新教材英語人教版選擇性必修第四冊學(xué)案unit3 Sea Exploration Using Language

Unit3SeaExploration

UsingLanguage

詞匯積淀?素養(yǎng)初探

I.根據(jù)語境寫出正確的單詞

1.themigration（遷移）routesofbirds

2.adirectory（電話號碼簿）ofhotels

3.exploit（開發(fā)）one'stalents

4.a20-gallon（加侖）fishtank

5.amurder（兇殺）case

6.aheartfullofmercv（仁慈）

7.makepublicpropertyone'sprivatepossession（擁有）

8.apoliticalopponent（反對者）

9.logged（載入正式記錄的）30,000airmilesinApril

10.marine（海的）exploration

11.thearrest（逮捕）ofacriminalsuspect

II.根據(jù)語境用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕椤⒏痹~填空

1.Therewasamassmigrationofpoverty-struckfarmersintothecities.

2.Sheappealedtothejudgetohavemercyonherhusband.

3.Thehometeamwasinpossessionduringmostofthefourthquarter.

4.Shewasstoppedoutsidetheshopandplacedunderarrest.

in.翻譯下列課文原句并觀察黑體部分

1.Plasticpollutionisalsobad,killingmanybirdsandfish,andhas

evenbeenfoundinourtapwater.

塑料污染也很嚴(yán)重，殺死了許多鳥和魚，甚至在我們的自來水中也發(fā)

現(xiàn)了。

2.Thereareprobablyvastamountsofresourcesundertheseaandice,

notjustoilandgasbutalsovaluableminerals.

海洋和冰下可能蘊(yùn)藏著大量的資源，不僅僅是石油和天然氣，還有寶

貴的礦物。

3.Hopefully,astechnologyimproves,wemayhavemoreoptionsfor

managingthisbalance.

希望隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，我們可以有更多的選擇來控制這種平衡。

閱讀精研?素養(yǎng)構(gòu)建

I.文本整體理解：理清文章架構(gòu)

1.Skimthepassageandfillintheblanks

Text1

▲Moreexplorationmeansmore

(l)Seaexplorationhas(2)pollution.

causedmanyproblems▲(3)Miningforresourcesisverydamaging.

▲(4)Overfishingisanotherproblem.

Text2

Moreresearchis(6)necessary.

SeaexplorationisWeneednew(7)resourcesforfuture

importantforourdevelopment.

(5)future.⑻Environmentalrisksshouldbebalanced

witheconomicneeds.

2.Whatisthetexttypeofthepassage?

A.Narration.(記敘文)

B.Argumentativeessay.(議論文)

C.Expositorywriting.(說明文)

D.Practicalwriting(應(yīng)用文)

答案:C

3.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?

Text1ismainlvabouttheproblemscausedbvseaexplorationbutText2

centersontheimportanceofseaexplorationforhumans.

II.文本細(xì)節(jié)理解：探尋語篇細(xì)節(jié)信息

1.Choosethebestanswer

(l)WhydoesthewritermentiontheDeepwaterHorizon?

A.Toshowithasmoregallonsofoil.

B.Toexplainitsinfluenceonanimals.

C.Tostressthebadeffectofplastic.

D.Toproveithascausedseriouspollution.

(2)Whatisthemainideaofthethirdparagraph?

A.ThespeedofthemeltingiceinArctic.

B.ThediscoveryoffossilfuelsinArctic.

C.ThedamagingresourcesintheArctic.

D.TheinfluenceofclimateontheArctic.

(3)Whatdoesthefirstwriterthinkofthesea?

A.Itbelongstohumans.

B.Itisthehabitatoflife.

C.Itislesssensitiveactually.

D.Itisthepossessionsoffuturegenerations.

(4)Whatmakesitnecessaryforustoexploreseas?

A.Thedevelopmentoftechnology.

B.Thevalueofmineralsunderthesea.

C.Therisingnumberofpopulation.

D.Theoccurrenceofearthquakes.

答案:⑴?⑷DDBC

2.Rereadthepassageandfillintheblanks

MoreexplorationAGallonsofoilisspilledintothe

meansmoresea

Theproblems

(l)pollution▲Plasticpollution

ofexploring

Miningfor★Climatechangemakes⑶ice

sea

resourcesisveryless

(2)damaging★L(fēng)ookformorefossilfuels

furthernorth

★Theicewillmeltmore

(4)Overfishingisanotherproblem

Helpaddressimportantissuessuchas(5)climatechange

UnderstandingHelpusmanageits(6)resources

moreabouttheseabetter

LoggingnewImproveourunderstandingoflife

Sea

(7)speciesontheearth.

explorationis

AccessingthedeepHelpustopredict(8)eventssuch

importantfor

oceanasearthquakes

ourfuture.

?Newresourcesforgrowing(9)population

?Moreresourcesunderseaandice

?Balancethe(lO)economicneedsandenvironmental

risks

m.文本素養(yǎng)提升：閱讀技能綜合運(yùn)用

1.根據(jù)課文語境與語句知識細(xì)致解構(gòu)語句

（1）Becauseofclimalechange,〔hereislessicenew.

原因狀語主句

whichmeanswecanlookformorefossilfuelsfurlhcrnorth.

非限制性定語從句

譯文：由于氣候變化，現(xiàn)在的冰減少了，這意味著我們可以在更遠(yuǎn)的北

方尋找更多的化石燃料。

(2)Weneediounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothat

主句賓語從句

wecantakeaction.

Fl的狀語從句

譯文：我們需要了解我們的星球正在發(fā)生什么,這樣我們才能采取行

動。

2.閱讀主題活動

(l)Whatisoverfishing?

Overfishingiscloselytiedtobycatch-thecaptureofunwantedsea

lifewhilefishingforadifferentspecies.This,too,isaseriousmarine

threatthatcausestheneedlesslossofbillionsoffish,alongwith

hundredsofthousandsofseaturtlesandcetaceans.

Thedamagedonebvoverfishinggoesbevondthemarine

environment.Billionsofpeoplerelvonfishforprotein,andfishin日is

theprincipallivelihoodformillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.

(2)WhatdidwelearnfromtheDeepwaterHorizondisaster?

TheDeepwaterHorizooblowoutcauseduasandoiltospillintothe

GulfofMexicofor87days.Yearsafterthisenvironmentaldisaster,

scientistsstudyingthespillbetterunderstandthecomplexprocesses

thataffecthowoiltransformsanddegradesinthewaterandjusthow

resilientecosystemscanbetosuchadisturbance.Thedisasterresponse

alsodidnothingtodearupdebatesaboutchemicalscalleddispersants

thatareoftenusedinspillcleanups.Researchershopethatthe

technologicaladvancesoverthepastdecade-andtheknowledge

日ained——willbetterpreparetheworldforthenextbigspill.

(3)Howdohumanactivitiesaffecttheoceans?

Humanactivitiesaffectnecrlnallpartsoftheocean.Lostand

discardedfishingnetscontinuetolethallvsnarefish,seabirds,and

marinemammalsastheydrift.Shipsspilloilandgarbage;theyalso

transportcritterstoalienhabitatsunpreparedfortheirarrival,turning

themintoinvasivespecies.Mangroveforestsareclearedforhomesand

industry.

Climatechangecurrentlvaffectin日thnplanetbecauseofhigh

greenhouse日asemissionsfromhumansisstrikinHyreflectedinthe

oceans.Thegreenhouse日ascarbondioxideisalsoturnin日oceanwaters

acidic,andaninfluxoffreshwaterfrommeltingglaciersthreatensto

altertheweather-drivingcurrents.

要點(diǎn)精研?素養(yǎng)奠基

1.mercyn.仁慈；寬?。欢骰?/p>

*Althoughthiswasbannedin1982,somecountriesarestill“murdering"

theseintelligentcreatureswithoutmercy.

盡管這在1982年被禁止，但一些國家仍然毫不留情地"謀殺〃這些聰明

的生物。

*Havinglosttheengine'spower,theboatwasnowatthemercyofthe

wind.

發(fā)動機(jī)壞了，這艘船現(xiàn)在任由大風(fēng)擺布。

*Hewassuchacruelmanthatheshowednomercytoothers.

他是一個(gè)那么殘酷的人以至于他對別人毫無憐憫之情。

*Theyhadmercyontheirneighborforhesufferedalot.=Theyshowed

mercytotheirneighborforhesufferedalot.

他們對鄰居表示同情，他受的苦難太多了。

showmercytosb.憐憫某人

havemercyon對....表示憐憫

atthemercyof任憑....的擺布；在....的支配中

withoutmercy殘忍地，毫無同情心地

【即學(xué)活用】語法填空

(l)Hewillbegenerousandmerciful(mercy)tothosewhoareweakerthan

himself.

(2)SopitifullydidshepleadthattheBarongrewcalmanddecidedtohave

mercyonher.

(3)Theyshowedlittlemercytotheenemies.

(4)Thepolicemenshotthecrocodilewithoutmercy.

(5)Theboatwasatthemercyoftherapidriver.

2.possessionn.個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)；擁有；控制

*Theseaishometolife,nothumanbeings'possessions.

海洋是生命的家園，而不是人類的財(cái)產(chǎn)。

*ThecompanythatTomisinpossessionofwasonceinthepossessionof

hisuncle.

湯姆現(xiàn)在擁有的公司曾經(jīng)是他叔叔的。

*0nherfather'sdeath,shecameintopossessionofavastfortune.父

親死后，她繼承了一大筆財(cái)產(chǎn)。

*Wedidn'ttakepossessionofthecaruntilafewdaysaftertheauction.

拍賣會過后幾天，我們才真正拿到了那輛車。

beinpossessionofsth.擁有/占有某物

beinthepossessionofsb./beinone'spossession

為某人所有；歸某人所有

havepossessionof擁有

comeintopossessionof占有某物

get/takepossessionof占領(lǐng)；奪取

【即學(xué)活用】語法填空

(1)Heisinpossessionofthehouse.

=Thehouseisinthepossessionofhim.

(2)HetookpossessionofalotofjewelsfromMrWhite.

(3)Hehadcomeintopossessionofalargefortune.

(4)Doestheyoungmanstandingtherehavepossessionofthecompany?

3.arrestn.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止

*A$5millionrewardhasbeenannouncedforinformationleadingtothe

arrestofthoseresponsibleforthemurder.

一項(xiàng)500萬美元的懸賞已經(jīng)公布，以獲得逮捕那些對這起謀殺事件負(fù)

責(zé)的人的信息。

*Heissaidtobeunderarrestforspreadingonlinerumors.

據(jù)說他由于傳播網(wǎng)絡(luò)謠言被捕了。

*Anunusualpaintingarrestedhisattention.

一幅異乎尋常的畫引起了他的注意。

*Afterthematchthreeyouthsgotarrested.

比賽過后，有三個(gè)青年被捕。

*Hewasarrestedforfakingsomefamouspaintings.

他由于偽造一些名畫而被逮捕。

arrestsb.forsth.因....逮捕某人

getarrested(人)被逮捕

arrestone'sattention引起某人的注意

beunderarrest被逮捕

makeanarrest進(jìn)彳亍逮捕

【即學(xué)活用】

(l)Shewa、arrestedfordrug-relatedoffences.

她因涉嫌毒品犯罪而被捕。

(2)Youshouldn'tdothingslikethat.Youcouldgetdirected!

你不應(yīng)該做那樣的事。你會被捕的!

(3)ThebrightcoloursoftheflowersarrestedthegiiTsattention.

花的艷麗色彩引起了那姑娘的注意。

(4)You'reunderarrest.You'reheretoassistmyinvestigation.

你已經(jīng)被捕了，你來這里是協(xié)助我辦案的。

讀寫結(jié)合?表達(dá)升級

如何寫辯論性文章——海洋探測

,文體感知

辯論性文章屬于議論文。議論文主要針對某一觀點(diǎn)或問題(一般為

有爭議的觀點(diǎn)或問題)發(fā)表議論和看法，因此寫此類文章時(shí)要考慮的論

據(jù)多為正反兩個(gè)方面。通過對有爭議的觀點(diǎn)或問題的不同看法進(jìn)行比

較，然后進(jìn)行分析和評論，最后提出自己的看法，表達(dá)自己支持或反對

的態(tài)度并加以論證說明，得出結(jié)論。

典題演練

假如你是李華，學(xué)校即將舉行以"Isitnecessaryforhumansto

exploreoceans?〃為題目的英語作文比賽，請按照下列要求寫一篇80詞

左右的議論文。要點(diǎn)如下：

1.使海洋可持續(xù)發(fā)展

2.了解海洋環(huán)境

3.更好地了解氣候

謀篇立意、

議論文,探索海洋

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；第一人稱

首段：論點(diǎn)

中段：論據(jù)

尾段：結(jié)論

1.使海洋可持續(xù)發(fā)展

2.了解海洋環(huán)境

3.更好地了解氣候

遁詞造句'

完成句子

1.它可以建立更好地理解環(huán)境變化所需的基本信息。

Itcanestablishthebasicinformationneededtobetterunderstand

environmentalchange.

2.這有助于科學(xué)家解決目前的情況。

Ithelpsscientiststoaddresscurrentsituations.

3.這有助于科學(xué)家預(yù)測未來可能出現(xiàn)的情況。

Ithelpsscientiststopredictthefuturesituationsthatmayemerge.

4.它還可以讓我們了解海洋中可利用的物質(zhì)，生命形式是如何生存的,

以及人類如何在海底生存或充分利用深海資源。

Itcanalsogiveusknowledgeaboutwhatareavailableinoceans,how

thelifeformslive,andfindouthowhumanscansurvivedownthereor

make200duseofthedepth'sresources.

5.海洋是我們賴以滿足食物、能源等需求的資源之一。

Theseacanbeoneoftheresourcesforustorelyontofulfilltheneeds

suchasfood,enercv,etc.

6.它還可以幫助我們跟蹤發(fā)生在海洋上的氣候變化以及可能影響我們

生活的因素。

Itcanhelpuskeeptrackoftheclimatechangesthathappentotheocean

andwhatmightaffectourlife.

7.海洋探險(xiǎn)對人類有很大的好處。

Seaexplorationwillbeofgreatbenefittohumans.

句式升級

8.用which非限制性定語從句合并句1,句2和句3

Itcanestablishthebasicinformationneededtobetterunderstand

environmentalchange,whichhelenscientiststoaddressbothcurrent

situationsandtopredictthefuturesituationsthatmayemerge.

9.用because合并句4和句5

Itcanalsogiveusknowledgeaboutwhatareavailableinoceans,how

thelifeformslive,andfindouthowhumanscansurvivedownthereor

makegooduseofthedepth'sresources,becausetheseacanbeoneof

theresourcesforustorelvontofulfilltheneedssuchasfood,energv,

etc.

完美成篇,

Isitnecessaryforhumanstoexploreoceans?

Iagreewiththeviewthatitisnecessaryforhumanstoexploreseas.

First,itcanestablishthebasicinformationneededtobetter

understandenvironmentalchange,whichhelpsscientiststoaddress

bothcurrentsituationsandtopredictthefuturesituationsthatmay

emerge.Moreover,itcanalsogiveusknowledgeaboutwhatare

availableinoceans,howthelifeformslive,andfindouthowhumans

cansurvivedownthereormakegooduseofthedepth'sresources,

becausetheseacanbeoneoftheresourcesforustorelyontofulfillthe

needssuchasfood,energy,etc.Inaddition,itcanhelpuskeeptrack

oftheclimatechangesthathappentotheoceanandwhatmightaffect

ourlife.

Insum,seaexplorationwillbeofgreatbenefittohumans.

素材積累

1.話題詞匯

(l)monster怪物

(2)attack襲擊

(3)creature生物

⑷sighting目擊

(5)hairy多毛的

(6)frightening嚇人的

(7)mysterious神秘的

2.話題句式

(l)TheGreyManisafrighteningcreaturethatlivesinScotland.

灰人是生活在蘇格蘭的一種可怕的生物。

(2)Theysaythatthelow-temperatureseaisunlikelytobeabletosupport

suchlargelivingcreatures.

他們說水溫這樣低的海里不可能有體型如此巨大的生物生存。

(3)Heclaimstohaveseenaroundblackcreaturemovingquicklythrough

thewater.

他聲稱看見了一個(gè)圓的黑色生物在水中快速移動。

(4)Therichmarinebiologicalresources,mineralresources,chemical

resourcesandpowerresourcesareanindispensableresourcetreasure

houseofhuman.

豐富的海洋生物資源，礦產(chǎn)資源，化學(xué)資源和電力資源是人類賴以生

存的必不可少的資源寶庫。

(5)Themainobjectiveofthecurrentmarineconservationistoprotect

marinebiologicalresources.當(dāng)前海洋保護(hù)的主要目標(biāo)是保護(hù)海洋生物

資源。

(6)Weshouldmaintaintheregenerationabilityofmarinebiological

resourcesandthenaturalpurificationcapacityofwater,preservationof

themarineecologicalbalanceinordertoensurethesustainablehuman

developmentandutilizationofocean.

我們應(yīng)該保持海洋生物資源的再生能力和水的自然凈化能力，維護(hù)海

洋生態(tài)平衡，以確保人類的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和海洋的持續(xù)利用。

課時(shí)檢測?素養(yǎng)達(dá)標(biāo)

I.根據(jù)語境及漢語提示寫出正確單詞

1.Asaresultofthiswestwardmi日ration（遷移），Americanseventually

occupiedthewholecontinent—fromtheAtlantictothePacific.

2.Lookuptheirnumberinthetelephonedirectory（目錄）.

3.Carl'sstartingcollegeinSeptember.Meanwhile（與此同時(shí)）,he's

travellingaroundEurope.

4.Weneedtomakesurethatweexploit（開發(fā)）ourresourcesasfullyas

possible.

5.Wedrankgallons（加I侖）ofcoffeetokeepourselvesawake.

6.Herhusbandwasmurdered（謀殺）bygunmenasshewatched.

7.Aftertheboat'smotorfailed,theywereatthemercv（仁慈）ofthe

weather.

8.Thepossession（擁有）oflargeamountsofmoneydoesnotensure

happiness.

9.Leadingopponents（對手）oftheproposedcutsindefencespendingwill

meetlatertoday.

10.Detailsofthecrimearethenlogged（t己錄）inthecomputer.

11.Marine（海洋的）biologistsareconcernedabouttheeffectsof

untreatedsewagethatisflowingintocoastalwaters.

12.Thepolicesaysevenpeoplewerearrested（逮捕）forminoroffences.

II.選詞填空

withoutmercy,havepossessionof,behometo,arrestone's

attention,aswellas,takeaction

1.Theparkishometobears,wolves,andotherwildanimals.

2.Markwasmainlyinterestedinsportatschool,playingrugbyaswell

assoccer.

3.Itshightimethatweshouldtakeactiontoprotectthewater

resources.

4.Atthefirstsignofmovement,theyshotwithoutmercy.

5.Thebrightcolorsoftheflowersarrestedhisattention.

6.Howdohumanbeingshavepossessionofhealthyphysiqueand

self-containedmentality,whenenjoyingaffluentmateriallife?

課時(shí)素養(yǎng)評價(jià)

九Unit3UsingLanguage

語用訓(xùn)練

I.單句語法填空

1.Changeofclimatemusthavehadapowerfulinfluenceonmigration

(migrate).

2.Ihaveinmypossession(possess)aletterwhichmaybeofinterestto

you.

3.Theyhavenomercyonthepoorfatheranddaughter.

4.Amanisunderarrestfollowingthesuspiciousdeathofhiswife.

5.Fifteenmilliontreeshadbeenblowndownbythehighwinds,

blocking(block)roads,pathsandrailwaylines.

6.Whatmakeshisparentsworriedisnothisgradesbutthathehasn'tany

interestinlearning.

7.Manychemicalshaveadamaminc(damage)effectontheenvironment.

8.Bothofthemhavebeenthroughanawfullotandhopefull。(hopeful)

nowIcanhelpthemrebuildtheirlives.

9.Theaudienceapplauded(applause)theirfavoritesingerasshecameon

thestage.

10.Thereisnothingbutcriticismfortheuntruecoverage(cover)ofthe

footballgameonthewebsite.

n.完成句子

1.Theywerelostatthesea,atthemercvofthewindandweather.

他們在海上迷了路，任憑風(fēng)和天氣的擺布。

2.Wecan'ttakepossessionofthehouseuntilallthepapershavebeen

signed.

所有的文件都簽字以后，我們才能擁有這房子。

3.AsIlookedthroughthebook,severalprintingmistakesarrestedmy

sight.

我翻閱這木書時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾個(gè)印刷錯(cuò)誤。

4.Theymaybeabletohelpwithchildcaresothatvoucanhave。break.

他們可以幫忙照料孩子，這樣你就可以歇一歇了。

5.Scientistshavebeenexploringspace,andmeanwhilemanned

submersiblesarebeingimprovedunderwater.

科學(xué)家們一直在探索太空，同時(shí)載人潛艇也在水下改進(jìn)。

——?主題閱讀?一

I.閱讀理解

A

WeknowmoreaboutthesurfaceoftheplanetMarsthanweknow

aboutwhatisatthebottomofEarth'soceans.Untilrecently,scientists

hadmappedonlyabout20percentoftheseafloor.Butourknowledgeof

thedeepseasischangingbecauseofinformationfromsatellites.Scientists

haveproducedanewmapthatprovidesadetailedpictureoftheoceans.

Thenewmapistwiceasdetailedasthemapmade20yearsago.

DavidSandwellisageophysicsprofessorattheScrippsInstitutionof

OceanographyattheUniversityofCalifornia.Heandotherscientists

workedonthemappingproject.Hesaystheyturnedtospacetolook

deewintotheocean.

“Thewaywe'redoingthatistouseasatellitealtimeter（測高儀），a

radartomapthetopography什也形）oftheoceansurface.Thatisbecause

theoceansurfacetopographyisdifferentbecauseofgravitational（弓I力的）

effects.w

Thescientistscollectedandstudiedinformationfromtwosatellites.

OnewastheEuropeanSpaceAgency'sCryo-2satellitethatwasplacedin

Earth'sorbittowatchseaice.TheothersatelliteistheAmericanspace

agency/sJason-1,studyingthesurfaceoftheoceans.Scientists

combinedthesatellitedatawithimagesgatheredbyequipmentonships.

Theequipmentworksbysendingsoundwavesthroughthewater.When

thesoundwaveshitanobject,itspresenceisconfirmed.

Thenewmapshowstheseafloorasithasneverbeenseenbefore.It

showsthousandsofunderwatermountainsandplaceswherecontinents

pulledapart.Itshowswhereearthquakeswereactivemanyyearsago.In

oneplace,threemountainridges（山脊）joinatthesamearea."It'scalled

theIndianOceanTripleJunction.It/soneofmyfavoritespotsintheocean.

Youhavethreeplates—theAfricanplate,andtheIndo-Australianplate

andtheAntarcticplate—allconnectedatthisonepointinthecenterof

theIndianOcean,"saysDavidSandwell.

Themapisapowerfultoolforthoseinterestedinprotectingthe

environmentandforoilexploration.Italsocanhelpshipstravelsafelyand

improvescientificprojectsworldwide.Ofcourse,scientistswillmake

manymorediscoveriesastheyexaminethenewmapandtheinformation

itprovides.

【文章大意】本文是說明文。講述科學(xué)家繪制了海底面積百分之二十

的地圖，得益于衛(wèi)星傳來的信息，有助于我們對于深海的了解更加詳

細(xì)。

1.Wecanowethesuccessofthenewmappingprojectto.

A.thedetailsoftheoldmap

B.Europe'scooperationwithAmerica

C.scientists'continualmeasuringworkunderthesea

D.theapplicationofradarandsoundwavemeasuringequipment

【解析】選Do推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的Thewaywe'redoingthatisto

useasatellitealtimeter,aradartomapthetopographyoftheocean

surface彳口第四段的Theequipmentworksbysendingsoundwaves

throughthewater.Whenthesoundwaveshitanobject,itspresenceis

confirmed.可知，我們可以把新的繪圖項(xiàng)目的成功歸功于雷達(dá)和聲波

測量設(shè)備的應(yīng)用。故選D。

2.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mean?

A.Theyhopedtousespacetechnologytomaptheoceanfloor.

B.Theywantedthesatellitetoproducethemap.

C.Theyhadneverexploredthedeeperocean.

D.Theydecidedtosearchtheouterspace.

［解析】選A。詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文DavidSandwell教授說的Theway

we'redoingthatistouse...differentbecauseofgravitationaleffects.可

知，畫線部分說的是他們求助于太空來更深入地探索海洋，也就是希

望利用空間技術(shù)繪制海底地圖。故選A。

3.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?

A.Thefunctionofsoundwaves.

B.Thedifferencesoftwosatellites.

C.Thedifficultiesofmappingtheoceans

D.Theprocessofmappingtheoceanfloor.

【解析】選D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，本段講述科學(xué)家們

從兩顆衛(wèi)星收集和研究信息?？茖W(xué)家將衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)與船上設(shè)備收集的圖

像結(jié)合起來。因此推斷本段主要講述繪制海床的過程。故選D。

4.Thefifthparagraphisusedto.

A.showthediscoverythroughthenewmap

B.provetheearthquakeswereactiveundertheocean

C.explainhowtheoceanfloordeveloped

D.introducewhattheunderwatermountainswerelike

【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的Thenewmapshowsthesea

floor...manyyearsago.可知，本段被用來展示新地圖的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A。

B

“Shineinthedark“dolphinsmayseemlikesomethingstraightoutof

asciencefictionmovie.However,thatispreciselywhatNewportCoastal

Adventures'CaptainRyanLawlerandprofessionalvideographerPatrick

Coynewitnessed,whentheysetouttoexplorethespectacularblue

tidesthathavebeenlightingupthewatersoffSouthernCalifornia'scoast

sincemid-April.

Thepartnerscannedtheoceanforhoursandwasreturningtoshore

whentheyspottedthe“electric"dolphinsswimmingthroughthebloomof

shiningplankton（浮游生物）.Thevideographer,whohadseenthe

phenomenononlyoncebeforeinaNetflixshow,sayscatchingthe

scenesprovedtobealotharderthanhehadexpected."Forstarters,the

shiningplanktonhassweetspotstowhereitshowsupandthenfades

away,sowhileonthewater,it'simpossibletojustfindit,"Coynesays.

“Also,conditionshavetobeabsolutelyperfectfortheshiningplankton

toshowandforanimalstoswimthroughitsowecanfilmit."

Thoughwitnessingshiningsealifeisrare,theelectrifyingblue

oceansceneryisafairlycommonsightaroundSouthernCalifornia

betweenFebruaryandSeptember.Thephenomenoncanbeattributedto

thepresenceofmillionsofplankton,whichtendtogatherand

reproduceinlargequantitiesinthewarmcoastalwatersduringthistime.

ThoughamajorityofCalifornia'sredtidesarecausedbyplankton

speciesthatdonotproducedeadlypoison,somealgalblooms（藻花）can

bedangerousforseaanimals,especiallywhentheystayforlongperiods

oftime.In2018,analmostyear-long“redtide“alongFlorida'sGulfcoast

causedbytheexcessivegrowthofmicroalgaeKareniaBrevis,killed

hundredsoffishandotherseaanimals.

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了發(fā)光的浮游生物，以及說明

了浮游生物過度生長會導(dǎo)致海洋生物的死亡。

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"sweetspots“inParagraph2mean?

A.Aseaplant.

B.Alostworld.

C.Aperfectmoment.

D.Amissingcamera.

【解析】選Co詞義猜測題。由第二段中的"Forstarters,theshining

plankton...it/simpossibletojustfindit,"可知，發(fā)光的浮游生物在它們

出現(xiàn)和消失的地方都有自己的閃光點(diǎn)，"sweetspots”指的是浮游生物出

現(xiàn)和消失的地方，是一個(gè)完美的時(shí)刻。故選（：項(xiàng)。

6.Whatisthemainreasonforthesealifeshining?

A.Theyabsorbthelightintheoceanandthenreflectit.

B.Theyaresurroundedbymillionsofshiningplankton.

C.Theyswimthroughtheoceanwithelectricityinlargequantities.

D.Theybenefitfromthewarmwatertopowerthemselves.

【解析】選Bo細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的"Thoughwitnessingshiningsea

lifeisrare...duringthistime.〃可知，海洋生物發(fā)光的主要原因是，它們

被數(shù)百萬閃亮的浮游生物包圍著。故選B項(xiàng)。

7.Whatcausedthedeathofsomeseaanimalsaccordingtothetext?

A.Redtides.

B.Humanexploration.

C.Warmwater.

D.Algalblooms.

【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的"Thoughamajorityof

California'sredtides...killedhundredsoffishandotherseaanimals.

可知，造成海洋生物死亡的原因是藻類的繁殖。故選D項(xiàng)。

8.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?

A.Science.

B.Health.

C.Entertainment.

D.Education.

【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹了發(fā)光的浮

游生物，以及說明了浮游生物過度生長會導(dǎo)致海洋生物的死亡?？梢酝?/p>

斷，這篇說明文可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)版面。故選A項(xiàng)。

n.閱讀填句

BeginningwithChineseeffortstoexploreandconnectwithCentral

Asia,theSilkRoadconsistedofmassivesmallroutesandwasnamed

afterthesilkcloththeChineseproduced.1Throughtheseroutes,

Chinesesilk,porcelain,lacquerworkandironwarewereshippedtothe

West,whilepepper,flax,spices,grapeandpomegranateentered

China.

2Theypromotedflowofknowledgeaswell.Arabastronomy,

calendarandmedicinefoundtheirwaytoChina,whileChina'sfourgreat

inventionsandsilkwormbreedingspreadtootherpartsoftheworld.

3Forexample,BuddhismoriginatedinIndia,blossomedinChina

andwasenrichedinSoutheastAsia.Confucianism,whichwasbornin

China,gainedappreciationbyEuropeanthinkerssuchasLeibnizand

Voltaire.Hereinliestheappealofmutual（相互的）learning.

Theancientsilkrouteswitnessedthebusyscenesofvisitsandtrade

overlandandshipscallingatports.Alongthesemajorroutes,capital,

technologyandpeopleflowedfreely.4Theancientprosperous

citiesandportsdeveloped,sodidtheRomanEmpireaswellasParthia

andKushanKingdoms.TheHanandTangDynastiesofChinaenteredthe

goldenage.Theancientsilkroutesbroughtprosperitytotheseregionsand

contributedtotheirdevelopment.

SomeregionsalongtheancientSilkRoadusedtobealandofmilk

andhoney.Yettoday,theseplacesareoftenassociatedwithconflict,

crisisandchallenge.5Now,theBeltandRoadInitiativeintends

tobuildanopenplatformofcooperationandabroadcommunityof

sharedinterests.Itwillnotonlyachieveeconomicgrowthandbalanced

development,butalsoconnectdifferentcivilizations.Mutual

understanding,mutualrespect,andmutualtrustamongdifferent

countrieswillbeboosted.

A.Moreimportantly,ideaswerealsoexchanged.

B.Theancientsilkrouteswerenotonlyfortrade.

C.Goods,resourcesandbenefitswerewidelyshared.

D.Suchstateofaffairsshouldnotbeallowedtocontinue.

E.However;silkwasjustoneofmanygoodstradedontheseroutes.

F.Largeempiresprovidedstabilityandprotectionforthetraderoutes.

G.TheSilkRoadwasneveranactualroad,orevenasinglemassivetrade

route.

【文章大意】本文是說明文，介紹了絲綢之路的發(fā)展歷史和意義，不僅

有物資貿(mào)易，也有知識傳播和觀念的交流?，F(xiàn)在的〃一帶一路〃提供了一

個(gè)合作、均衡發(fā)展的平臺。

1.【解析】選E。此處是詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)線索。根據(jù)后一句〃通過這些路線，中

國絲綢、瓷器、漆器和鐵器被運(yùn)往西方，而辣椒、亞麻、香料、葡萄和

石榴進(jìn)入中國〃可知此段說的是絲綢之路上物資的貿(mào)易。silk是詞匯復(fù)

現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)E意為：然而，絲綢只是在這些路線上交易的許多商品之一。

故選E項(xiàng)。

2.【解析】選B。此處是邏輯線索和代詞指代。后一句aswell表示遞

進(jìn)關(guān)系，notonly與aswell相關(guān)聯(lián)。選項(xiàng)B意為：古代