高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解做題技巧

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解專題練習(xí)

（名師剖析解題思路與技巧+WORD版本真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練，對(duì)高考

實(shí)戰(zhàn)具有重大參考價(jià)值，建議下載打印練習(xí)）

考試大綱對(duì)英語(yǔ)閱讀作了以下說(shuō)明：

1.理解語(yǔ)篇主旨大意：2.理解文中具體信息；

3.根據(jù)上下文提供的線索推測(cè)生詞的詞義：4.做出簡(jiǎn)單的判斷和推理；

5.理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；6.理解作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度。

一.主旨大意+作者的觀點(diǎn)、意圖和態(tài)度

設(shè)題方式

①.考查文章的中心思想

Themainidea/keypointofthispassageisthat.

Thepassageismainlyabout.

Fromthepassagewecanlearn/concludethat.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

②.考查文章標(biāo)題的選擇

Ihebesttitle/headhnetorthispassageis.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?

Whatwouldbethebesttitlefor（hetext?

Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis.

③,考查作者的寫(xiě)作態(tài)度和意圖

Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthispassage?

Thewriter'spurposeinwritingthisstoryis.

Inthepassagetheauthorwantstotell.

Thewriter'sattitudetoward...is.

干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)

1.以偏概全。干擾項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，也就是文章的局部信息。

2.斷章取義。干擾項(xiàng)常常以文章中的個(gè)別信息或個(gè)別字眼作為選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置內(nèi)容，或者

以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)冒充全文的主要觀點(diǎn)。

3.主題擴(kuò)大。干擾項(xiàng)所歸納、概括的范圍過(guò)大，超過(guò)文章實(shí)際所討論的內(nèi)容。

4.張冠李戴。命題者有意地把屬于A的特征放在B的身上，構(gòu)成一個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)?？忌?/p>

注意的情況下，會(huì)造成錯(cuò)選答案。

5.無(wú)中生有或似是而非。有的干擾項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)好像在文章中談到了，但認(rèn)真分析

之后你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這類干擾項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容亳無(wú)聯(lián)系.

解題指導(dǎo)

L分清主次，抓住主干，找出主題句。

主題句是歸納表達(dá)文章中心思想的句子，它的出現(xiàn)有四種情況：

1）主題句在開(kāi)頭。主題句出現(xiàn)在段落或文章的開(kāi)頭部分,起著開(kāi)宗明義、點(diǎn)明主題的作用,

它可以使讀者一開(kāi)始就明白文章所講的內(nèi)容主旨。而支撐句則使用一些具體的人、物、數(shù)字

或具體的步驟來(lái)闡述或論證主題，常伴有forcxamplc\i.c.\thatis\first\second\finally\oncc

\anothertime\foronething等詞。例如：

Intheexcitementithadfeltlikeonlyafewminutes,butwehadbeenwiththosewonderful

animalsforalmostanhourandahalf.Thatwasthesimpleandlastingbeautyoftheday,Nearly

fourdecadeslater,Istilllookbackfondlytothatgoldendayatsea.

54.whatisthethemeofthestory?（2010年湖北卷A篇）

A.Savinglivesbringspeopleasenseofhappiness

B.Fishingprovidesexcitementforchildren

C.It'snecessarytoliveinharmonywithanimals

D.It'svitaltoprotecttheenvironment

54.答案：A考點(diǎn)：：考查主旨大意從文章最后一段可以概括出來(lái)

MyfewminuteswithMr.Galbreathchangedmylife.NowIcrytotreateveryonewith

respect,nomatterwhoIthinktheyarc,andnomatteranotherhumanbeingwithkindnessand

sincerity.

59.Whatis（hemessagemainlyexpressedinthestory?（2010年重慶卷A篇）

A.Weshouldlearntobegenerous.B.hishonorabletohelpthoseinneed.

C.Peopleinhighpositionsarenotlikewhatweexpect.

D.Weshouldavoidjudgingpeoplebytheirappearances.

解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一句NowItrytotreateveryonewithrespect,nomatterwhoI

thinktheyare,andnomatteranotherhumanbeingwithkindnessandsincerity.可知，作者想要表

達(dá)的是不要以貌取人。由此判斷選D項(xiàng)。

Weoftendoiftremerriberthingsaswellwhenwe'retryingtomanageseveraldetailsatthe

sametime.Withoutmentalfocus,wemaynotpayenoughattentiontonewinformationcomingin,

soitnevermakesitintoourmemorystores.Thatisoneofthemainreasonsweforgetpeople's

names-evensoineiimesrightaftertheyhaveintroducedthemselves.Multitaskingcanalsoaffect

ourrelationships.Ifsomeonecheckstheire-mailwhileonthephonewithafriend,theymaycome

offasabseni-mindedordisinterested.Itcanalsocausethatpersontomissoroverlookkey

informationbeingpassedontothem.

52.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?（2010年浙江卷C篇）

A.Multitaskinghasbecomeawayoflife.B.Multitaskingoftenleadstoefficiencydecline.

C.Multitaskingexercisesneedtobeimproved.

D.Multitaskingenablespeopletorememberthingsbelter.

解析：主旨大意題。最后一段中作者繼續(xù)描述了之前的觀點(diǎn)：一個(gè)人同時(shí)從事多項(xiàng)工作會(huì)出

現(xiàn)很多問(wèn)題?；氐秸恼?，作者主要觀點(diǎn)就是告訴大家：多項(xiàng)工作不能產(chǎn)生高效的結(jié)果，

故選擇B。

【考例分析I】71.Thepassageismainlyabout.（2009江西卷）

A.honourandwritersB.identityandsignature

C.signatureandresponsibilityD.anonymityandsignature[答案】C

【解析】考生可以快速瀏覽每段首尾兩句來(lái)確定每段的主題句，從而確定文章的主題句。

例如文章首段就舉例引出名字和責(zé)任的關(guān)系，從最后一句ResponsibiHtyisthenamecfthe

game可看出：第二段和第三段分別舉出兩個(gè)反例來(lái)論證，注意兩段的開(kāi)頭的關(guān)健短君to

acceptresponsibilityfortherelationship和remainanonymousforvariousreasonso最后一段總

結(jié)，與首段形成照應(yīng)。A項(xiàng)是斷章取義。命題者利用最后一段中的honour來(lái)命題，從而設(shè)

置干擾項(xiàng)。B、D兩項(xiàng)是以偏概全。Identity和anonymity只是在第三段提及。

【考例分析2]60.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?（2009湖南卷）

A.Theresearchintowarhistory.B.Thefindingofaforgottenhero.

C.Thepilotsofthetwoworldwars.D.Theimportanceofmilitarystudies.

【解析】文章講述由一張IH報(bào)紙上的照片重新發(fā)現(xiàn)英雄McKayde過(guò)程以及對(duì)McKay的了解

和評(píng)價(jià)，所以B項(xiàng)正確。文章首段便是主題句。A項(xiàng)斷章取義，文章只是提到了一戰(zhàn)，并

非講述歷史；C項(xiàng)似是而非，命題根據(jù)文中的pil。（來(lái)設(shè)題迷惑考生，實(shí)際上只是講述了一

戰(zhàn)時(shí)的一位飛行員；D項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有，根本沒(méi)有提及軍事研究的重要性。

[考例分析3]45.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?（2009天津卷）

A.Thechangesoftheauthor'sattitudetohermother'sEnglish.

B.Thelimitationoftheauthor'sperceptionofhermother.

C.Theauthor'smisunderstandingof“l(fā)imited”English.

D.Theauthor'sexperiencesofusingbrokenEnglish.【答案】A

【解析】文章講述的是作者對(duì)母親的brokenEnglish由開(kāi)始的“認(rèn)為是不完美的

（imperfect）”到后來(lái)逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到母親的語(yǔ)言“內(nèi)涵豐富”的一個(gè)變化過(guò)程。首段點(diǎn)明主旨，

末段最后一句與之形成照應(yīng)。B、C兩項(xiàng)均以偏概全。B項(xiàng)是對(duì)第二、三段的概括，C項(xiàng)是

對(duì)最后?段的概括。D項(xiàng)是張冠李戴，實(shí)際上是作者的母親的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

2）主題句在結(jié)尾。用歸納法寫(xiě)的文章，其結(jié)構(gòu)是表述細(xì)節(jié)的句子放在前面,概述性的句子

放在后面,并以此而結(jié)尾，所以結(jié)尾的句子起著總結(jié)歸納、畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛的作用，多伴有so

\tlierefore\thus\inshort\asaresult\thatiswhy等詞。例如:

【考例分析4】71.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?（2009北京卷）

A.Musiceducationdeservesmoreattention.B.Musicshouldbeoftopeducationpriority.

C.Musicisaneffectivecommunicationtool.

D.Musiceducationmakesstudentsmoreimaginative.【答案】A

【解析】文章強(qiáng)調(diào)音樂(lè)教育的重要性，應(yīng)當(dāng)引起人們的廣泛關(guān)注。最后一段的“S。music

educationisfarmorenecessarythanpeopleseemtorealize.”是主題句。B項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有，文章沒(méi)

有提及topeducationprior讓y；C項(xiàng)是以偏概全，只是第四段的大意；D項(xiàng)是斷章取義，命題

者以第四段中的imagination為出題依據(jù)來(lái)迷惑考生。

［考例分析5］75.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?（2009重慶卷）

A.Scienceanditsapplicationsbringusmanydangers.

B.Thedevelopmentofsciencemostlyliesinpeople'sattitudes.

C.Mankindcanlargelytakecontrolofsciencewiththeirefforts.

D.Thefutureofsciencewillbeinfluencedbythedangerousideas.［答案］B.

【解析】文章主要講述了科學(xué)向好的方向還是壞的方向發(fā)展主要由人的態(tài)度決定。最后

一段點(diǎn)明主旨：A是項(xiàng)以偏概全，是第四段的大意：C項(xiàng)也是以偏概全，是第二段的大意；

D項(xiàng)斷章取義，命題者根據(jù)文中的dangerous和idea來(lái)巴題迷惑考生，而實(shí)質(zhì)上并沒(méi)有表達(dá)

這樣的意思。

【考例分析6168.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?（2009湖南卷）

A.Fishdietingandhumandieting.B.Dietingandhealth.

C.Humandieting.D.Fishdieting.【答案】D

【解析】本文主要講述了魚(yú)類保持身體瘦小的原因。末段首句是文章的主題句。A項(xiàng)主

題擴(kuò)大，文章開(kāi)始使用了人類瘦身與魚(yú)類瘦身相類比，目的在于引起讀者的興趣，但不是文

章敘述的主要內(nèi)容。B項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有，文章并沒(méi)有提及heakhoC項(xiàng)斷章取義，文章只是用human

dieting來(lái)襯托fishingdietc

3）主題句在中間。主題句出現(xiàn)在文章中間的情況通常是文章的開(kāi)頭部分提出問(wèn)題.陳述

細(xì)節(jié)，導(dǎo)出主題句，然后再進(jìn)一步用細(xì)節(jié)支持說(shuō)明主題句。在文章中間的主題句通常起著承上

啟下的作用,例如：

［考例分析7］56.Theauthorofthetextmainly.（2009陜西卷）

A.describestheactivitiesofalaw-breakerB.suggestsanidealwaytotravel

C.arguesagainstthea:r-couriertravelD.tellsusaboutadevelopingbusiness

解析：本文介紹一個(gè)新型的職業(yè)——航空投送員。第六段最后一句點(diǎn)明主旨，答案D

UP：“Itisnotcheapfbrabusinesstosendapackagewithanaircourier,butitisquick.”。文章開(kāi)

頭舉例以引起讀者的興趣，最后一段介紹這種新職業(yè)的發(fā)展情況。

值得注意的是:有些文章和段落無(wú)明顯的主題句，只是暗示性地體現(xiàn)主題,這就要求考生

在閱讀過(guò)程中.根據(jù)文章中所敘述的事實(shí)或提供的線索來(lái)概括和總結(jié)文章的大意.

2.理清層次關(guān)系,，選出最佳標(biāo)題

標(biāo)題是文章中心思想的精練表達(dá)，多為一個(gè)名詞詞組，短小明了，函蓋性強(qiáng)做這類題目時(shí),

要在閱讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，把握好層次關(guān)系。注意選項(xiàng)的歸納范圍要恰如其分，干擾項(xiàng)往往是局

部信息、，是某一小節(jié)或文章里的某一句。所以我們?cè)诮忸}時(shí)要反復(fù)推敲，把概括范圍過(guò)窄或

過(guò)寬的選項(xiàng)過(guò)濾掉。例如：

Whenyou'relyingonthewhitesandsoftheMexicanRiviera,thestresses（壓力）ofthe

worldseemamillionmilesaway.Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!

49.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?（2010年全國(guó)卷nB篇）

A.AdventuresinTravelWritingB.WorkingasaFoodCritic

C.TravelGuidesoniheMarketD.VacationingforaLiving

49.答案：D考點(diǎn)：：考主旨大意

解析：提示在文章第一段結(jié)尾句“Hey,stop!Thisisnovacation-youhavetofinishsomething!”

和第二段第二句“bini（neveroccurred（ome（hatIcouldmakemoneydoingbothofthose

things,”說(shuō)明了沒(méi)有想至lj“度假也可以謀生”的欣喜之情。

ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren'sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchancesof

gettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevision

onchildren.

67.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?（2010年遼寧卷C篇-節(jié)選自文章第一段）

A.ComputersorTelevisionB.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren

C.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducationD.TelevisionandChildren'sLearningHabits

67.B.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要通過(guò)兩項(xiàng)研究分析了兒童看電視所造成的影

響。文章第一段第一句話是主題句，所以B項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題是最佳的。

Toerrishuman.Toblametheotherguyisevenmorehuman.

Commonsenseisnotallthatcommon.

Whytellthetruthwhenyoucancomeupwithagoodexcuse?

Thesethreepopularmisquotes（戲謔的弓I語(yǔ)）arcmeantlobejokes,andyettheytellusalot

abouthumannature.Toerr.ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseeirs

thatmostpeopledon,lwanttoaccepttheresponsibilityfbrtheproblem.Perhapsitis（henatural

thingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:"Toerrishuman,toforgive,

divine（神圣的）.“Thissayingmirrorsandealpeopleshouldbeforgivingofothers'mistakes.

Instead,wetendtodotheopposite-findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,taking

responsibilityfbrsomethingthatwentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.

55.Whatwouldbe（hebesttitleforhispassage?（2010年天津卷D篇-文章第一部分）

A.AMirrorofHumanNatureB.ToBlameortoForgive

C.AMarkofMaturityD.TruthorExcuse

55.A.主旨大意題。從全文和引言后第一段倒數(shù)第二句可知文章標(biāo)題：人性的鏡子。

引言后第一段第三句可知：批評(píng)別人的錯(cuò)誤

[考例8]75.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitileforthispassage?（2009福建卷）

A.SavingEnergyStartsatHome.B.ChangingOurHabitsBeginsatWork

C.ChangingClimateSoundsReasonable

D.ReducingEmissionsofCO2ProvesDifficult[答案】A

【解析】本文作者說(shuō)明人們從日常生活的細(xì)節(jié)做起，從自己家庭開(kāi)始，一點(diǎn)一滴著手保

護(hù)環(huán)境。文章首段最后一句是文章的主題句。接下來(lái)三段講述的是個(gè)人節(jié)約能源的方法。B

項(xiàng)是斷章取義。末段最后一句提到了B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，但只是說(shuō)明這是節(jié)約能源的方法之一；C

也是斷章取義，文章雖然提到個(gè)人的行為也能改變氣候，但這并非主題；D項(xiàng)是無(wú)中生有，

文章并沒(méi)有提到此項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，

3.抓住關(guān)鍵詞，判斷作者意圖

作者在描述事實(shí)或傳遞信息時(shí)，不管他的意圖是什么,其觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度都不可避免地在文章

中反映出來(lái)。常見(jiàn)的涉及到作者態(tài)度的詞有褒義類此（approving,positive,optimistic,等:，貶

義類詞（critical,pessimistic,doubtful,questioning）和中性類此（indifferent,serious,objective,

concerned,neutral）。這就要求考生在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意文章的措辭，尤其注意那些表達(dá)感情色

彩的形容詞如improving,encouraging,disappointing,fail,ignore等，以及作者對(duì)人物語(yǔ)言、行

為和思想的描寫(xiě),從中領(lǐng)悟作者的寫(xiě)作意圖和態(tài)度,例如：

【考例9]Theworldofmake-believeisnotnecessarilybad.Butwhentheworldoffantasy

becomestheonlyoutlet（出路）foroursenseofwonder,thenwearereallymissingsomething.We

aremissingaconnectionwiththelivingworld.Otherwonderfulworldsexistallaroundus.But

evenmoreinterestingisthatifwelookcloselyenough,wecanseethattheseworlds,inabroad

sense,arereallypartofourown.

75.Whatisthemainpurposeof（hepassage?（2010年重慶卷E篇）

A.Toshowusthehiddenbeautyinourworld.

B.Towarnusnottogetlos:inthefantasyworld.

C.lbargueagainstthemisuseofthesenseofwonder.

D.Todiscusstheinfluenceoftheworldofmake-believe.

75.答案：Bo作者意圖題。由文章最后一段可知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的就是要告訴我們

不要沉迷在幻想之中。由此判斷選B項(xiàng)。

65.Theauthorintendsto（2009山東卷）

A.makeconsumersawareofthepromoters'falsepromises

B.showtheweaknessofthelawonproductsafety

C.giveadviceonhowtokeepyoungandbeautiful

D.introducetheorganizationofFDA.【答案】A

【解析】通讀全文可知，作者的目的是讓消費(fèi)者注意虛假的承諾。注意第四段第一句中

的關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)nothingmorethanmoney-makingthings,dangeroustohealth以及文章最后一句都

能體現(xiàn)作者的意圖。B、D兩項(xiàng)都是以偏概全；C項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有，文中根本沒(méi)有提及。

[考例分析10]68.Themainpurposeofthetextistotellparents.(2009海南、

寧夏卷)

A.howtogetalongwithateenagerB.howtorespectateenager

C.howtounderstandateenagerD.howtohelpateenagergrowup【答案】D

【解析】本文主要講了作為父母，我們應(yīng)該如何幫助孩子成長(zhǎng)。首段最后一句是主題句。

注意這些關(guān)鍵詞句:giveyourchild...;teachyourteenager:expectalotfromchild等，這些都表

明了作者寫(xiě)本文的目的。A項(xiàng)主題擴(kuò)大，和孩子相處包含很多內(nèi)容，而文章所講只是其中的

一個(gè)方面；B項(xiàng)以偏概全，在第二段最后提及，并非主題句；C項(xiàng)是無(wú)中生有，文章沒(méi)有提

及。

總之，主旨大意類題雖然綜合性強(qiáng)，對(duì)考生的能力要求較高，但只要我們掌握了一定的解題

技巧，在讀懂讀透文章的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)對(duì)比四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)之間的內(nèi)涵與外延之間的差異，定能

準(zhǔn)確地找出正確答案。

二.細(xì)節(jié)題

正確答案的特點(diǎn)：與原文情節(jié)表達(dá)手法不同，但所表達(dá)的意思相同。

干擾選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1.是原文信息，但與題目要求不符；

2.符合常識(shí)，但不符合原文內(nèi)容；

3.與原文情節(jié)極為相似，只是在程度上有些變動(dòng)；

4.選項(xiàng)中所提供的信息部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤；

5.在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。

例如：ForNormanBethune,savingliveswasthemostimportantthingintheworld.

NormanBethunethoughtthat_.

A.hehimselfwasafamousdoctorintheworld

B.hecouldonlysavelivesbecausehewasadoctor

C.savingliveswasmoreimportantthananyotherthingforhim

D.intheworld,heshoulddonothingbutsavelives

1、直接事實(shí)題：

先讀題干，確定讀材料的討要查找的細(xì)節(jié)及事實(shí)的范圍，然后利用略讀手法找出出處。

2、間接事實(shí)題：

需結(jié)合上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的概括和判斷。

3、事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題：主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解

能力，問(wèn)題主要包括詢問(wèn)人(who)、物(what)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果

（effect）.文中的數(shù)據(jù)（da⑶等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常?？季唧w細(xì)節(jié)。

常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題形式有

I.三正一誤（三項(xiàng)正確，只有一項(xiàng)不符合原文內(nèi)容）或三誤一正（三項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，只有一項(xiàng)符合原文

容）：

①.Whichofthefollowingistrue/falseexcept...?

②.Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept...

2.定義3.年代與數(shù)字4.比較5.原因和結(jié)果

Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmanyawards.Only

recently,whenshebegantowriteGrowingUpA^ain,didsheregretignoringhermorn,"Idon't

knowhowtouseacomputer,"sheadmits.

61.WhydidMaryfeelregretful?（2010年湖南卷）

A.Shedidn'tachieveherambition.B.Shedidn'ttakecareofhermother.

C.Shedidn'tcompleteherhighschool.D.Shedidn'tfollowhermother'sadvice.

61.答案D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

解析：根據(jù)第二段“Onlyrecently,whenshebegantowri:eGrowingUpAgain,didsheregret

ignoringhermom,_____判斷選D項(xiàng)。

62,Wecanknowthatbefore1995Mary（2010年湖南卷）

A.hadtwobookspublishedB.receivedmanycareerawards

C.knewhowtouseacomputerD.supportedtheJDRFbywriting

考點(diǎn)：：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案B

解析：根據(jù)第二段“Theshowbusinessthingworkedout,ofcourse.Inhercareer,Marywonmany

awards.”可判斷選B項(xiàng)。

Unlikeher1995autobiography,AfterAll,hersecondbookislessaboutlifeasanaward-winning

actressandmoreaboutlivingwithdiabetes（糖尿?。?Allthemoneyfromthebookisintendedfor

theJuvenileDiabetesResearchFoundation（JDRF）,anorganizationsheservesasinternational

chairman."Ifelttherewasaneedforabooklikethis,"shesays."Ididn'twanttolecture,butI

wantedotherdiabeticstoknowthatthingsgetbetterwhenwe'reself-controlledanddoourpartin

managingthedisease."

63.Mary,ssecondbookGrowingUpAgainismainlyabouther_（2010湖南卷）

A.livingwithdiabetesB.successfulshowbusiness

C.serviceforanorganizationD.remembranceofhermother

考點(diǎn)：：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案A

解析：根據(jù)第三段

aboutlivingwithdiabetes（濡尿?。?”可判斷選A項(xiàng)。

Everydayweexperienceoneofthewondersoftheworldarounduswithoutevenrealizingit.Itis

nottheamazingcomplexityoftelevision,northeimpressivetechnologyoftransport.The

universalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilitytomakenoisewithoutmouths,andso

transmitideasandthoughtstoeachother'sminds.Thisabilitycomessonaturallythatwetendto

forgetwhatamiracle（奇跡）itis.

72.Accordingtothepassage,thewonderwetakeforgrantedis.（2010年江西E篇）

A.ourabilitytouselanguageB.themiracleoftechnology

C.theamazingpowerofnatureD.ourabilitytomakenoiseswithmouth

考點(diǎn)：：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案：A

題目：根據(jù)文章，我們認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的奇跡是：

A:我們使用語(yǔ)言的能力B:技術(shù)的奇跡C:自然的驚人力量

D:我們用嘴制造噪音的能力。

解析：根據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)第二句話Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisourabilityto

makenoisewithoutmouths,andsotransmitideasandthoughtstoeachother'sminds.可知：我

們把使用語(yǔ)言的能力這個(gè)奇跡當(dāng)做理所當(dāng)然。B,C選項(xiàng)與文章不符，在第一段第二句話中可

得知。D選項(xiàng)易誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生，在文章中雖然有原話，但一句話沒(méi)有說(shuō)完，關(guān)鍵是通過(guò)嘴巴發(fā)出

的聲音去給其他人傳遞信息。故D選項(xiàng)也是錯(cuò)誤的。

Afteramonthoffeelingupset,Thomasdecidedhe'dbetterfindawaytofightback.Heleft

Canton,MichiganforNewYork,gotajobwaitingtables,nicknamedhimselftheDiabetic

Rockstar,andcreateddiabeticrockstar.com.afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirloved

ones—aplacewhereover1,100peoplesharepersonalstories,information,andresources.

57.Diabeitcrockstar.comwascreatedfor.（2010年山東卷A篇）

A.diabeticstocommunicateB.volunteerstofindjobs

C.children（oamusethemselvesD.rockstarstoshareresources.

考點(diǎn)：：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案:A

解析：根據(jù)afreeonlinecommunityfordiabeticsandtheirlovedones—aplacewhereover1,100

peoplesharepersonalstories,information,andresources可知A項(xiàng)正確。

Thesedays,Thomas'smainfocusishischarily（慈善機(jī)構(gòu)）,FightIt,whichprovidesmedicines

andsuppliestopeople-225todate—whocan'taffordadiabetic'shugeexpenses.Fight-it.orghas

raisedabout$23.000—inproductsandincash.InMay,ThomaswillholdthefirstannualDiabetic

RoukstarFestivalintheCaribbean.

59.WhatcanwelearnaboutFightIt?（2010年山東卷A篇）

A.Ithelpsthediabeticsinfinancialdifficulties.B.Itorganizespartiesforvolunteeronceayear.

C.Itofferslessexpensivemedicinetodiabetics.D.Itownsawell-knownmedicalwebsite.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FightIt,whichprovidesmedicinesandsuppliestopeople—225to

date—whocan'taffordadiabetic'shugeexpenses.Fight-it.orghasraisedabout$23.000-in

productsandincash.可知A項(xiàng)正確。

Armantrout,anativeCalifornian,receivedherbachelor'sdegreeatLJCBerkeley,whereshe

studiedwithnotedpoetDeniseLevertov,andhermaster'sincreativewritingfromSanFrancisco

StateUniversity.SheisafoundingmemberofLanguagePoets,agroupinAmericanpoetrythat

analyzesthewaylanguageisusedandraisesquestionstomakethereaderthink.

67.WhichofthefollowingistrueofRaeArmantrout?（2010年山東卷C篇）

A.Shepublishedapoetrytextbook.B.SheusedtoteachDeniseLevertov.

C.Shestartedapoets'groupwithothers.

D.ShetaughtcreativewritingatLJCBerkeley.

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的SheisafoundingmuiiibcrofLanguagePoets,agroup

inAmericanpoetry可知C項(xiàng)正確。

Manysportsencouragenationalorlocalpride.Themostfamousgamesofall,theOlympic

Games,bringathletesfromaroundtheworldtogethertotakepartinfriendlycompetition.People

whowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthatagoldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjust

theathletewhoearnedit.Forcountriesexperiencingnaturaldisastersorwar,anOlympicwincan

meansomuch.

43.Accordingtothepassage,whyiswinningOlympicmedalssoencouraging?（2010天津卷B

篇）

A.Itinspirespeople'sdeeploveforthecountry.

B.Itprovestheexceptionalskillsofthewinners.

C.Ithelpsthecountryoutofnaturaldisasters.

D.Itcamsthewinnersfameandfortune.

43.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Peoplewhowatchtheeventwaveflags,knowingthata

goldmedalisawinforanentirecountry,notjusttheathletewhoearnedit.可知A項(xiàng)正確。

Thisstory-whichhappenedbeforeIwasborn—remindsmehowextraordinarymymother

was,andisalsoagiftedmathematician.IfeelembarrassedthatIcomplainaboutnothaving

enoughchild-frcctimetowork.Later,whenmymotherisinthebathroom,Igointoherkitchen

andturnoverthebreadboards.Sureenough,onthebackofthesmallestone.aresomepenciled

marksIrecognizeasmathematics.Thosesymbolshavetraveledunaffectedthroughfiftyyears,

rootedinthesoilofacheapwoodenbreadboard,invisible（看不至的）exhibitsateverymeal.

48.Theauthorfeelsembarrassedfor.（2010年天津卷C篇）

A.blaminghermotherwrongly.B.givinghermotheraloloftrouble.

C.notmakinggooduseoftimeashermotherdid.

D.notmakinganybreakthroughinherfield.

48.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段中有Ifeelembarrassed（ha（Icomplainaboutnothavingenough

child-freetimetowork.可知答案。

Thesethreepopularmisquotes（戲謔的弓I語(yǔ)）aremeanttobejokes,andyettheytellusalot

abouthumannature.Toerr,ortomakemistakes,isindeedapartofbeinghuman,butitseeirs

thatmostpeopledon'twanttoaccepttheresponsibilityfbrtheproblem.Perhapsitisthenatural

thingtodo.Theoriginalquoteabouthumannaturewentlikethis:"Toerrishuman,toforgive,

divine（神圣的）.”Thissayingmirrorsandealpeopleshouldbeforgivingofothers'mistakes.

Instead,wetendtodotheopposite-findsomeoneelsetopasstheblameonto.However,taking

responsibilityforsomethingthatwentwrongisamakingofgreatmalurity.

52.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisasignofaman'smaturity?（2010年天津卷D篇）

A.Doingthingshisownway.B.Bearingresponsibilityforhismistakes.

C.Makingasfewmistakesaspossible.D.Thinkingseriouslyabouthiswrongdoing.

52.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句話However,takingresponsibilityforsomething【hat

wentwrongisamakingofgreatmaturity.可得出答案。

SaratriedtobefriendheroldfriendSteve'snewwife,butBettyneverseemedtohaveanythingto

say.WhileSarafeltBettydidn'tholdupherendoftheconversation.BettycomplainedtoSteve

thatSaranevergaveherachancetotalk.Theproblemhadtodowithexpectationsaboutpacing

andpausing.

64.WhatdidSarathinkofBettywhentalkingwithher?（2010年北京卷）

A.Bettywastalkative.B.Bettywasaninterrupter.

C.Bettydidnottakeherturn.D.BettypaidnoattentiontoSara.

64.C細(xì)節(jié)題，難題。難在弄不清誰(shuí)是S誰(shuí)是B,耐心讀，動(dòng)筆劃，從第一段得出正確答

案并不難：SarafeltBettydidn'tholdupherendoftheconversation

Fullgovernmentfunding（資助）isnotverygoodforuniversities.AdamSmithworkedina

Scottishuniversitywhoseteacherslivedoffstudentfees.Heknewandlookeddownupon

1Sth-centuryOxford,wheretheacademicslivedcomfortablyofftheincomereceivedfromthe

government.Guaranteedsalaries,Smithargued,weretheenemyofhardwork;andwhenthe

academicswerelazyandincompetent,thestudentsweresimilarlylazy.

69.Theauthorthinksthatwithfullgovernmentfunding（2010年北京卷）

A.teachersarelesssatisfiedB.studentsaremoredemanding

C.studentswillbecomemorecompetentD.teacherswillspendlesstimeonteaching

69.D細(xì)節(jié)題，簡(jiǎn)單題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"fullgovernmenifunding"定位原文，根據(jù)"文題順序

一致"原則從上一題（hem后面去找，會(huì)找至UFullgovernmentfunding（資助）isnotverygoodfor

universities....andwhentheacademicswerelazyandincompetent,thestudentsweresimilarly

lazy."lazy"轉(zhuǎn)換成"spendlesslime”不難得出正確選項(xiàng)。

例1.ManyAmericanpresidentsintheI9（hcenturywereborninpoorfamilies.Theyspent

theirchildhoodinlittlewoodenrooms.Theygotlittleeducation.WashingtonandLincoln,for

example,neverwent（oschoolandtheytaughtthemselves.Lincolnoncedidjobsofaworker,

shop-keeperandpostofficerinhisearlyyears.

AlargenumberofU.Spresidentshadexperiencesinthearmy.Thetwobestknownwere

UlyssesGrant（尤利塞斯?格蘭特）andDwightD.Eisenhower（德懷特?艾森豪威爾）.Grant

wasageneralintheAmericanCivilWarandEisenhowerwasaherointheSecondWorldWarIt

happenedthattheygraduatedfromthesameschool—WestPointMilitaryAcademy（西點(diǎn)軍

校）……

Q:PresidentEisenhowerbecamewell-known.

A.whilestudyinginWestPointMilitaryAcademyB.duringtheAmericanCivilWar

C.afterhewaselectedPresidentoftheU.S.D.duringWorldWarIL

例2.1nvitcdbyMr.YeHuixian,hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight“，Miss

LuoLin,MissAsiaof1991,appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlast

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold,LuoLinhas

neverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetook

partinthecompetition,shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.

However,itstilltookherthreemonthscolearntheartofwalkingonthestage?dancing,singing,

making-upandotherpropermanners,

"It'sreallyahardjobfbrme.Iwon'tenterfbrsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iam

quitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwenthe

title.Thistime,inShanghai,I*dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,"saidLuo

Linwithasweetsmile.

Q：?

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

三?猜帆!1詞義題：詞、短語(yǔ)意思的猜測(cè)主要依據(jù)它所在段落的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行。如果該段落比

較短，信息量不足，那么與之相鄰的上下兩個(gè)段落的內(nèi)容則是猜詞義的重要依據(jù)。

1.詞義猜測(cè)題常用的提問(wèn)方式：

l).Theword"...''refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby.

2).Theword':..”ismostHkelytomean.

3).Whatdoyouthinktheexpression”…"standsfbr?

4).Theunderlinedword''."means................

2.猜測(cè)詞義方法

l).Definition定義法2).Contrast對(duì)比法3).Similarity相似法4).Causeandeffeci因果法

5).Example例舉法6).WordFormation構(gòu)詞法7).Contexl上下文8).CommonSense常識(shí)法

D.Definition定義法：一般通過(guò)定義、定語(yǔ)(從句)或同位語(yǔ)(從句)來(lái)確定詞義。

①.Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle-thatis,itwillbreakeasily.()

②.Theherdsman、wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.()

2).Contrast對(duì)比法：利用文中的反義詞以及表對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞(組)猜測(cè)詞義。

Ihateddinnerparlies.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI'minLondon.Andmy

friendMallcryinvitedme.

60.Whatdoestheword"shot"inParagraph1probablymean?(2010年遼寧卷)

A.Choice.B.TryC.Style.D.Goal

60.B.詞義猜測(cè)題。從第一句的hate,到but意義上的轉(zhuǎn)折，說(shuō)明盡管不喜歡，還是要“嘗

試一下“，所以try的意思更接近shoto

?.Mostofusagreed,however.Billdissented.()

②.Sheisusuallymonwifcrallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.

A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly

3).Similarity相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜測(cè)詞義。

?.Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thsjobissolarge,infact,thatthe

governmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpollu