大學(xué)英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷7（共220題）

大學(xué)英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷7（共9套）

（共220題）

大學(xué)英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第1套

一、仔細(xì)閱讀（本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。）

HealthwuikciswhoarcHIVpositivearcbannedfrompcifbrmiiigmustsuigciyuidental

treatmentincasetheycutthemselveswiththeirinstrumentsandinfectpatientswiththeir

blood.Theycanonlyperformday-to-daytasks,includinggivinginjections,whichare

consideredlowrisk.ButtheDepartmentofHealthwantstoliftthebanbecauseitsays

thechanceofahealthworkerinfectingapatientis*'negligible".Ithasundertaken

researchsuggestingtheriskofapatientcatchingHIVfromtheirdoctor,dentistor

surgeonislessthanoneinfivemillion,similartothatofbeingkilledbylightning.

Officialssaytheriskcanbefurtherreducedbyensuringanyinfectedmemberofstaff

takesmedicationtoreducetheirviruscount,whichmeansitcannoteasilybepassedon.

Thereare110frontlineworkersintheNationalHealthServicewithHIVwhowouldbe

affectedbytherulechange.Since2006allmembersofstaffwhodealwithpatientshave

hadtoundergocompulsorybloodteststocheckwhethertheyhavethevirus.The

GovernmentsaystherehavesofarbeennorecordedcasesofpatientsinBritaincatching

HTVfromahealthcareworker,althoughithashappenedabroad.TheDepartmentof

Healthlaunchedaconsultationyesterdayonitsproposalstoliftthebanandinthenext

fewweekswillgatherfeedbackfromorganizationsandthepublic.Officialsareexpected

tomakeafinaldecisionnextyear.TheypointoutthatrulesinBritainarefarstricter

comparedwithelsewhereintheworld.InAustria,Belgium,Canada,FranceandSweden,

forexample,itisuptoindividualemployerssuchashospitalstodecidewhetheraworker

canperformsurgeryorothertasks.Undertheproposals,HIV-infectedhealthworkers

wouldhavetobegiven"combinationanliretroviral（抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒的）drugtherapy"to

reducetheviruscountsoitcouldnotbetransmitted.Theywouldalsohavetoundergo

teststochecktheviruscountwaslowbeforetheycouldperformsurgeryandother

procedures.DeborahJack,chiefexecutiveoftheNationalAidsTrust,said,"These

recommendedrulechangesforhealthcareworkerswithHIVarelongoverdue.Sadly,the

UKhaslaggedbehindothercountriesinaddressingthisissue."

1、WhyarehealthworkerswithHIVbannedfromperformingcertainmedicaltasks?

A^Becausetheymayinfectpatientsbyaccident.

B、Becausetheyaretooweaktooperateonthepaticnis.

C、Becausetheyarenotcapableofdoingtheirjobswell.

D、Becausetheyarelikelytogetinfectedwithotherviruses.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A-

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句表明，禁止艾滋病病毒呈陽性的醫(yī)護(hù)人員從事大

部分外科手術(shù)或牙科治療工作的原因是防止他們被儀器割傷出血，從而把病毒傳染

給病人。由此可知，攜帶艾滋病病毒的醫(yī)護(hù)人員被禁止開展某些醫(yī)療任務(wù)是因?yàn)樗?/p>

們有可能意外地傳染病人，故選A。

2、Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"...similartothatofbeingkilledbylightning',

(Para.1)?

A、ThenumberofpatientsinfectedwithHIVisrelativelysmall.

B、BothHIVandlightninghavealreadytakenaheavytoll.

C^PeoplewhoareinfectedwithHIVaredoomedtodie.

D、PatientshaveaverylowriskofcatchingHIVfromdoctors.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析；推理判斷題。定位句指出，相關(guān)研究表明醫(yī)生、牙醫(yī)或外科醫(yī)生將艾

滋病病毒傳染給病人的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不到500萬分之一，作者把這一概率與閃電擊人致死的

概率作了類比，以此來說明病人從醫(yī)生那里感染艾滋病病毒的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)非常低，故選

Do

3、WhatcanwelearnabouttherulesoflimitinghealthworkerswithHIVinAustria?

A、Theyaregenerallyacceptedbyindividualemployers.

B、TheyeffectivelypreventpatientsfromcatchingHIV.

C、TheyarenotasstrictasthoseinBritain.

D^Theymakemorehealthworkersoutofwork.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。定位句表明，英國對攜帶艾滋病病毒的醫(yī)護(hù)工作者的限

制規(guī)定比世界其他地方要嚴(yán)格得多。接著作者以奧地利等國家為例對此觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論

證，指出其他國家一般是由個(gè)體雇主來決定醫(yī)護(hù)人員的工作。由此推斷，奧地利對

攜帶艾滋病病毒的醫(yī)護(hù)工作者的限制規(guī)定沒有英國那么嚴(yán)格，因此C為正確答

案。

4、WhatwouldHIV-infectcdhealthworkershavetodoundertheproposals?

A、Theyhavetobeverycarefulwhenperformingsurgery.

B、Theyneedtoundergoteststoensurethelowviruscount.

C、Theycanonlyperformlow-riskdutieslikegivinginjections.

D、TheymustreportthecasesofHIVinfectionasquicklyaspossible.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句介紹了英國衛(wèi)生部關(guān)于取消禁令的建議，要求感

染艾滋病病毒的醫(yī)護(hù)工作者接受治療，以確保病毒數(shù)量很低。由此可知，B符合文

意。

5、RegardingtherecommendedrulechangesinBritain,DeborahJackthinks.

A、theyarenotnecessaryastheycomelate

B、theyshouldhavebeenmadelongbefore

C、Britainneedstolearnfromothercountries

D、Britaincanhardlycatchupwithothercountries

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。定位句中，黛博拉?杰克提到，這些為感染艾滋病病毒

的醫(yī)護(hù)人員提出的變更規(guī)定的建議可謂姍姍來遲。令人遺憾的是，在應(yīng)對這一問題

方面，英國已經(jīng)落后于其他國家。由此可見，關(guān)于衛(wèi)生部提出的規(guī)定的變化，黛博

拉?杰克的看法是這些變更很久以前就應(yīng)該被提出，因此B為正確答案。

Fvebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedme

toonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.

Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedto

employbothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuch

wcmightliketothinkso.Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesingle

greatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarclisteningtothat5thgrade

Englishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍縱即

逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareit

withtheworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirst

andthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.Thepractice

thatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbow-

calls"freewiiting.1'Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,

usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistoget

thewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomeoutfromtheshadows

andletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Nowyouhaveraw

materialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou'vepersuadedto

sitonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemore

timethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepageasthe

deadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablankscreenstartfillingitwithwordsno

matterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouravailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwriting

intosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftime

andthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.

6、Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind"cannotworkin

parallel"(Lincs3~4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans.

A、noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical

B、theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant

C、theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother

D、onecannotusethematthesametime

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

7^Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis.

A、puttingtheirideasinrawform

B、attemptingtoeditastheywrite

C、ignoringgrammaticalsoundness

D、tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

8、Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?

A、Toorganizeone'sthoughtslogically.

Tochooseanappropriatetopic.

C、Togetone'sideasdown.

D、Tocollectrawmaterials.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

9、Onecommonconcernofwritersabout"freewriting"isthat.

A、itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind

B、ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards

C^itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism

D、itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

10^Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?

A、Itrefineshis/herwritingintobettershape.

Ilhelpshim/hertocomeupwithnewideas.

C^Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim/her.

D、Itallowshim/hertositonthesideandobserve.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

ReachingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWater,whichisharvested

fromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.ArthurvonWiesenberger,who

carriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,

hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSv/itzerland,wherebottledwateris

consumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest."My

dogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater,"hesays.Butisplaintap

waterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork'smunicipalwaterformorethana

centurywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthe

bestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEngland

foundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsof

bottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompanies

viewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—thisdespitethefactthat

over25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo'sAquafinaandCoca-

Cola'sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.Asdinersthirstfor

leadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant's

typicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit'soften300to

500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrands

aren'tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon'tnoticeorcare.Asaresult,somerestaurants

areturningupthepressuretosellbottledwaler.AccordingtoanarticleinTheWall

StreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottleson

thetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottled

waterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit.Regardlessofhowit'ssold,the

popularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappear

cultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity.

11、WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage?

A、Itisakindoficedwater.

B、Itisjustplaintapwater.

C、Itisakindofbottledwater.

D、Itisakindofmineralwafer.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

12、Bysaying"Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater"(Lincs

3~4,Para.2),vonWiesenbergerwantstoconveythemessagethat.

A、plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinking

B、bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwater

C、bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogs'taste

D、dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

13、The"fancierbrands"(Line3,Para.5)refersto.

A、tapwaterfromtheThamesRiver

B、famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystores

C、PepsiCo'sAquafinaandCoca-Cola'sDasani

D、expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析；暫無解析

14^Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?

A、Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.

Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.

C>Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.

D、Bottledwatersatisfiesdiners'desiretobefashionable.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

15、Accordingtothepassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular?

A、Itismuchcheaperthanwine.

B、Itisconsideredhealthier.

C、Ilappealstomorecultivatedpeople.

D、Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

Volumeshavebeenwrittenabouttechnology'sabilitytoconnectpeople.Butburying

one'snoseinabookhasalwaysbeensomewhatisolating—withitsunspokenassertion

thatthereaderdoesnotwanttobedisturbed.Sowhataboutadevicethatoccupiesthe

evolvingintersection（交集）between?"Strangersconstantlyaskaboutit,"Michael

Hughes,acommunicationsassociateatJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublic

HealthinBaltimore,saidofhisiPad,whichheusestoreadamixofnovelsand

nonfiction.nIt'salmostlikehavinganewbaby."AniPadownerforfourmonths,Mr.

Hughessaidpeopleweremuchmorelikelytoapproachhimnowthanwhenhetoted（攜

帶）abook."Peopleapproachmeandasktoseeit,totouchit,howmuchIlikeit,"he

said."Thatrarelyhappenswithdead-treebooks."Withthepriceofe-readerscoming

down,salesofthesmalldevicesarerising.Lastmonth.Amazonreportedthatsofarthis

year,Kindlesaleshadtripledoverlastyear's.WhenAmazoncutKindle'spriceinJuneto

$189from$259,overthenextmonthAmazonsold180e-booksforevery100

hardcovers.Socialmannerssurroundingtheactofreadingaloneinpublicmaybe

changingalongwithincreasedpopularity.Suddenly,thelone,unapproachablereaderat

thecornertableseemslessalone.Giventhatsomee-readerscandisplaybookswhile

connectingonline,there'sachancetheformerbookwormisalreadypluggedintoa

conversationsomewhere,saidPaulLevinson,professorofconimunicationandmedia

studiesatFordhamUniversity.think,historically,therehasbeenastigma（恥辱）

attachedtothebookworm,andthatactuallycamefromthenot-untruenotionthat,ifyou

werereading,youweren'tsocializingwithotherpeople,"Dr.Levinsonsaid."Butthee-

rcadcrchangesthatalsobecausec-rcadcrsarcconnectedtobiggersystems."Formany,c-

readersaretoday'smust-haveaccessory,eatingintooldnotionsofwhatbeingbookish

mighthavemeant."Buyingliteraturehasbecomecoolagain/'hesaid.

16>Whydoestheauthorsaythatreadersaresomewhatisolated?

A、Theyimplythattheydon'twanttobedisturbed.

B、Theyburytheirnosesinthebooks.

C>Theyarelonelypeopleinnature.

D、Theydon'tconnectwithothers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。由定位句可知，之所以說那些埋頭讀書的人有些孤僻，

主要是因?yàn)樗麄兘o人們，專遞出一種無言的聲明，即他們不想被打擾，故正確答案為

Ao

17、WhatcanweconcludefromMichaelHughes'words?

A、Strangersarecuriousabouthim.

B、Hehasjusthadanewbaby.

C、HeneveruseshisiPadtoread.

D、PeoplecometohimtoaskabouthisiPad.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。由定位句可知，據(jù)邁克爾?休斯稱，人們接近他主要是

想看看或摸摸他的iPad以及詢問他本人對它的喜愛程度，故正確答案為Do

18、Whatisnewaboutthec-rcadersfortheformerbookworm?

A、Theycanbereadalonebyreadersinpublic.

Theyareownedbyloneandunapproachablereaders.

C、Theycanbeusedtolaunchaconversationwhiledisplayingbooks.

D、Theytendtotalkaboutthebackgroundinformationwhiledisplayingbooks.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。由定位句可推知，由于電子書閱讀器可以聯(lián)網(wǎng)，因此以

前的書蟲便可以自由地和他人發(fā)起對話，對他們來說，這是最新鮮的地方，故C

為正確答案。

19、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsc-readers?

A、Positive.

B、Negative.

C、Indifferent.

D、Biased.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由整篇文章的內(nèi)容可以看到，作者通篇都在講電子書閱

讀器使閱讀者可以隨時(shí)與人交流，不再像以前那樣給人一種比較孤獨(dú)和排他的感

覺，由字里行間可推斷，作者對此應(yīng)持肯定態(tài)度，故A為正確答案。

20、Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A、E-readersarebeginningtorevive.

B、E-readersbecomelessexpensive.

C、Bookwormsdonotexistanymore.

D、E-readersmakereaderslessisolated.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。由整篇文章的內(nèi)容可以看出，作者通篇表達(dá)的主題就是

電子書閱讀器的流行使閱讀者不再那么孤獨(dú)、不合群，故D為正確答案。

大學(xué)英語四級改革適用（閱讀）模擬試

卷第2套

一、仔細(xì)閱讀（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'tloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.

Sometimesyou'llhearpeoplesaythatyoucan'texpectsomeoneelsetoloveyouuntil

youloveyourself.Eitherway,you'vegottoloveyourselffirstandthiscanbetricky.

Sureweallknowthatweretheappleofourparents'eyes,andthatourGrandmasthink

wearegreattalentsandouruncleRobertsthinkthatwewillgototheOlympics,but

sometimesit'salothardertothinksuchnicethoughtsaboutourselves.Ifyoufindthat

believinginyourselfisachallenge,itistimeyoubuildapositiveself-imageandlearnto

loveyourself.Self-imageisyourownmind'spictureofyourself.Thisimageincludesthe

wayyoulook,thewayyouact,thewayyoutalkandthewayyouthink.Interestingly,our

self-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdaboutus.Unfortunately,

mostoftheseimagesarcmorenegativethantheyshouldbe,thuschangingthewayyou

thinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-imageandyourwholeworld.The

bestwaytodefeatapassiveself-imageistostepbackanddecidetostressyour

successes.Thalis,makealistifyouneedto,butwritedownallofthegreatthingsyoudo

everyday.Don'tallowdoubtstooccurinit.Itverywellmightbethatyouare

experiencinganegativeself-imagebecauseyoucan'tmovepastoneflaworweakness

thatyouseeaboutyourself.Well,rollupyoursleevesandmakeachangeofitasyour

primarytask.Ifyouthinkyouarcsillybecauseyouaren'tgoodatmath,findatutor.If

youthinkyouareweakbecauseyoucan'trunamile,gettothetrackandpractice.Ifyou

thinkyouaredullbecauseyoudon'twearthelatesttrends,buyafewnewclothes.The

bestwaytogetridofanegativeself-imageistorealizethatyourimageisfarfrom

objectiveandtoactivelyconvinceyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Changingtheway

youthinkandworkingonthoseyouneedtoimprovewillgoalongwaytowards

promotingapositiveself-image.Whenyoucanpatyourselfontheback,you'llknow

you'rewellonyourway.

1、Youneedtobuildapositiveself-imagewhenyou

A^daretochallengeyourself

B、feelithardtochangeyourself

C^areunconfidentaboutyourself

D^haveahighopinionofyourself

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題「?關(guān)鍵詞buildaposiliveself-image定位至第一段最

后——句Ifyoufindthatbelievinginyourselfisachallenge,itistimeyoubuilda

positiveself-imageandlearntoloveyourself［如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)相信自己（很優(yōu)秀）是一個(gè)

挑戰(zhàn)，那么是時(shí)候樹立一個(gè)積極的自我形象，學(xué)會愛自己了］,C項(xiàng)“對自己沒有信

心”是對該句中believinginyourselfisachallenge的司義替換。故本題選C。

2、Accordingtothepassage,ourself-images

A^havepositiveeffects

B、areprobablyuntrue

C、areoftenchangeable

D、havedifferentfunctions

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞oursefimages定位至第二段第三、四句

Interestingly,ourself-imagesareoftenquitedifferentfromtheimagesothersholdabout

us.Unfortunately,mostoftheseimagesaremorenegativethantheyshouldbe（有趣的

是，我們的自我形象往往與其他人對我們的印象大相徑庭。不幸的是，大部分人的

自我感覺比實(shí)際的自身形象更加負(fù)面），由此可知，自我形象可能并不客觀、真

實(shí)，B項(xiàng)“可能不真實(shí)”是對原文的同義替換。故本題選B。

3、Howshouldyouchangeyourself-imageaccordingtothepassage?

A、Keepadifferentimageofothers.

B、Makeyourlifesuccessful.

C、Understandyourownworld.

D、Changethewayyouthink.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題卜關(guān)鍵詞changeyourself-image定位至第二段最后一

句thuschangingthewayyouthinkaboutyourselfisthekeytochangingyourself-image

andyourwholeworld（因此，改變你對自己的看法是改變你的自我形象和整個(gè)世界

的關(guān)鍵），由此可知，D項(xiàng)“改變你的思維方式”是對原文的同義替換。故本題選

Do

4、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A、Howtoprepareforyoursuccess.

R、Howtofacechallengesinyourlife.

C、Howtobuildapositiveself-image.

D、Howtodevelopyourgoodqualities.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C-

知識點(diǎn)解析：主旨題?？v觀全文，第一段講述了愛自己的重要性以及愛自己很難實(shí)

現(xiàn)，因此我們應(yīng)當(dāng)建立積極的自我形象。第一.段闡釋了自我形象的定義以及改變自

我形象的關(guān)鍵是改變對自己的看法。最后三段講述了如何戰(zhàn)勝消極的自我形象的方

法。因此，這篇文章主要講述了如何建立積極的自我形象以及戰(zhàn)勝消極的自我形

象，C項(xiàng)“如何建立積極的自我形象”是對全文的概括總結(jié)。故本題選C。

5、Whoaretheintendedreadersofthepassage?

A、Parents.

B、Adolescents.

C、Educators.

D、Peopleingeneral.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。文章的第一段提到父母、爺爺奶奶以及叔叔對你的期望，結(jié)

合文中倒數(shù)第二段提出請家教補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的事情，可判斷作者所針對的讀者是青少

年，B項(xiàng)“青少年”是對原文的適度推斷。故本題選B。

Everyoneknowsthatlazinessisnotgood.Wehaveprobablyallhadlecturestellingthat

lazinessisimmoral,thatitiswasteful,andthatlazypeoplewillnevergainanythingin

life.Butlazinesscanbemoreharmfulthanthat,anditisoftencausedbymorecomplex

reasons.Somepeoplewhoappeartobelazyaresufferingfrommuchmoreserious

problems.Theymaynottrusttheirfellowworkersandtheyarcunabletojoininany

grouptaskforfearofbeinglaughedatorforfearofhavingtheirideasstolen.These

peoplewhoseemlazymaybeaffectedbyafearoffailurethatpreventssuccessfulwork.

Somepeoplearesobusyplanninggreatdealsthattheyareunabletodealwith"easier"

workonhand.Stillothersarenotavoidingwork;strictlyspeaking,theyaresimply

puttingofftheirwork.Laziness,however,canactuallybehelpful.Somepeoplemaylook

lazywhiletheyarereallythinking,planningandresearching.Weshouldallremember

thatgreatscientificdiscoverieshappenedbychance.Newtonwasn'tworkingonthefarm

whentheapplehithimandhedevisedthetheoryofgravity.Allofuswouldliketohave

someone"lazy"buildthecarwebuy,particularlyifthat"laziness"werecausedbythe

worker'stakingtimetocheckeachstepofhisworkandtodohisjobright.And

sometimes,being"lazy11—thatis,takingtimeoffforarest—isgoodfortheoverworked

studentsorexecutives.Takingarestcanbeparticularlyhelpfultothesportsmanwhois

tryingtoohardorthedoctorwhoissimplyworkinghimselfovertimetoomanyevenings

inthehospital.Sobecarefulwhenyouwanttocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybe

thinking,resting,orplanninghisorhernextwork.

6、Themainideaofthispassageisthat.

A、lazinessisabadhabitthateveryonewantstogetridof

BNtherearcadvantagesanddisadvantagesinbeinglazy

C、lazinessisthesignofveryseriousemotionalproblems

D^lazypeopleusuallydotheirworkmorecarefully

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。文章首段介紹了人們對懶惰的普遍看法，并列舉了懶惰的一

些原因及其帶來的危害；然后作者提出了一些不同觀點(diǎn)，舉出一些看似懶惰實(shí)則不

然的例子。通篇圍繞懶惰的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行描述，因此B項(xiàng)“懶惰既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn)”

是對全文的概括總結(jié)。故本題選B。

7、Whichofthefollowingstatementsismentionedinthepassage?

A、Lazinessisakindofmentaldisease.

B、Lazinessismorebeneficialthanharmful.

C>Lazinesscannotbeexplained.

D、Lazinessissometimesduetoafearoffailure.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段倒數(shù)第三句Thesepeoplewhoseemlazymaybe

affectedbyafearoffailurethatpreventssuccessfulwork（這些看起來懶惰的人可能會

受到對失敗的恐懼的影響，這種恐懼阻礙了工作上的成功）可知，D項(xiàng)“懶惰有時(shí)

候是由害怕失敗引起的”是對原文的同義替換。故本題選D?！薄ǔＪ怯筛鼜?fù)雜

的原因引起的“不符。

8、Whichofthefollowingideasdoesthepassagesupport?

A、Mostofthetimelazinessisagoodquality.

B、Mostassemblyworkersarelazy.

C、Theword"laziness"issometimesmisused.

D、Mostoverworkedpeoplearelazy.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。由作者貫穿全文的態(tài)度以及最后兩句Sobecarefulwhenyou

wanttocallsomeonelazy.Thatpersonmaybethinking,resting,orplanninghisorher

nextwork（所以當(dāng)你想說某人懶惰的時(shí)候要慎重。那個(gè)人可能在思考、休息，或

者在計(jì)劃他或她的下一頂工作）可知，C項(xiàng)《懶惰”一詞有時(shí)被誤用”是對原文的適

度推斷。故本題選C。

9、Theauthor'sattitudetowardslazinessis.

A、objective

B、subjective

C、critical

D、humorous

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。通讀全文可發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一段介紹了人們對懶惰的普遍看法，并

列舉了懶惰的一些原因及其帶來的危害；第二段作者指出懶惰實(shí)際上是有幫助的，

并舉例進(jìn)行說明。作者對懶惰進(jìn)行了正、反兩面的說明，相對來說是比較客觀的，

因此A項(xiàng)“客觀的”是對全文的概括總結(jié)。故本題選A。

10、Asisusedinthispassage,theword"devised"（inParagraph2）probably

means.

A^understood

B>wrote

C、discovered

D^proved

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：含義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"devised”和inParagraph2定位至第二段第

四句Newtonwasn'tworkingonthefarmwhentheapplehithimandhedevisedthe

theoryofgravity（當(dāng)牛頓被蘋果砸到的時(shí)候，他并沒行在農(nóng)場工作，但是他萬仃引

力理論），結(jié)合文意和常識可知，牛頓最先發(fā)現(xiàn)了力有引力，所以devised意為“發(fā)

現(xiàn)，找到“，與C項(xiàng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)”意思相近。故本題選C。

Thenumberof10-ycar-oldscautionedorconvictedofcrimesinEnglandandWaleshas

fallensteeply,from710in2010to47lastyear.Thismarksasignificantimprovementin

theapproachtoyoungpeopletakenbythepoliceandcriminaljusticesystem.Since

evidenceoverwhelminglyshowsthatcontactwithpolice,courtsandprisonsisharmfulto

children,findingotherwaystodealwiththemispreferable.Butpraiseforthisdramatic

changemustbetemperedbyanawarenessofthewaysinwhichthesystemhasgot

worse.Guardian'sinvestigationofyouthcourtshashighlightedtheimpactofcourt

closures,includingwhollyunacceptabledelaysthatleavechildrenanuncertainfuture.

Meanwhile,theyouthreoffendingratehasalsorisen.Againstthisbackdrop,combined

withcontinuedandseriousdysfunctionintheyouthprisonsector,raisingtheageof

criminalresponsibilitymightnotappeartobethemosturgentpriority.Butalongwith

measurestolimitinstitutionaldelays,increasingtheageatwhichchildrencanbearrested

andchargedwithacrimefrom10to14——perhapsintwostages,asrecommendedbythe

children'scommissionertorEngland,AnneLongtield—isoneofthemostimportant

stepsthatshouldnowbetaken.With12regardedasthelowestacceptableagebytheUN

andotherinternationalbodies,and10thelowestageinanyEUcountry,theUK's

criminalisationofprimary-school-agedchildrenisanationaldisgrace.Suchamove

wouldofcourserequireameasureofpoliticalcourage.Butthepublicaswellas

professionalshavemovedonwhilethelawhasnot.Theageofcriminalresponsibility

hasbeen10inEngland,WalesandNorthernIrelandsincethe1960s.Afteranawful

youthcrime,thelawwastoughenedin1998toremovetheprincipleofdoliincapax,

whichrequiredprosecutorstoprovethatchildrenunder14understoodthedifference

betweenwhatwaswrongandwhatwasnaughty.Morethan20yearson,childrenshould

notbesufferingthesocietalconsequencesofacrimethattookplacebeforetheywere

born.Allpartiesshouldnowcommittolegislationthattakesaccountofcontemporary

knowledgebothoftheimpactofadverseearlyexperiencesonchildren,andthescience

oftheirdevelopingbrains.Thatchildrenwhomthelawforbidsfrombuyingapctora

lotteryticketaretreatedascriminallyresponsibleisaninsultnotjusttothem,buttous

all.

11、Theimprovedapproachtotheyoung.

A、helpsshieldthemfromcontactwithpoliceandcourts

offersasecondchancetothoserecklesschildren

C、isconducivetopsychologicalhealthofchildren

D、avoidschildren'sexposuretocriminalcases

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Theimprovedapproach可定位至第一段第

二句，該句句首為代詞This,需倒推至上一句確定其所指代的對象。第一句提及

Thenumberof10-year-oldscautionedorconvictedofcrimesinEnglandandWaleshas

fallensteeply,from710in2010to47lastyear（在英格蘭和威爾士，10歲兒童被警

告或定罪的人數(shù)大幅下降，2010年為710人，去年降至47人），由此可知，警察

和刑事司法系統(tǒng)對待年輕人方式的改善使他們遠(yuǎn)離警方和法院，A項(xiàng)“幫助他們遠(yuǎn)

離警方和法院”是對第一段第一句的適度推斷。故本題選A。

12、Guardian'sinvestigationofyouthcourtsismentionedtoillustrate

A、thedisadvantagesofcourtclosures

B、thediscriminationagainstchildren

C、thedeterioratingcriminaljusticesystem

D、theever-increasingreoffendingrates

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：例證題。限據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Guardian'sinvestigationofyouthcourts可定

位至第二段第二句，該句為論據(jù)，解答例證題通常需要在前一句尋找論點(diǎn)，故進(jìn)一

步定位到第一句。C項(xiàng)“刑事司法系統(tǒng)的惡化”是對第一句中thesystemhasgot

worse（刑事司法系統(tǒng)變差）的同義替換。故本題選C。

13、Whichofthefollowingistrueofthecurrentageofcriminalresponsibilityinthe

UK?

A、Itequalsto（helowestacceptableagebytheUN.

B>Itnowneedstobeincreasedinstages.

C^Itcanberaisedtoaddressinstitutionaldelays.

D^Ithelpstoestablishagoodinternationalimage.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。艱據(jù)