【高二上期末】山東省日照市2021-2022學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末校際聯(lián)合考試英語試題（解析版）

21/212020級高二上學(xué)期期末校際聯(lián)合考試英語試題本試卷共四部分,共12頁。滿分150分?？荚嚂r間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)∶1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的條形碼粘貼在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將答題卡交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié),滿分30分）做題時,先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Apairoftrousers.B.Ajacket.C.Adress2.Wheredidthemangrowup?A.InJapan.B.InBrazil.C.InCanada.3.WhowilltalktoJohnnyprobably?A.Hisbrother.B.Hisfather.C.Hisson.4.WhendidMarklivehere?A.InFebruary.B.InMarch.C.InApril.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkabout?A.Lookingafterapet.B.Doingoutdoorsports.C.Complainingaboutweather.第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whocookeddinnerlastnight?A.Mary.B.Peter.C.Father.7.WhatdoweknowaboutMary?A.Sheisill.B.Shelikeschicken.C.Sheisonthewayback.聽第7段材料,回答第8、9題。8.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.Notesleftbytheman.B.Profitsmadebythespeakers.C.Clothescreatedbythewoman.9.Howmanyunitshavebeensold?A.200.B.1000C.5000.聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whatproblemdoscientistshavetosolve?A.Howrobotsseeclearly.B.Howrobots.moveforward.C.Howrobotskeepbalance.11.Howdidscientistssolvetheissue?A.Theycreatedearsfortherobots.B.Theyaddedcamerastotherobots.C.Theyprogrammedtherobotsbetter.12.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman'sidea?A.Silly.B.Boring.C.Smart.聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Concerned.B.Excited.C.Shocked.14.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahospital.B.Inaschool.C.Inahotel.15.Whoistakingcareofthespeakers'mothernow?A.Dr.Roberts.B.Dr.Raj.C.Dr.Martin.16.Whatdoesthespeakers'motherwanttodo?A.WatchTV.B.Listentomusic.C.Readthenews.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。17.Whenwilltrainprobably?A.OnMonday.B.OnTuesday.C.OnSunday.18.Howlonghasitbeensinceitrainedlasttime?A.Oneweek.B.Twoweeks.C.Theeweeks.19.Whatdirectionaretheraincloudsfrom?A.Theeast.B.Thewest.C.Thesouth.20.Whattimewillweathernewscomeouttomorrow?A.At6:00p.m.B.At7:00p.m.C.At8:00p.m.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié),滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AChicagofarmersmarketsaretheperfectplacetostockuponlocalproduceandgetatasteofeachneighborhood'slocalflavor.There'samarketeverydayoftheweek—soyoucanexperienceonenomatterwhenyouvisit.LoganSquareFarmersMarketThismarket,whichhasbeengoingstrongfor15years,hasbeencalledthebestfarmersmarketinIllinoisbyUSAToday.Inthesummer,themarkettakesoverLoganavenueintheheartoftheneighborhood.Inthecoldermonths,thevendorssetupshopsinsideLoganSquare.CityMarketThisseasonalmarketinDaleyPlazaisthelongestrunningfarmersmarketinChicago.LocatedintheheartoftheLoop,it'sapopularlunchspotfornearbyofficeworkers.Manyofthevendorssellpreparedfoodsthatmakeaperfectgrab-and-gooption,likegrilledcheese,Thaifoodandmore.Grabaseatbythefountainorheadtothestagetocatchlivemusicandculturalperformances.WoodStreetUrbanFarmStandStockuponlocalproduceatthecity'sfirstcertifiedorganicurbanfarm.TheFarmStandhasalmostanacreoffarmlandintheneighborhood,whereasmallgroupoftrainedurbanfarmerstendtovarietiesofproduce.Iscookingdemonstrationsofferfreesamplesandrecipecardsforhealthy,vegetarianmeals.GreenCityFarmersMarketTheMarketisChicago'sfirstandlargestyear-roundfarmersmarket.Itisfrequentedbymanyofthecity'stopchefs,searchingforthebestlocalproducetouseintheirdishes.It'salsopopularwithlocals,wholineupforfreshlymadesmoothiesandcrepes(薄煎餅)ndfilltheirbagswithfruit,vegetables,meatsandmore.1.WhatdoweknowaboutLoganSquareFarmersMarket?A.Itfeaturesfreshorganicfood. B.Itisthelongestrunningmarket.C.Itslocationvarieswiththeseason. D.Itsculturalperformancesaregreat.2.Wherewillyougoifyouwanttoenjoystageperformances?A.LoganSquareFarmersMarket. B.CityMarket.C.WoodStreetUrbanFarmStand. D.GreenCityFarmersMarket.3.WhatdoWoodStreetUrbanFarmStandandGreenCityFarmersMarkethaveincommon?A.Theyprovidevariouslocalproduce.B.Theybothhaveorganicurbanfarms.C.Theyhavefarmlandintheneighborhood.D.Theyofferfreesamplestocustomers.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了芝加哥四個農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)介紹LoganSquareFarmersMarket部分中的“Inthesummer,themarkettakesoverLoganavenueintheheartoftheneighborhood.Inthecoldermonths,thevendorssetupshopsinsideLoganSquare.(在夏天，市場占據(jù)了社區(qū)中心的洛根大道。在寒冷的月份，小販們在洛根廣場內(nèi)開設(shè)商店)”可知，這個市場的位置隨季節(jié)變化。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)介紹CityMarket部分中的“Grabaseatbythefountainorheadtothestagetocatchlivemusicandculturalperformances.(在噴泉旁找個座位或前往舞臺欣賞現(xiàn)場音樂和文化表演)”可知，在CityMarket這里有舞臺表演。故選B。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)介紹WoodStreetUrbanFarmStand部分中的“Stockuponlocalproduceatthecity’sfirstcertifiedorganicurbanfarm.(在該市第一個經(jīng)過認(rèn)證的有機(jī)城市農(nóng)場購買當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)產(chǎn)品)”及介紹GreenCityFarmersMarket部分中的“Itisfrequentedbymanyofthecity'stopchefs,searchingforthebestlocalproducetouseintheirdishes.(許多城市的頂級廚師經(jīng)常光顧這里，尋找最好的當(dāng)?shù)厥巢膩砼胫撇穗?”可知，這兩個市場都提供當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)產(chǎn)品。故選A。BChristmas2020wasshapinguptobeaheartbreakerforMelanieLee.Afewweeksearlier,her33-year-oldsonhadlosthisbattlewithalongillness.Thentheengineofhercarconkeddown.Shehadnomeansofpayingforittobefixed.“Whenitbrokedown,Ibrokedown,”LeetoldCNN.“NowIdon’thavemybaby,nowIdon’thavetransportation.HowamIsupposedtostayactiveinmygrandchildren’slives?”Middleton,38,theownerofabarbecuerestaurantandformerautomechanicwho,inhisfreetime,repairsandgivesawayusedcars.He’dheardaboutLee’spredicamentfromFrank,themayorofSouthCarolina.OnChristmasmorning,MiddletonshowedupatLee’shomewithagift:awhite1993Oldsmobile.“Ihadnoideawhatwasgoingon,”saidLee.“Hehandedmethekeysanddidn’taskforanything.”O(jiān)nceagain,she’sabletopickuphergranddaughtersfromschoolandtakethemtodanceclass.“Igotmyfreedomback.”Theideafortheused-cargiveawaycametoMiddletonayearearlierduringafooddrivehe’dorganized.Manyofthosewho’dlinedupforamealwalkeduptofourmilestogettherebecausetheydidn’thavecars.CarsarealifelineinthispartofSouthCarolina,MiddletontoldCBS.“There’snopublictransportation,noUbers,notaxistotakepeopletojobinterviews,doctorappointments,evenfoodshopping.”SohepostedonFacebookanoffertotradehisrestaurant’sbarbecuedribsforbroken-downvehicles.Sincethen,friendsandstrangershavedroppedoffmorethan100carsinvariousstatesofdisrepair.ManysitinMiddleton’syardwaitingtoberepairedanddonated,usuallytothosehe’sheardaboutthroughwordofmouth.It’salistofnamesthatgrowsdaily.“PeoplethinkMiddletonisanangel,”MayorFranktoldtheWashingtonPost.“AndIdotoo.”4.WhywasChristmas2020aheartbreakerforMelanieLee?A.Hercarwasstolen.B.Shewasinfinancialtrouble.C.Hersonwasbeateninabattle.D.Shelostoneofherfamilies.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predicament”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Adventure. B.Difficulty. C.Failure. D.Hesitation.6.WhatinspiredMiddletontogiveawayusedcars?A.Hesawmanypeopleliningupformeals.B.Helearntaboutthehugeprofitofhisrestaurant.C.Henoticedtheinconvenienceofthepeoplewithnocars.D.Hewitnessedmanyabandonedcarsaroundhisrestaurant.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Anangelreadytohelpthoseinneed.B.Amechanicrepairingcarsforneighbors.C.Akind-heartedchefofferingfoodforfree.D.Anofficialcallingonenvironmentprotection.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Middleton向有需要的人無償贈送經(jīng)他修理的二手車進(jìn)而擺脫困境的故事。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Afewweeksearlier,her33-year-oldsonhadlosthisbattlewithalongillness.”（幾周前，她33歲的兒子和病魔的長期斗爭失敗了）可知，她的兒子去世了，她失去了一個家人。故選D?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。結(jié)合文章第一段第一句“Christmas2020wasshapinguptobeaheartbreakerforMelanieLee.Afewweeksearlier,her33-year-oldsonhadlosthisbattlewithalongillness.Thentheengineofhercarconkeddown.Shehadnomeansofpayingforittobefixed.”（2020年圣誕節(jié)注定對MelanieLee來說是個讓人心痛的時刻。幾周前，她33歲的兒子和病魔的長期斗爭失敗了。然后，她的汽車引擎壞了。她沒有錢可以修）和第四段“Hehandedmethekeysanddidn'taskforanything.”（他遞給我鑰匙，什么都沒說）可知，Middleton應(yīng)該是通過Frank了解了Lee的需求，即她碰到的困難，故推測劃線詞和“difficulty”意思一致。故選B。【6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Theideafortheused-cargiveawaycametoMiddletonayearearlierduringafooddrivehe'dorganized.Manyofthosewho'dlinedupforamealwalkeduptofourmilestogettherebecausetheydidn'thavecars.”（Middleton把用過的車捐贈出去的想法源于在一年前他組織的一次食物募捐。排隊(duì)等著食物的人走4英里的路到那里因?yàn)樗麄儧]有汽車）和倒數(shù)第二段的“CarsarealifelineinthispartofSouthCarolina,MiddletontoldCBS.“There’snopublictransportation,noUbers,notaxistotakepeopletojobinterviews,doctorappointments,evenfoodshopping.”（米德爾頓告訴CBS，汽車是南卡羅來納州這一地區(qū)的生命線。“這里沒有公共交通，沒有優(yōu)步，沒有出租車帶人們?nèi)ッ嬖嚕瘁t(yī)生，甚至買食品?！保笨芍?，Middleton開始捐贈二手車活動的起因是他目睹了沒有汽車的人們的不方便。故選C。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“PeoplethinkMiddletonisanangel”（人們認(rèn)為Middleton是個天使）可知，這篇文章主要圍繞Middleton無私捐贈修理過的汽車幫助那些沒有車的人的事跡，即一個隨時準(zhǔn)備好幫助有需要的人的天使。故選A。CManyemployeesthesedayseatlunchattheirdesks,becauseitseemslikeaharmlesswaytocrammoreworkintotheday.Theymightnotbesocasualaboutitiftheyknewthehabitwashelpingthempackonextrapounds.AstudyintheFebruaryissueoftheJournalofClinicalNutritionfoundpeoplewhoatewhiledistractedatemore,andfeltlessfullafterlunch,thanthosewhofocusedoneating.Researchersservedanine-itemlunchto44participantswhoweresplitintotwogroups.Onegroupwasaskedtoeatlunchwhileplayingacomputergameofsolitaire（紙牌）.Thesecondgroupatelunchwithoutdistractions.Theparticipantswhoweredistractedbythegamefeltlessfullafterlunch,accordingtothestudy,ledbyRoseCooper,aresearcherinexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.Even30minuteslater,thesolitaire-playersgobbleddownmoresnackswhentheywereoffered,comparedtothosewhohadfocusedoneating.Worseyet,whenresearchersaskedtheparticipantstorememberwhattheyhadeatenforlunch,thosewhohadbeenplayingsolitairehadamuchhardertimerememberingwhattheyhadconsumed.Thefindingsmay"helptoexplainthewell-documentedconnectionbetweensedentary（久坐的）screen-timeactivitiesandoverweight,"thestudysays.Inadditiontocrowdingoutphysicalexercise,workingorplayinggamesonacomputermayalsocauseustogobbledownlargeramountsoffoodwithoutthinkingaboutitorevenrememberingthatwehaveeaten.Thefindingsholdtrueforme.IfImakethemistakeofputtingabagofchipsoraboxofcrackersonmydeskatdeadlinetime,Ioftenpackinthewholethingwithoutevenrealizingit.Ifmultitaskingmakesourmindswanderfromthetaskswethinkwearegettingdone,aswehavepostedinthepast,thenwhyshouldeatingbeanyexception?8.Howdidtheparticipantswithdistractionsreactafterlunchintheexperiment?A.Theyfeltfullenough.B.Theyconsumedmoresnacks.C.Theydidsportstoloseweight.D.Theyforgotallaboutthenineitems.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Videogamesshouldbeforbiddenduringtheworkhours.B.Thegroupfocusingoneatingdobetterworkthantheother.C.Eatingintheofficeisharmfultotheworkoftheemployees.D.It'seasierforthosefocusingoneatingtolistwhattheyeat.10.Whatmayeatingwithdistractionscause?A.Lowefficiency. B.Laziness. C.Fatness. D.Absent-mindedness.11.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheresultofthestudy?A.Objective. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Favorable.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一個日常生活中的常見現(xiàn)象，即員工們經(jīng)常在工作或游戲時進(jìn)食，由此而導(dǎo)致肥胖?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“Even30minuteslater,thesolitaire-playersgobbleddownmoresnackswhentheywereoffered,comparedtothosewhohadfocusedoneating（30分鐘后，與專心吃飯的人相比，玩紙牌的人吃掉的零食也更多）”可知,被干擾的參與者午飯后吃了更多的零食。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第四段“Worseyet,whenresearchersaskedtheparticipantstorememberwhattheyhadeatenforlunch,thosewhohadbeenplayingsolitairehadamuchhardertimerememberingwhattheyhadconsumed（更糟糕的是，當(dāng)研究人員要參與者回想起他們午餐吃了什么時，玩紙牌的人要花長得多的時間才能想起來）”可知,邊吃飯邊玩紙牌的人,費(fèi)了很多腦筋也沒有記起吃的什么。由此判斷出，對于那些專注于飲食的人來說，列出他們所吃的東西更容易。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。文章第二段“Theymightnotbesocasualaboutitiftheyknewthehabitwashelpingthempackonextrapounds.（如果他們知道這個習(xí)慣會讓他們發(fā)胖，他們可能就不會這么隨便了）”和第五段“Thefindingsmay"helptoexplainthewell-documentedconnectionbetweensedentary（久坐的）screen-timeactivitiesandoverweight（這些研究結(jié)果可能有助于解釋久坐電腦前與超重之間證據(jù)充分的關(guān)系）”均提到本文核心內(nèi)容，即分心進(jìn)食時容易導(dǎo)致肥胖。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。文章最后一段詳細(xì)闡述了作者的態(tài)度。首先在首句“Thefindingsholdtrueforme（這些結(jié)論對我來說也成立）”直接提出他支持這些研究結(jié)論，后面又用比較的方法闡明了自己的想法。故選D。DDryJanuaryhassomerunning-relatedroots.Backin2011,awomanlivingintheU.K.namedEmilyRobinsonsignedupforherfirsthalfmarathon.Inpreparationfortherace,shedecidedtocutoutalcohol—specificallyduringherJanuarytraining,creatingadrymonth.Herexperimentwasasuccess:Shereportedlosingweight,feelingincreasedenergy,andsleepingbetter.ButtheDryJanuarytraditioncanbetracedfurtherbackto1942—FinlandstartedtheprogramRaitisTammikuutoaidinthewareffortagainsttheSovietUnion.Thankstothesetwoevents,DryJanuaryhasbecomeaglobalphenomenon,withmillionsparticipatingeachyear.Whywouldyoudosuchathingduringthelongest,darkest,coldestmonthoftheyear?BeyondstrengtheningaNewYear’sresolution,perhapsyouwanttoexploreanewyouinthenewyear.Someunexpectedbenefitsmaycomeofthis,too,likeimprovedrunningperformance.Youmightevenstartatrendinyourfriendcircleordiscovernewwaystospendyourfreetime.ThebenefitsoftakingonaDryJanuarychallengeareendless:eatinglessjunkfood,improveddigestion,healthier-lookingskin,bettersleep,theabilitytocompleteharderworkouts,andclear-headedness.It’sfairtosaythatmostelementsinalcoholiccocktailsaren’tpackedwithprotein,noraretheyhighinfiberorloadedwithvitamins—so,whenyoucutoutalcoholduringDryJanuary,you’recuttingoutunneededcaloriesthatcontainlittlenutritionalvalue.Intheabsenceofalcohol,youmaynoticeyouhavemoreenergyforphysicalactivities,especiallyrunning.Sonotonlywillcuttingoutcocktailsgetridofmissedworkouts,actuallymakingittothegymorarunhelpsreleaseendorphins,whichcreatehappyfeelings.“Lesseningalcoholcanbeahelpfulwayforclientstoachievephysicalandemotionalhealthbecauseithelpsusbemoreawakeinourlives,”saysSadieKurzban,CEOandfounderof305Fitness.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphintendedfor?A.ExplainingwhatDryJanuaryis. B.ListingadvantagesofDryJanuary.C.ShowingtheoriginofDryJanuary. D.Convincingreaderstoparticipate.13.WhatcanyougetifyouparticipateinDryJanuary?A.Anewimageamongyourfriends. B.Bettersolutionstoyourproblems.C.Morechancestomakegoodfriends. D.Abetterwaytofightagainstcold.14.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tostresstheimportanceofphysicalexercise.B.Tostatethenutritionalvalueofalcoholdrinks.C.Topointouttheharmcausedbyalcoholdrinks.DTopersuadereaderstoparticipateinDryJanuary.15.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanwefindthetext?A.Health. B.Education. C.History. D.Tourism.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了歐美國家DryJanuary的起源及意義。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段主題句“DryJanuaryhassomerunning-relatedroots.”（DryJanuary有一些跟跑步相關(guān)的根源。）和接下來列舉了兩個具體的例子可知，本段介紹了DryJanuary的起源。故選C。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Youmightevenstartatrendinyourfriendcircleordiscovernewwaystospendyourfreetime.ThebenefitsoftakingonaDryJanuarychallengeareendless:eatinglessjunkfood,improveddigestion,healthier-lookingskin,bettersleep,theabilitytocompleteharderworkouts,andclear-headedness.”（你甚至可能在你的朋友圈里開啟一個潮流，或者發(fā)現(xiàn)新的消遣方式。接受DryJanuary挑戰(zhàn)的好處是無窮無盡的：少吃垃圾食品，改善消化，皮膚看起來更健康，睡眠更好，能夠完成更艱苦的鍛煉，頭腦清醒。）可知，第三段主要列舉了參加DryJanuary的益處，其中包括在你的朋友圈里開啟一個潮流，健康生活讓你精神抖擻且讓你的皮膚看起來更健康，樹立一個新的形象。故選A。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“DryJanuaryhassomerunning-relatedroots.”（DryJanuary有一些跟跑步相關(guān)的根源。）和第二段“DryJanuaryhasbecomeaglobalphenomenon,withmillionsparticipatingeachyear.”（DryJanuary已經(jīng)成為一個全球現(xiàn)象，每年有數(shù)百萬人參加。）和第三段“Someunexpectedbenefitsmaycomeofthis,too”（一些出乎意料的的好處也來自于它）可推斷出，本文通過講述DryJanuary的起源，流行和益處介紹了DryJanuary，最終目的是“勸說”讀者參與到DryJanuary的活動中。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“eatinglessjunkfood,improveddigestion,healthier-lookingskin,bettersleep,theabilitytocompleteharderworkouts,andclear-headedness”（少吃垃圾食品，改善消化，皮膚看起來更健康，睡眠更好，能夠完成更艱苦的鍛煉，頭腦清醒）和第四段“whenyoucutoutalcoholduringDryJanuary,you’recuttingoutunneededcalories”（當(dāng)你在DryJanuary活動中減少卡路里時，你就在減掉不需要的卡路里）可推斷出，全文話題為健康保健類。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Weareoftenencouragedtoperformrandomactsofkindness.Iturgesustodokindthingsforotherswithoutthinkingorplanningahead.Researchshowsthatactsofkindnesscanmakeusfeelbetterandimproveourhealth.____16____Inotherwords,theysayscientificevidencesuggeststhatwearedesignedtobekind.Mostanimalsareonlyhelpfultothoseintheirclose"family"groupsbutarenotkindorhelpfultostrangers.Buthumansaredifferent.____17____Strangerscanhelpusifwearekindtothem.Itiswhywehelpstrangersinneed.InEnglishweevenhavetheexpression:torelyonthekindnessofstrangers.____18____Scientistshavetestedthisideainmanyexperimentsoverthepast20years.PsychologyprofessorSonjaLyubomiskyhasfoundrepeatedlythatpeoplefeelbetterwhentheyarekindtoothers,evenmoresothanwhentheyarekindtothemselves."Actsofkindness,"shesaid,"areverypowerful."Inoneexperiment,sheaskedpeopletoperformthreeactsofkindnessforotherindividualseachweek.Sheaskedadifferentgrouptodothreeactsofself-kindness.____19____Thepeoplewhowerekindtoothersreportedfeelinghappierandmoreconnectedtotheworld.Lyubomirskystudiedagroupofpeoplewiththediseasemultiplesclerosis（多發(fā)性硬化）.Shefoundthattheyfeltbetterphysicallywhenhelpingothers.Herresearchalsoshowedthatpeoplewhoperformedmoreactsofkindnesshadlessinflammation（發(fā)炎）orharmfulswelling（腫脹）intheirbodies.____20____A.Weshouldbekindtothestrangersinneed.B.Itisbelievedthathumansareborntobekind.C.Theseactscouldbesmall,likeopeningadoorforsomeone.D.Researchshowsthatourbodiescanalsorewardusforbeingkind.E.Andmoreantivirusgeneswerefoundinpeoplewhoperformedactsofkindness.F.Researchersalsosaykindnessplayedanimportantpartinhowhumansdeveloped.G.Theyrealizethatthereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthoseclosetousandstrangers.【答案】16.F17.G18.D19.C20.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人生來就是善良的，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，經(jīng)常做好事的人會心情愉快，甚至能有效防御疾病。【16題詳解】下文“Inotherwords,theysayscientificevidencesuggeststhatwearedesignedtobekind.”（換句話說，他們說科學(xué)證據(jù)表明我們天生善良。）說明有科學(xué)證據(jù)表明我們天生善良，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中Researchers是關(guān)鍵詞，研究人員可以提供科學(xué)證據(jù)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“研究人員還表示，善良在人類的發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮了重要作用?！狈项}意。故選F?！?7題詳解】上文“Mostanimalsareonlyhelpfultothoseintheirclose“family”groupsbutarenotkindorhelpfultostrangers.Buthumansaredifferent.”（大多數(shù)動物只對他們親密的“家庭”群體有幫助，但不會對陌生人友善或提供幫助。但人類是不同的。）說明人類與大多數(shù)動物不同，人類不但會幫助親密群體，也會幫助陌生人，G項(xiàng)“他們意識到我們身邊的人和陌生人之間沒有太大區(qū)別?！狈项}意。故選G?！?8題詳解】下文“PsychologyprofessorSonjaLyubomiskyhasfoundrepeatedlythatpeoplefeelbetterwhentheyarekindtoothers,evenmoresothanwhentheyarekindtothemselves.”（心理學(xué)教授SonjaLyubomisky反復(fù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們善待他人時感覺更好，甚至比善待自己時感覺更好。）說明善待他人會使自己感覺良好，D項(xiàng)中reward是關(guān)鍵詞，表示善良會為身體帶來好處，D項(xiàng)“研究表明，我們的身體也可以獎勵我們的善良?！狈项}意。故選D?！?9題詳解】上文“Inoneexperiment,sheaskedpeopletoperformthreeactsofkindnessforotherindividualseachweek.Sheaskedadifferentgrouptodothreeactsofself-kindness.”（在一次實(shí)驗(yàn)中，她要求人們每周為其他人做一些善舉。她要求另一組人做三件善待自己的事。）說明她要求參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的人做一些善舉，C項(xiàng)中Theseacts表示在實(shí)驗(yàn)中做善事的行為，C項(xiàng)“這些行為可能很小，比如為某人開門?！狈项}意。故選C?！?0題詳解】上文“Herresearchalsoshowedthatpeoplewhoperformedmoreactsofkindnesshadlessinflammation（發(fā)炎）orharmfulswelling（腫脹）intheirbodies.”（她的研究還表明，善舉越多的人體內(nèi)炎癥或有害腫脹越少。）說明善舉會使人的身體變得更健康，空處應(yīng)進(jìn)一步說明這一情況，E項(xiàng)“而且在行善舉的人身上發(fā)現(xiàn)了更多的抗病毒基因?！狈项}意。故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共三節(jié),滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Returninghomefromafortnight’sholiday,wenoticedtherehadbeenalotofraininourarea.AsIwascheckingoutsomepoleholesthatmyhusband,Peter,had____21____,Inoticedthattheywereaquarter____22____withrain.Iwassurprisedtoseethatalittlehedgehog(刺猬)had____23____intooneofthem.Iamstillamazedthathedidnot____24____.Peterputsomegloveson,reachedinandpulledthe____25____thingout.Itwasquite____26____intheeveningsoweputhimona____27____tokeepwarmandgavehimsomevegetables.ThenextmorningwhenPeterwentoutto____28____thehedgehog,hewasnowheretobeseen.Wedidn’tseehimagainuntilsixmonthslater.Itwasabout8pmwhenIhearda(n)____29____soundandlightknockingatthefrontdoor.Iopenedthedoor,andtomy_____30_____,therewasthehedgehog.IhadreadsomewherethathedgehogscarrywormssoItriedto_____31_____himout.Ididn’twanthimto_____32_____onmycarpet.Thechildren,ontheotherhand,werequite_____33_____becausethehedgehogsrolledupintoa_____34_____whentheytouchedhim.Afterstickingaroundforafewminutes,heslippedoff.Icametothe_____35_____thathehadcomeintothankusforsavinghim.21.A.dug B.found C.tom D.cut22.A.low B.high C.wide D.full23.A.slept B.swum C.fallen D.hidden24.A.float B.drown C.escape D.fear25.A.poor B.heavy C.dirty D.terrible26.A.hot B.cold C.frightening D.comfortable27.A.wood B.table C.blanket D.bag28.A.pickup B.checkon C.takeout D.sendaway29.A.unusual B.rude C.impossible D.sharp30.A.confusion B.comfort C.surprise D.disappointment31.A.carry B.lead C.show D.drive32.A.lie B.walk C.jump D.stand33.A.excited B.nervous C.calm D.concerned34.A.pile B.box C.ball D.pole35.A.condition B.argument C.question D.conclusion【答案】21.A22.D23.C24.B25.A26.B27.C28.B29.A30.C31.D32.B33.A34.C35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要介紹了一只被拯救的刺猬回來向施救者表示感謝的故事。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我檢查一些我丈夫彼得之前挖的洞時，我注意到它們裝滿了四分之一的雨水。A.dug挖；B.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.tom公貓；D.cut切，割。根據(jù)前面的“poleholes”（桿子洞）可知，此處指挖洞。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我檢查一些我丈夫彼得之前挖的洞時，我注意到它們裝滿了四分之一的雨水。A.low低的；B.high高的；C.wide寬的；D.full滿的。根據(jù)第一句中的“wenoticedtherehadbeenalotofraininourarea”（我們注意到我們這塊兒有很多的雨水）可知，作者注意到洞里充滿雨水。故選D。【23題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我驚訝地看到一只小刺猬掉到它們中的一個洞。A.slept睡覺；B.swum游；C.fallen掉落；D.hidden躲，藏。根據(jù)空格前面的“AsIwascheckingoutsomepoleholes”（當(dāng)我檢查一些桿子洞時）和“Iwassurprisedtoseethatalittlehedgehog…”（我驚訝地看到一只小刺猬）可知，作者在檢查桿子洞時，發(fā)現(xiàn)一只小刺猬掉進(jìn)了洞里。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我還很驚訝，它沒有淹死。A.float漂?。籅.drown溺水，淹死；C.escape逃跑；D.fear害怕。根據(jù)前面的“amazed”可知，這個小刺猬沒有被淹死，這讓作者感到驚訝。故選B。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：彼得戴上手套，伸進(jìn)去把這個可憐的家伙拿了出來。A.poor可憐的；B.heavy重的；C.dirty臟的；D.terrible可怕的。根據(jù)上文刺猬掉進(jìn)有水的洞里面可知，這是一個可憐的家伙。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：晚上的天氣相當(dāng)?shù)睦洌晕覀儼阉诺揭粋€毯子上來保暖。A.hot熱的；B.cold冷的；C.frightening令人害怕的；D.comfortable舒適的。根據(jù)下文“tokeepwarm”（要保暖）可知，天氣是比較冷的，我們把刺猬放到毛毯上保暖。故選B。27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：晚上的天氣相當(dāng)?shù)睦?，所以我們把它放到一個毯子上來保暖。A.wood木頭；B.table桌子；C.blanket毯子；D.bag包。根據(jù)句意可知，天氣是比較冷的，我們把刺猬放到毛毯上保暖。故選C。28題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：第二天，當(dāng)彼得去檢查這只刺猬時，哪兒都找不到它了。A.pickup拾起，學(xué)到；B.checkon檢查、查看；C.takeout帶走；D.sendaway送走。根據(jù)下文“hewasnowheretobeseen”（哪兒都找不到它）可知，這個小刺猬已經(jīng)不見了，因此說明彼得出去查看了刺猬。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：大約晚上8點(diǎn)，我聽到不尋常的聲音，燈光照在前門。A.unusual不尋常的；B.rude粗魯?shù)?；C.impossible不可能的；D.sharp鋒利的。根據(jù)下文“soundandlightknockingatthefrontdoor”（前門有聲響和燈光）可知，說明前門有東西在，可得出作者聽到不尋常的聲音。故選A。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我打開門，令我驚訝的是，門口是這只刺猬。A.confusion困惑；B.comfort安慰，舒適；C.surprise驚訝；D.disappointment失望。根據(jù)上文語境和下文“therewasthehedgehog”（是那只刺猬）可知，上文講小刺猬不見了，但開門后作者發(fā)現(xiàn)是那只小刺猬，這讓作者感到驚訝。故選C?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我之前在哪兒讀到過刺猬攜帶寄生蟲，所以我試圖趕走它。A.carry扛，攜帶；B.lead帶路；C.show展現(xiàn)；D.drive開車，驅(qū)趕。根據(jù)上文“Ihadreadsomewherethathedgehogscarryworms”（我之前在哪兒讀到過刺猬攜帶寄生蟲）可知，作者聽說過刺猬會攜帶寄生蟲，因此想趕它走。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不想它走到我的毯子上。A.lie說謊；B.walk走路；C.jump跳；D.stand站。根據(jù)下文“onmycarpet”（在毯子上）可知，作者不想讓（也許攜帶寄生蟲的）刺猬在地毯上走。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：另一方面，孩子們相當(dāng)?shù)呐d奮，因?yàn)楫?dāng)他們摸它時，刺猬滾成了一個球。A.excited興奮的；B.nervous焦慮的；C.calm平靜的；D.concerned擔(dān)心的。根據(jù)下文“becausethehedgehogsrolledupintoa...”（刺猬滾成了一個……）可知，另一方面，孩子們非常開心，因?yàn)樗麄円慌龃题?，它就會卷成一個球。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：另一方面，孩子們相當(dāng)?shù)呐d奮，因?yàn)楫?dāng)他們摸它時，刺猬滾成了一個球。A.pile堆；B.box盒子；C.ball球；D.pole桿，柱。根據(jù)常識和下文“becausethehedgehogsrolledupintoa…”可知，孩子們一碰刺猬，它就會卷成一個球。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我得出結(jié)論，它是來感謝我們救了它。A.condition條件；B.argument爭論；C.question問題；D.conclusion結(jié)論。根據(jù)下文“thathehadcomeintothankusforsavinghim”（它是來感謝我們救了它）可知，作者得出結(jié)論，刺猬是來感謝他們救了它。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1分,滿分5分）根據(jù)首字母提示或漢語意思,在句子的空白處寫出各單詞的完全形式。36Theremotedesertareaisa________onlybyhelicopter.（根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）【答案】accessible##ccessible【解析】【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：那個遙遠(yuǎn)的沙漠地區(qū)只能乘飛機(jī)才能到達(dá)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里使用形容詞accessible，作表語，修飾句子主語“Theremotedesertarea”，表示“可到達(dá)的”。故填accessible。37.Manycollegestudentswenttothewest,withthei________ofhelpingthelocalpeople.（根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）【答案】intention##ntention【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：許多大學(xué)生帶著幫助當(dāng)?shù)厝说拇蛩闳ネ鞑?。根?jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查表示“意圖，打算”對應(yīng)的名詞，做介詞with的賓語，因?yàn)樗麄兊哪康氖且粯拥?，就一個，所以用單數(shù)形式。故填intention。38.Severalcompaniesare________（競爭）forthecontract.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】competing【解析】【詳解】考查謂語動詞。句意：許多公司在競爭這個合同。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處需用謂語時態(tài)，根據(jù)句意“在競爭”可知，謂語需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。故填competing。39.Jacksonrefusedtoaccepttherewardbecausehethoughthedidn't________（應(yīng)得）it.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫）【答案】deserve【解析】【詳解】考查動詞。句意：杰克遜拒絕接受那個獎，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為他不應(yīng)該得到那個獎。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，這里考查“應(yīng)得”對應(yīng)的動詞，在didn't后面做謂語。故填deserve。40.Ayoung________(申請人)wrotealettertothefirmlastweek,hopingtogetanewjob.（根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)【答案】applicant【解析】【詳解】考查名詞。句意：一位年輕的申請人上周給這家公司寫了一封信，希望能得到一份新工作。根據(jù)漢語提示可知，applicant申請人，名詞作主語，符合題意；由空前不定冠詞a可知，空處名詞需用單數(shù)。故填applicant。第三節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分）請根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子。41.毫無疑問，在學(xué)習(xí)語言時，一本好的詞典是必須的。（doubt）________thatagooddictionaryisamustinlearningsomelanguage.【答案】Thereisnodoubt【解析】【詳解】考查固定句型。固定句型：Thereisnodoubtthat…，“毫無疑問”，其中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，句子描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填Thereisnodoubt。42.如何保護(hù)脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是最重要的事情之一。（疑問詞+不定式）________the