationofBuildingAreaofConstructionProjectsintheformofnationalstandardsasthebasisforthecalculationofbuildingarea.(2)建筑工程工程量計(jì)算 (2)Calculationofquantitiesofconstructionworks建筑工程工程量主要依據(jù)建筑工程計(jì)量規(guī)則進(jìn)行計(jì)算。將建筑工程分成土石方工程值增樁與地基基礎(chǔ)工程，砌筑工程，混凝土與鋼筋混凝土工程，廠庫(kù)房大門、特種門、木結(jié)構(gòu)工程，屋面與防水工程，防腐、隔熱、保溫工程，施工技術(shù)措施項(xiàng)目等，制訂其定額工程量計(jì)算規(guī)則，作為建筑工程工程量的計(jì)算基礎(chǔ)。Thequantitiesofconstructionworks

aremainlycalculatedaccordingtothemeasurementrulesofconstructionworks.Constructionworksareclassifiedintoworksofearthworkvalue-addedpileandfoundation,masonryworks,concreteandreinforcedconcreteworks,worksoffactorywarehousegate,specialdoorandtimberstructure,anti-corrosion,heatinsulationandthermalinsulationworks,constructiontechnicalmeasures,etc.Thecalculationrulesofquotaquantitiesareformulatedasthecalculationbasisofconstructionquantities.2.工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)2.Valuationwithbillofquantity工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)方法是建設(shè)工程在招標(biāo)投標(biāo)中，招標(biāo)人按照國(guó)家統(tǒng)一的工程量計(jì)算規(guī)則提供工程數(shù)量，并作為招標(biāo)文件的一部分提供給投標(biāo)人，由投標(biāo)人依據(jù)工程量清單自主報(bào)價(jià)，并按照經(jīng)評(píng)審合理低價(jià)中標(biāo)的工程造價(jià)計(jì)價(jià)方式。工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)的費(fèi)用由分部分項(xiàng)工程費(fèi)、措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)、其他項(xiàng)目費(fèi)、規(guī)費(fèi)和稅金組成。Valuationwithbillofquantity

referstotheprojectcostpricingmethodinwhichthetendereeprovidestheprojectquantityinaccordancewiththenationalunifiedcalculationrulesofquantitiesandprovidesittothebidderasapartofthebiddingdocument.Thebidderwillquoteindependentlyaccordingtothebillofquantitiesandwinthebidatareasonablelowpriceafterreview.Thecostofvaluationwithbillquantityconsistsofcostofbranchsub-itemprojects,measurestoprojectcost,costofotheritems,feesandtaxes.工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)的計(jì)算方法:招標(biāo)方給出工程量清單，投標(biāo)人根據(jù)工程量清單組合分部分項(xiàng)工程綜合單價(jià)，并計(jì)算出分部分項(xiàng)工程費(fèi)、措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)、其他項(xiàng)目費(fèi)、規(guī)費(fèi)和稅金，最后匯總計(jì)算工程總造價(jià)。其基本的數(shù)學(xué)模型:Calculationmethodofvaluationwithbillofquantity:thebidinvitergivesthebillofquantities,andthebiddercombinesthecomprehensiveunitpriceofdivisionalandsubdivisionalworksaccordingtothebillofquantities,calculatescostofbranchsub-itemprojects,measurestoprojectcost,costofotheritems,feesandtaxes,andfinallysummarizesandcalculatesthetotalprojectcost.Thebasicmathematicalmodelisasfollows:建筑工程造價(jià)=[∑(工程量x綜合單價(jià))+措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)+其他項(xiàng)目費(fèi)規(guī)費(fèi)]x(1+稅金率)the

cost

of

construction

project=[∑(quantity×comprehensiveunitprice)+measurestoprojectcost+otherfees]×(1+taxrate)(1)工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)費(fèi)用組成(1)Costcompositionofvaluationwithbillofquantity1)分部分項(xiàng)工程量清單費(fèi)用1)Costofbranchsub-itembillofquantity分部分項(xiàng)工程量清單費(fèi)用采用綜合單價(jià)計(jì)價(jià)，它綜合了完成工程量清單中一個(gè)規(guī)定的總計(jì)量單位項(xiàng)目所需的人工費(fèi)、材料費(fèi)、施工機(jī)械使用費(fèi)、管理費(fèi)和利潤(rùn)，并考慮了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。應(yīng)按設(shè)計(jì)文件或參照《工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)規(guī)范》附錄的工程內(nèi)容確定。Thecostofbranchsub-itembillofquantityispricedbythecomprehensiveunitprice,whichintegratesthelaborcost,materialcost,usecostofconstructionmachinery,managementcostandprofitrequiredtocompleteaspecifiedtotalunitofmeasurementiteminthebillofquantities,andtakesintoaccounttheriskfactors.ItshallbecalculatedaccordingtothedesigndocumentsortheprojectcontentsintheappendixofTheCodeforValuationwithBillQuantities.2)措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)用2)Measurestoprojectcost措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)是指施工企業(yè)為完成工程項(xiàng)目施工，應(yīng)發(fā)生于該工程施工前和施工過(guò)程中生產(chǎn)、生活、安全等方面的非工程實(shí)體費(fèi)用。措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)用包括施工技術(shù)措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)用和施工組織措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)用。施工技術(shù)措施項(xiàng)目如措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)中的混凝土、鋼筋混凝土模板或支架、腳手架、混凝土泵送增加費(fèi)、垂直運(yùn)輸和施工排水、降水等措施項(xiàng)目等;施工組織措施項(xiàng)目如環(huán)境保護(hù)、文明施工、安全施工二次搬運(yùn)、工程點(diǎn)交與清理等。措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)用結(jié)算需要調(diào)整的，必須在招標(biāo)文件或合同中明確。Measurestoprojectcostreferstothenonengineeringentitycostrelatedtoproduction,lifeandsafetybeforeandduringtheconstructionoftheproject.Itincludestheprojectcostofconstructiontechnicalmeasuresandtheprojectcostofconstructionorganizationmeasures.Theitemsofconstructiontechnicalmeasuresincludeconcrete,reinforcedconcreteformworkorsupport,scaffold,additionalcostofconcretepumping,verticaltransportation,constructiondrainage,precipitationandothermeasures.Constructionorganizationmeasuresincludeenvironmentalprotection,civilizedconstruction,safeconstruction,secondaryhandling,projectsupervisionandcleaning,etc.Ifthecostsettlementofthemeasuresneedstobeadjusted,itmustbespecifiedinthebiddingdocumentorcontract.3)其他項(xiàng)目費(fèi)用3)Costofotheritems其他項(xiàng)目費(fèi)包括招標(biāo)人部分和投標(biāo)人部分。Costofotheritemsincludesthecostsofthetendereeandthetenderer.①招標(biāo)人部分包括預(yù)留金和材料購(gòu)置費(fèi)(僅指招標(biāo)人購(gòu)置的材料費(fèi))等;Thetenderee'scostsincludereservefundandmaterialpurchasecost(onlyreferstothematerialcostpurchasedbythetenderee),etc.②投標(biāo)人部分包括總承包服務(wù)費(fèi)和零星工作項(xiàng)目費(fèi)等。Thebidder'scostsincludegeneralcontractingservicefeeandsporadicworkitemsfee,etc.預(yù)留金、材料購(gòu)置費(fèi)均為估算、預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)，雖在工程投標(biāo)時(shí)計(jì)人投標(biāo)人的報(bào)價(jià)中，但不為投標(biāo)人所有。工程結(jié)算時(shí)，應(yīng)按承包人實(shí)際完成的工作量計(jì)算，剩余部分仍歸招標(biāo)人所有。Thereservefundandmaterialpurchasecostareestimatedandpredicted.Althoughtheyareincludedinthebidder'squotationduringprojectbidding,theyarenotownedbythebidder.Duringprojectsettlement,itshallbecalculatedaccordingtotheworkloadactuallycompletedbythecontractor,andtheremainingpartshallstillbeownedbythetenderee.零星工作項(xiàng)目費(fèi)由招標(biāo)人根據(jù)擬建工程的具體情況，列出人工、材料、機(jī)械的名稱、計(jì)算單位和相應(yīng)數(shù)量。工程招標(biāo)時(shí)工程量由招標(biāo)人估算后提出。工程結(jié)算時(shí)，工程量按承包人實(shí)際完成的工作量計(jì)算，單價(jià)按承包中標(biāo)時(shí)的報(bào)價(jià)不變。Thesporadicworkitemsfeerefersthatthetendereeshalllistthenames,calculationunitsandcorrespondingquantitiesoflabor,materialsandmachineryaccordingtothespecificconditionsoftheproposedproject.Duringprojectbidding,thequantitiesshallbeproposedafterbeingestimatedbythetenderee.Duringprojectsettlement,thequantitiesshallbecalculatedaccordingtotheworkloadactuallycompletedbythecontractor,andtheunitpriceshallremainunchangedaccordingtothequotationwhenthecontractorwinsthebid.4)規(guī)費(fèi)Fees規(guī)費(fèi)是指政府和有關(guān)權(quán)力部門規(guī)定必須繳納的費(fèi)用(簡(jiǎn)稱規(guī)費(fèi))。內(nèi)容包括:工程排污費(fèi)、噪聲干擾費(fèi)、工程定額測(cè)定費(fèi)、社會(huì)保障費(fèi)、住房公積金、危險(xiǎn)作業(yè)意外傷害保險(xiǎn)等。Feesrefertothefeesthatmustbepaidasstipulatedbythegovernmentandrelevantauthorities.Thecontentsinclude:pollutiondischargefee,noiseinterferencefee,projectquotameasurementfee,socialsecurityfee,housingaccumulationfund,accidentalinjuryinsurancefordangerousoperations,etc.5)稅金Taxes稅金是指國(guó)家稅法規(guī)定的應(yīng)計(jì)入建筑工程造價(jià)內(nèi)的營(yíng)業(yè)稅、城市維護(hù)建設(shè)稅及教育費(fèi)附加等各種稅金。Taxesrefertothebusinesstax,urbanmaintenanceandconstructiontax,educationsurtaxandothertaxesthatshouldbeincludedintheconstructioncostaccordingtothenationaltaxlaw.(2)綜合單價(jià)的編制(2)Compilationofcomprehensiveunitprice綜合單價(jià)是指完成工程量清單中一個(gè)規(guī)定計(jì)量單位項(xiàng)目所需的人工費(fèi)、材料費(fèi)、機(jī)械使用費(fèi)、管理費(fèi)和利潤(rùn)，并考慮風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。Comprehensiveunitpricereferstothelaborcost,materialcost,machineryusecost,managementcostandprofitrequiredtocompleteaspecifiedunitofmeasurementiteminthebillofquantities,andriskfactorsshallbeconsidered.分部分項(xiàng)工程費(fèi)由分項(xiàng)工程量清單乘以綜合單價(jià)匯總而成。綜合單價(jià)的組合方法包括以下幾種:直接套用定額組價(jià)、重新計(jì)算工程量組價(jià)、復(fù)合組價(jià)。Thecostofbranchsub-itemprojectsissummarizedbymultiplyingsub-engineeringquantitylistbythecomprehensiveunitprice.Thecombinationmethodsofcomprehensiveunitpriceincludethefollowing:directlyapplythequotagroupprice,recalculatethequantitygrouppriceandcompoundgroupprice.(3)單項(xiàng)費(fèi)用的確定(3)Determinationofparticularcharge進(jìn)行投標(biāo)報(bào)價(jià)時(shí)，施工方在業(yè)主提供的工程量計(jì)算結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)企業(yè)自身所掌握的各種信息、資料，結(jié)合企業(yè)定額編制得出工程報(bào)價(jià)。其計(jì)算過(guò)程如下:Duringbiddingquotation,theconstructionpartyshallpreparetheprojectquotationbasedonthecalculationresultsofquantitiesprovidedbytheowner,accordingtovariousinformationanddatamasteredbytheenterpriseitself,andincombinationwiththeenterprisequota.Thecalculationprocessisasfollows:1)分部分項(xiàng)工程費(fèi)的確定:1)Determinationofthecostofbranchsub-itemprojects分部分項(xiàng)工程費(fèi)=∑分部分項(xiàng)工程量×分部分項(xiàng)工程綜合單價(jià)thecostofbranchsub-itemprojects=∑branchsub-itemquantity×comprehensiveunitpriceofbranchsub-itemprojects2)措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)的確定:2)Determinationofmeasurestoprojectcost:措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)應(yīng)根據(jù)擬建工程的施工方案或施工組織設(shè)計(jì)，參照規(guī)范規(guī)定的費(fèi)用組成來(lái)確定。措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)用組成一般包括完成該措施項(xiàng)目的人工費(fèi)、材料費(fèi)、機(jī)械費(fèi)、管理費(fèi)、利潤(rùn)及一定的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)的計(jì)算有以下幾種方法:Themeasurestoprojectcostshallbedeterminedaccordingtotheconstructionschemeorconstructionorganizationdesignoftheproposedprojectandwithreferencetotheregulations.Itgenerallyincludeslaborcost,materialcost,machinerycost,managementcost,profitandcertainrisksforcompletingthemeasureproject.Thereareseveralmethodsforcalculatingit:定額計(jì)價(jià):措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)=∑措施項(xiàng)目工程量x措施項(xiàng)目綜合單價(jià)。Quotapricing:measurestoprojectcost=∑measuresquantityxcomprehensiveunitpriceofthemeasures.按費(fèi)率系數(shù)計(jì)價(jià):措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)=∑(分部分項(xiàng)工程直接費(fèi)+施工技術(shù)措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi))X費(fèi)率。Pricingbyratecoefficient:measurestoprojectcost=∑(directcostofbranchsub-itemprojects+constructiontechnicalmeasurestoprojectcost)×rate.施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)計(jì)價(jià):按其現(xiàn)有的施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)和管理水平，來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)發(fā)生的每項(xiàng)費(fèi)用的合計(jì)數(shù)、其中需考慮市場(chǎng)的漲浮因素及其他的社會(huì)環(huán)境影響因素，進(jìn)而測(cè)算出本工程具有市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的項(xiàng)目措施費(fèi)。Valuationofconstructionexperience:predictthetotalamountofeachcostinthefutureaccordingtoexistingconstructionexperienceandmanagementlevel,marketfluctuationfactorsandothersocialfactorsshouldbetakenintoaccount,andthencalculatecomptitivemeasurestoprojectcost

inthemarket.分包法計(jì)價(jià):是投機(jī)在分包工程價(jià)格的基礎(chǔ)上考慮增加相應(yīng)的管理費(fèi)、利潤(rùn)以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素的計(jì)價(jià)方法。Pricingbysubcontract:itisapricingmethodthatconsidersincreasingthecorrespondingmanagementfee,profitandriskfactorsonthebasisofthepriceofsubcontractedprojects.3)計(jì)算其他項(xiàng)目費(fèi)、規(guī)費(fèi)與稅金。其他項(xiàng)目費(fèi)是指預(yù)留金、材料購(gòu)置費(fèi)(僅指由招標(biāo)人購(gòu)置的材料費(fèi))、總承包服務(wù)費(fèi)、零星工作項(xiàng)目費(fèi)等估算金額的總和。包括:人工費(fèi)、材料費(fèi)、機(jī)械使用費(fèi)、管理費(fèi)、利潤(rùn)以及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。按業(yè)主的招標(biāo)文件的要求計(jì)算。3)Calculationofotherprojectcosts,feesandtaxes.Otherprojectcostsrefertothesumofestimatedamountssuchasreservefund,materialpurchasecost(onlyreferstothematerialcostpurchasedbythetenderee),generalcontractingservicecostandsporadicworkprojectcost.Including:laborcost,materialcost,machineryusecost,managementcost,profitandriskcost.其他項(xiàng)目清單中的預(yù)留金、材料購(gòu)置費(fèi)和零星公產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目費(fèi)，均為估算、預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)量，雖在投標(biāo)時(shí)計(jì)人投標(biāo)人的報(bào)價(jià)中，但不應(yīng)視為投標(biāo)人所有。預(yù)留金主要是考慮可能發(fā)生的工程量變更而預(yù)留的金額?？偝邪?wù)費(fèi)包括配合協(xié)調(diào)招標(biāo)人工程分包和材料采購(gòu)所需的費(fèi)用。Thereservefunds,materialpurchasecostsandsporadicpublicpropertyprojectcostsinthelistofotherprojectsareestimatedandpredictedquantities,whichareincludedinthebidder’squotedpriceatthetimeofbidding,butshallnotbedeemedtobeownedbythebidder.Thereservefundismainlytheamountreservedinconsiderationofpossiblechangesinprojectquantity.Thegeneralcontractingservicecostincludestheexpensesrequiredtocooperateandcoordinatetheprojectsubcontractingandmaterialpurchaseofthetenderee.規(guī)費(fèi)與稅金一般按國(guó)家及地方部門規(guī)定的取費(fèi)文件的要求計(jì)算。計(jì)算公式為:規(guī)費(fèi)一計(jì)算基數(shù)x規(guī)費(fèi)費(fèi)率(%)Feesandtaxesaregenerallycalculatedaccordingtotherequirementsofthefeecollectiondocumentsstipulatedbythenationalandlocaldepartments.Thecalculationformulais:fees—cardinalnumber×feesrate(%)稅金(分部分項(xiàng)工程量單計(jì)價(jià)+措施項(xiàng)目清單計(jì)價(jià)+其他項(xiàng)目清單計(jì)價(jià)+規(guī)費(fèi))X綜合稅率(%)Taxes(priceofbillofquantitiesofbranchsub-itemprojects+priceofbillofmeasuresofmeasurestoproject+priceofbillofotheritems+fees)×compositetaxrate(%)4)計(jì)算單位工程報(bào)價(jià):單位工程報(bào)價(jià)分部分項(xiàng)工程費(fèi)+措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)+其他項(xiàng)目費(fèi)+規(guī)費(fèi)+稅金。4)Calculationofunitprojectquotedprice:

unitprojectquotedpriceofbranchsub-itemprojectscost+measurestoprojectcost+costofotheritems+fees+taxes.5)計(jì)算單項(xiàng)工程報(bào)價(jià):單項(xiàng)工程報(bào)價(jià)單位工程報(bào)價(jià)5)Calculationofsingleprojectquotedprice:quotationofsingleprojectquotationofunitproject6)計(jì)算建設(shè)項(xiàng)目總報(bào)價(jià):建設(shè)項(xiàng)目總報(bào)價(jià)=單項(xiàng)工程報(bào)價(jià)6)Calculationthetotalquotedpriceofconstructionproject:totalquotedpriceofconstructionproject=quotedpriceofsingleproject工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)的計(jì)價(jià)程序表14-1

Pricingprocedureofbillofquantities14-1工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)的各項(xiàng)費(fèi)用的計(jì)算辦法及計(jì)價(jià)程序見(jiàn)表14-1。Seetable14-1forthecalculationmethodandpricingprocedureofebillofquantities.序號(hào)No.名稱Name計(jì)算辦法Calculationmethod1分部分項(xiàng)工程費(fèi)Costofbranchsub-itemprojects

∑（清單工程量*綜合單價(jià)）Σ(billofquantities*comprehensiveunitprice)2措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)Measurestoprojectcost按規(guī)定計(jì)算（包括利潤(rùn)）Calculatedasrequired(includingprofit)3其他項(xiàng)目費(fèi)Costofotheritems按招標(biāo)文件規(guī)定計(jì)算Calculatedaccordingtotheprovisionsofthebiddingdocuments4規(guī)費(fèi)Fees（1+2+3）*費(fèi)率(1+2+3)*rate5不含稅工程造價(jià)Projectcostexcludingtax1+2+3+46稅金Taxes5*稅率，稅率按稅務(wù)部門的規(guī)定計(jì)算5*taxrate,whichiscalculatedaccordingtotheprovisionsofthetaxdepartment7含稅工程造價(jià)Projectcostincludingtax5+63.工程結(jié)算3.Projectsettlement工程價(jià)款結(jié)算是指承包商在工程實(shí)施過(guò)程中，依據(jù)承包合同關(guān)于付款條款的規(guī)定和已經(jīng)完成的工程量，按照規(guī)定的程序向建設(shè)單位收取工程價(jià)款的一項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)。Projectsettlementreferstoaneconomicactivityinwhichthecontractorcollectstheprojectpricefromtheconstructionunitaccordingtotheprovisionsofthecontractonpaymenttermsandthecompletedquantitiesinaccordancewiththespecifiedproceduresduringtheimplementationoftheproject.(1)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的工程價(jià)款主要結(jié)算方式(1)ThemainsettlementmethodsofprojectinChina1)按月結(jié)算。實(shí)行按月申報(bào)、月終結(jié)算、竣工后清算的方法?？缒甓瓤⒐さ墓こ?，在年終進(jìn)行工程盤點(diǎn)，辦理年度結(jié)算。1)Monthlysettlement.Implementthemethodsofmonthlydeclaration,settlementattheendofthemonthandsettlementaftercompletion.Forprojectscompletedgobeyondtheyear,theprojectinventoryshallbemadeattheendoftheyearandtheannualsettlementshallbehandled.2)分段結(jié)算。當(dāng)年開(kāi)工、當(dāng)年不能竣工的工程，按工程形象進(jìn)度，劃分不同階段進(jìn)行結(jié)算。分段結(jié)算可以按月預(yù)支工程款。2)Sectionalsettlement.Theprojectsstartedandnotcompletedinthecurrentyearshallbesettledindifferentstagesaccordingtotheimageprogressoftheproject.Theprojectfundscanbepaidinadvanceonamonthlybasisforsectionalsettlement.3)一次結(jié)算。建設(shè)項(xiàng)目或單項(xiàng)工程部建筑安裝工程建設(shè)期在12個(gè)月以內(nèi)，或者工程承包合同價(jià)值在100萬(wàn)元以下的，可以實(shí)行工程價(jià)款每月月中預(yù)支，竣工后一次結(jié)算。3)Lump-sumsettlement.Fortheconstructionperiodoftheprojectortheconstructionandinstallationprojectofthesingleprojectdepartmentiswithin12months,orthevalueoftheprojectcontractislessthan1millionRMByuan,theprojectcostcanbepaidinadvanceinthemiddleofeachmonthandsettledonceaftercompletion.4)目標(biāo)結(jié)款。即在工程合同中，將承包合同的內(nèi)容分解成不同的控制界面，以業(yè)主驗(yàn)收控制界面作為支付工程款的前提條件。4)Targetsettlement.Itrefersto,intheprojectcontract,thecontentsofthecontractaredividedintodifferentcontrolinterfaces,andtheowner’sacceptanceofcontrolinterfaceistakenastheprerequisiteforthesettlementofprojectcost.(2)工程價(jià)款結(jié)算(2)Projectcostsettlement1)工程預(yù)付款。工程預(yù)付款，也稱工程備料款，是指根據(jù)工程承包合同，由建設(shè)單位在工程開(kāi)工前按年度工程量的一定比例預(yù)付給施工單位進(jìn)行材料采購(gòu)、工程啟動(dòng)等用的流動(dòng)資金，以抵沖工程價(jià)款的方式陸續(xù)扣回。1)Projectadvancecost.Alsoknownasprojectmaterialpreparationcost.Itrefersto,accordingtotheprojectcontract,theconstructionunitshallprepaytheworkingcapitalformaterialprocurementandprojectstart-uptotheconstructoraccordingtoacertainproportionoftheannualquantitiesbeforethecommencementoftheproject,whichshallbedeductedsuccessivelybyoffsettingtheprojectcost.2)工程進(jìn)度款。工程進(jìn)度款是在工程施工過(guò)程中分期支付的合同價(jià)款，一般按工程形象進(jìn)度即實(shí)際完成工程量確定支付款額。在確認(rèn)計(jì)量結(jié)果后14天內(nèi)，發(fā)包人應(yīng)向承包人支付工程進(jìn)度款。按約定時(shí)間發(fā)包人應(yīng)扣回的預(yù)付款，與工程進(jìn)度款同期結(jié)算。2)Projectprogresspayment.Projectprogresspaymentreferstothecontractcostpaidbystagesintheprocessofconstruction.Generally,thepaymentamountisdeterminedaccordingtotheimageprogressoftheproject,thatis,theactualcompletedquantities.Within14daysafterconfirmingthecalculatingresult,theemployershallpaytheprogresspaymenttothecontractor.Theadvancepaymenttobedeductedbytheemployerattheagreedtimeshallbesettledatthesametimeastheprojectprogresspayment.3)質(zhì)量保修金的預(yù)留。按照有關(guān)規(guī)定，工程項(xiàng)目總價(jià)中應(yīng)預(yù)留一定比例的尾款作為質(zhì)量保修費(fèi)用，待工程項(xiàng)目保修期結(jié)束后撥付，一般有兩種扣除方法:一是從發(fā)包方向承包商第一次支付工程進(jìn)度款開(kāi)始，每次從承包商應(yīng)得的款項(xiàng)中按合同約定比例扣除，直到總額達(dá)到合同規(guī)定的限額為止;二是當(dāng)撥付的工程進(jìn)度款累計(jì)達(dá)到合同總價(jià)的一定比例(一般為95%~97%)時(shí)，停止支付，把該部分尾款作為質(zhì)量保修金。3)Reservationofqualityguaranteecost.Accordingtorelevantregulations,acertainproportionofthefinalpaymentshallbereservedinthetotalpriceoftheprojectasthequalityguaranteecost,whichshallbeappropriatedaftertheendoftheguaranteeperiodoftheproject.Generally,therearetwodeductionmethods:first,fromthefirsttimetheemployerpaystheprogresspaymenttothecontractor,itshallbedeductedfromtheamountduetothecontractoraccordingtotheproportionagreedinthecontractuntilthetotal