專業(yè)英語八級(jí)（閱讀）模擬試卷28（共198題）

專業(yè)英語八級(jí)（閱讀）模擬試卷28（共

9套）

（共198題）

專業(yè)英語八級(jí)（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、選擇題（本題共14題，每題1.0分，共分。）

Inlastweek'sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhich

hesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa"scientifichierarchy"wouldbe

toseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaraspossible,scientifically

educated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutoftheirisolationand

encouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.Asageneralstatement,I

thinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,asusual,Mr.Cookdoesnot

definescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeanscertainexactscienceswhose

experimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.Thus,adulteducationtends"to

neglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economicandsocialsubjects'*,economics

andsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesofscience,apparently.Thispointisof

greatimportance.Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthe

wholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefrom

onemeaningtotheother.Scienceisgenerallytakenasmeaningeithcr（a）theexact

sciences,suchaschemistry,physics,etc.,or（b）amethodofthoughtwhichobtains

verifiableresultsbyreasoninglogicallyfromobservedfact.Ifyouaskanyscientist,or

indeedalmostanyeducatedperson,"Whatisscience?"youarelikelytogetananswer

approximatingto（b）.Ineverydaylife,however,bothinspeakingandinwriting,when

peoplesaynscience"theymean（a）.Sciencemeanssomethingthathappensinalaboratory:

test-tubes,balances,Bunsenburners,microscopes.Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapsa

psychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasa"manofscience":noonewouldthink

ofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher.Andthose

whotellusthattheyoungmustbescientificallyeducatedmean,almostinvariably,that

theyshouldbetaughtmoreaboutradioactivity,orthestars,orthephysiologyoftheir

ownbodies,ratherthanthattheyshouldbetaughttothinkmoreexactly.Thisconfusion

ofmeaning,whichispartlydeliberate,hasinitagreatdanger.Impliedinthedemandfor

morescientificeducationistheclaimthatifonehasbeenscientificallytrainedone's

approachtoallsubjectswillbemoreintelligentthanifonehadhadnosuchtraining.A

scientist'spoliticalopinions,itisassumed,hisopinionsonsociologicalquestions,on

morals,onphilosophy,perhapsevenonthearts,willbemorevaluablethanthoseofa

layman.Buta"scientist",aswehavejustseen,meansinpracticeaspecialistinoneofthe

exactsciences.Itfollowsthatachemistorphysicist,assuch,ispoliticallymore

intelligentthanapoetoralawyer.And,infact,therearealreadymillionsofpeoplewho

dobelievethis.Butisitreallytruethata"scientist",inthisnarrowersense,isanylikelier

thanotherpeopletoapproachnon-scientificproblemsinanobjectiveway?Thereisnot

muchreasonforflunkingso.Takeonesimpletest-theabilitytowithstandnationalism.

Itisoftenlooselysaidthat"Scienceisinternational",butinpracticethescientific

workersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthan

arefeltbythewritersandtheartists.TheGermanscientificcommunity,asawhole,made

noresistancetoHitler.Therewereplentyofgiftedmentodothenecessaryresearchon

suchthingsassyntheticoil,jetplanes,rocketprojectilesandtheatomicbomb.Onthe

otherhand,whathappenedtoGermanliteraturewhentheNaziscametopower?Ibelieve

noexhaustivelistshavebeenpublished,butIimagine(hatthenumberofGerman

scientists-Jewapart—whovoluntarilyexiledthemselvesorwerepersecutedbythe

regimewasmuchsmallerthanthenumberofwritersandjournalists.Moresinisterthan

this,anumberofGermanscientistsswallowedthemonstrosityof"racialscience".But

docsthismeanthatthegeneralpublicshouldnotbemorescientificallyeducated?Onthe

contrary!Allitmeansisthatscientificeducationforthemasseswilldolittlegood,and

probablyalotofharm,ifitsimplyboilsdowntomorephysics,morechemistry,more

biology,etc.tothedetrimentofliteratureandhistory.Itsprobableeffectontheaverage

humanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanever

contemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess:andhispoliticalreactionswould

probablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretaineda

fewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense.Clearly,scientificeducation

oughttomeantheimplantingofarational,skeptical,experimentalhabitofmind.Itought

tomeanacquiringamethod-amethodthatcanbeusedonanyproblemthatone

meets—andnotsimplypilingupalotoffacts.Putitinthosewords,andtheapologistof

scientificeducationwillusuallyagree.Presshimfurther,askhimtoparticularize,and

somehowitalwaysturnsoutthatscientificeducationmeansmoreattentiontotheexact

sciences,inotherwords—morefacts.Theideathatsciencemeansawayoflookingatthe

world,andnotsimplyabodyofknowledge,isinpracticestronglyresisted.Ithinksheer

professionaljealousyispartofthereasonforthis.

1、Weknowfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthorconsidersthepresentdefinition

oftheword"science".

A、ambiguous

B、ambivalent

C^questionable

D、inappropriate

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。第二段第二至四句指出，成人教育往往會(huì)“忽視那些有利于

文學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)科的研究”，很顯然，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)并沒有被看作是科學(xué)

的分支。這一點(diǎn)非常重要?！翱茖W(xué)”這個(gè)詞至少有兩重意思，但是目前這種只重視一

種含義而回避另一種含義的趨勢(shì)使得整個(gè)科學(xué)教育的問題變得含混不清?？梢?，作

者認(rèn)為“科學(xué)”的定義含混不清，故［A］為答案。

2、Whenpeoplearetalkingaboutscience,theymayNOTreferlo.

A^physics

B、physiology

C、philosophy

D、psychology

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段第四句指出，生物學(xué)家、天文學(xué)家或者心理學(xué)家、數(shù)

學(xué)家都可以被稱為“科學(xué)工作者”，但沒有人會(huì)想把這個(gè)稱呼用在政治家、詩人、記

者乃至于哲學(xué)家身上。由此可知，日常生活中，人們不認(rèn)為哲學(xué)屬于科學(xué)的范疇，

物理學(xué)雖然沒有明確提及，但它是基于實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)的學(xué)科，顯然也屬于人們通常認(rèn)為

的科學(xué)范疇，故選［0。

3、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTasregardsscientists?

A、Manypeopleassumethatscientistscandowellinhandlingpoliticalaffairs.

B、Germanscientistsdidresearchonatomicbombs.

C、Generallypeopledon'tregardaneconomistasascientist.

D、Scientistspreferlaboratoryworktoadministration.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段最后兩句指出，那么接下去的推論就是，一個(gè)化學(xué)家

或物理學(xué)家，或者其他類似的科學(xué)家在政治上要比詩人或律師更有智慧。事實(shí)上，

已經(jīng)有數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人對(duì)此深信不疑，故［A］符合文意：第六段最后一句指出，始

終有許多才俊之士在對(duì)合成油料、噴氣飛機(jī)、火箭和原子彈之類做必要的研究，故

［B］符合文意；第二段第二句指出，成人教育往往會(huì)“忽視那些有利于文學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

和社會(huì)學(xué)科的研究”，很顯然，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)并沒有被看作是科學(xué)的分支，故［C］

符合文意。只有［D］在文中沒有提及，故為答案。

4、TheauthorcontrastsGermansciencewithGermanliteraturetosupporthisviewpoint

that,.

Germanliteraturehaslongbeenpersecutedbythegovernment

B、writersarethemostdisruptiveforceofagovernment

C^scientistsaremoreinclinedtosupporttheirgovernmentsthanwriters

D、Germanscientistsshouldnotbeonthesideoftheracists

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)。析：推斷題。第六段第四句指出，人們?；\統(tǒng)地說“科學(xué)無國界“，但實(shí)際

上，所有國家的科學(xué)工作者比起作家和藝術(shù)家而言，在追隨本國政府方面顧忌更

少。顯然在隨后兩段中作者闡述德國科學(xué)家和藝術(shù)家的例子是為了說明上面的觀

點(diǎn)，故［C］為答案。雖然第七段中提到了德國文學(xué)家受到迫害，但這是支持觀點(diǎn)的

細(xì)節(jié)，而非觀點(diǎn)，因此排除［A］；［B］雖然屬于觀點(diǎn)，但不是作者在將德國科學(xué)家和

文學(xué)家進(jìn)行對(duì)比論述時(shí)支持的論點(diǎn)，故排除；同理可以排除［D］。

5、Thepassagecanbebestsummarizedas.

A、contrastingsciencewithliterature

B>explainingwhatscienceis

C>givingabetterdefinitionofscience

D^pointingoutpeople'smisunderstandingofscience

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。開篇以一封來信指出目前“科學(xué)”一詞至少有兩重意思，在給

出“科學(xué)”的兩個(gè)定義后，闡釋常人對(duì)科學(xué)定義的錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)，這種錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)包含極大

的危險(xiǎn)，普通大眾應(yīng)該得到更多的科學(xué)教育，但科學(xué)教育不能僅落腳于削弱文學(xué)和

歷史而強(qiáng)化物理、化學(xué)和生物等?？茖W(xué)教育應(yīng)當(dāng)是指培養(yǎng)一種理性的、懷疑的、實(shí)

驗(yàn)的思維習(xí)慣。顯然全文的焦點(diǎn)在于科學(xué)的定義，通過具體闡述什么是科學(xué)，給出

自己的建議，故|B|為答案。［Ah|D］都是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不全面；文中說人們

對(duì)科學(xué)的兩個(gè)定義認(rèn)識(shí)不清，并沒說定義本身有問題，排除［C］。

AsIwrite,agentle,muchneededrainisfallingthismorning.Ithasbeenadryspring

hereinVermont.Sodryinfact,thattheSpringPeeperswerelateenoughincomingthat

manythoughtthattheseamazinglittlefrogswouldfailtoblessuswiththeirsongthis

year.Buttheycame,andIcan'tfaultthemforbeingtardy.Inalmostanyseasonal

wetlandinthestatethesefrogscanbeheard.Theyareasignofspring,andofrebirthand

renewal.IlislateJuneandthemountainsnowhasleftihehigherslopesofthemouniains.

Folkshaveplantedtheirgardens,eventhoughthereisstillthethreatoffrost.Yes,itis

almostJuly,yetintheeveningshere,thethermometercanstillsometimesclipintothe

low-thirtiesthistimeofyear.Myfamilyplantedourgardenduringthelastweekendof

May,andfrostcametwicesincethen,luckilynotakillingfrost.Butotherswerenotso

lucky.Thereisaveryambitiousgardenerinthevillagethatlostmostofhisnon-hardy

plantsthisyear.Thereisasawinthisstate:*'ifyoudon'tliketheweather,waitfive

minutes."Thisspringhasdemonstratedthevalidityofthisoldsaying.Twicethisspring

ithasbeenwarmenoughinthedaythatmyfamilywentswimming,buttherewasfrost

onthegroundthenextmorning.Ienjoythejuxtapositionofthevagariesoftheclimate

andthesteadyrhythmsoflifehere.Folkshavebeentendingtothechoresofspringfor

generations,knowingfullwellthattheyreallycan'tdependuponthehandthatnaturewill

dealthem.PlantingagardeninVermontamountstoanactoffaith.Willoursweatand

toilberewardedbyabundanceenoughtosharewithourfriendsandextendedfamilies,or

willakillingfrostrendertheseeffortsexercisesinfutility?AndIhaveplantedmorethan

agardenthisyear.Myfamilywasrecentlyfacedwithatoughdecision,doweleavethis

placeandthepeoplewhomwehavecometoknowandlove,ordowestayandmakea

commitment?Well,wehavedecidedthatthisiswherewewillmakeourstand.Along

withourlittlegarden,thisyearwehaveplantedourselves.Andthisisnolessanactof

faiththantheonementionedabove.Willmyfamilybeblessedwiththatwhichisneeded

togrowandflourish.Wehavenowayofknowingthis.,.butwcdohavefaith.Therain

hasstoppedandthesunisshining.Strongwindshaveblownthecloudcoveraway.Itisa

beautifulday.Vermontgardening.Thereisanothersayingamongfarmershere:"thereis

nobetterfertilizerthanafarmer'sfootprints.nTomethismeansthatwhichisplanted

mustberevisitedoften.Thegardenmustbenurturedandtended.Itmustbecaredfor

withlove.Itseemstomethatthisappliestoourlivesaswell.Hopesanddreamsand

aspirationsmustberevisitedoftenlestwelosesightofthethingsthatarereallyimportant

tous.Commitmentsmustbetendedtoascarefullyasanygardenplot.Butaswith

gardening,therearcnoguarantees.Butthereisfaith,andtodayisabeautifulday.

6、Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorseemstoindicatethat.

A>peopleshouldn'thaveplantedtheirgardensinJune

B、hewasnotluckytohavemissedakillingfrost

C、thepresenttemperatureseemstobealittlelowerthanusual

D、heregretsthathedidn'tbelieveintheoldsaying

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)3析：推斷題。第二段第三句指出，雖然快到七月份了，但是在這個(gè)季節(jié)，

晚上的溫度有時(shí)仍然會(huì)降到華氏3U度以下。由此可以判斷這里在暗示''現(xiàn)在的氣溫

比正常情況低”，故答案為［0。該段第二句指出，盡管面臨霜凍的威脅，人們還是

在繼續(xù)種植花園，因此排除［A］；［B］”他不走運(yùn)，沒有躲開一次大霜凍”，與原文意

思相反，故排除；第二段倒數(shù)第三句提到了一句古老的諺語，作者肯定了該諺語的

正確性，但沒有表達(dá)后悔之意，故排除［D］。

7、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsplantinggardensisallofthefollowing

EXCEPT.

A、joyful

R、hopeful

C^realistic

D、ecstatic

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。第三段首句指出，作者很享受這里變化無常的氣候與穩(wěn)定的

生活節(jié)奏并存的情形。由此可知，作者對(duì)在佛蒙特州種植花園感到快樂，故排除

［A］；第三段第二句指出，人們世世代代習(xí)慣了春天的勞作，完全知道他們不能僅

僅依賴自然賦予的運(yùn)氣。由此可知，作者對(duì)種植花園的態(tài)度非常務(wù)實(shí)，故排除

IC］；第四段最后四句描寫到，雨停了，艷陽高照，風(fēng)吹散了積云。這是美好的一

天，適合在佛蒙特州種植花園。由此可知，作者內(nèi)心對(duì)種植庭園充滿了希望，故排

除［B］。［D/欣喜若狂的”屬于過度推斷，故為答案。

8、Inthepassage,islikenedtoplantingagarden.

A、fulfillingambition

B、makingacontribution

C、havingfaith

D、offeringaguarantee

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)腦析：推斷題。末段中間指出，花園需要培育和護(hù)理，需要關(guān)愛。作者認(rèn)

為，這也適用于我們的生活。我們必須時(shí)常溫習(xí)自己的希望、夢(mèng)想、抱負(fù)，以免忽

略了生活中那些對(duì)我們來說重要的東西?？梢姡髡邔?shí)現(xiàn)人生理想的過程比作種

植花園,故答案為［A］,排除［C］和［D］。末段提到了“commitment（承諾戶,但沒有提

到“contribution"，排除［B］。

Afterthirtyyearsofmarriedhappiness,hecouldstillremindhimselfthatVictoriawas

endowedwitheverycharmexceptthethrillingtouchofhumanfrailty.Thoughher

perfectiondiscouragedpleasures,especiallythepleasuresoflove,hehadlearnedintime

tofeeltheprideofahusbandinhernaturalfrigidity.Forhestillclung,amidthedecayof

moralplatitudes,tothediscreditedidealofchivalry.Inhisyouththeworldwassuffused

withtheafter-glowofthelongVictorianage,andagracefulfemininestylehadsoftened

themanners,ifnotthenatures,ofmen.Attheendofthatinterestingepoch,when

womanhoodwasexaltedfromabiologicalfactintoamiraculouspower,Virginius

littlcpage,theyoungersonofanoldandaffluentfamily,hadmarriedVictoriaBrooke,

thegranddaughterofatobaccoplanter,whohadmadeasatisfactoryfortunebyforsaking

hisplantationandconvertingtobaccointocigarettes.WhileVirginiushadbeentrainedby

sterntraditiontorespecteverywomanwhohadnotstoopedtofolly,thevirtuepeculiarto

hersexwasamongtheleastofhisreasonsforadmiringVictoria.Shewasnotonly

modest,whichwasusualinthenineties,butshewasbeautiful,whichisunusualinany

decade.Inthebeginningoftheiracquaintancehehadgoneevenfurtherandascribed

intellecttoher:butafewmonthsofmarriagehadshownthistobemerelyoneofthe

manydelusionscreatedbyperfectfeaturesandnobleexpression.Evciythingabouther

hadbeensmoothanddefinite,eventhetonesofhervoiceandthewayherlightbrown

hair,whichsheworeaPompadour,wasrolledstifflybackfromherforeheadandcoiled

inaburnishedropeonthetopofherhead.Aseriousyoungman,ambitioustoattaina

placeintheworldmorebrilliantthanthesecludedseatofhisancestors,hehadbeen

impressedattheirfirstmeetingbythecompactnessandprecisionofVictoria'sorderly

mind.Forinthatearnestperiodtheminds,aswellastheemotions,ofloverswere

orderly.ItwasanagewheneageryoungmenflockedtochurchonSundaymorning,and

eloquentdivinesdiscoursedupontheVictorianpoetsinthemiddleoftheweek.Hecould

affordtosmilenowwhenherecalledthesolemnBrowningclassinwhichhehadfirst

losthisheart.HowpassionatelyhehadadmiredVictoria'svirginalfeatures!How

ferventlyhehadenviedhercompetentbutcaressingwaywiththepoet!Incredibleasit

seemedtohimnow,hehadfalleninlovewithherwhilesherecitedfromthemore

ponderouspassagesinTheRingandtheBook.Hehadfalleninlovewithherthen,

thoughhehadneverreallyenjoyedBrowning,andithadbeenarelieftohimwhenthe

Unseen,incompanywithitsillustriouspoet,hadatlastgoneoutoffashion.Yet,sincehe

wasdisposedtoadmireallthequalitieshedidnotpossess,hehadneverceasedtorespect

thefirmnesswithwhichVictoriacontinuedtodealinotherformswiththeAbsolute.As

theplacidyearspassed,andshecametorelylessuponhervirginalfeatures,itseemedto

himthattheripeopinionsofheryouthbegantoshrinkandflattenasfruitdoesthathas

hungtoolongonthetree.Shehadneverchanged,herealized,sincehehadfirstknown

her:shehadbecomemerelyriper,softer,andsweeterinnature.Heradvantagerested

whereadvantageneverfailstorest,inmoralfervour.Tobeinvariablyrightwasher

singlewifelyfailing.Forhiswife,hesighed,withthevagueunrestofahusbandwhose

infidelitiesareimaginary,wasagenuinelygoodwoman.Shewasasfarremovedfrom

pretenceasshewasfromtheposturingvirtuesthatflourishinthecredulousworldofthe

drama.Thepityofitwasthateventheleastexactinghusbandshouldsooftendesire

somethingmorepiquantthangoodness.

9、WhenBrowning'spoembecameunpopular,Virginiusfelt.

A、sympathyforit

B、pityforit

C^freefromit

D^annoyedatit

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)。析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段第二句指出，盡管他從來沒有真正喜歡過布朗寧的

詩，他還是在那時(shí)愛上了她。當(dāng)這個(gè)杰出的詩人與他的詩《幽冥》終于不再時(shí)興的

時(shí)候，他感到如釋重負(fù)般的輕松。故［C］為答案。

10、Virginiuswouldfeelmoreorlessguiltywhenhe.

A、begantodishkcVictoria^features

B、thoughtaboutVictoria'sperfection

C^fanciedbeingdisloyaltoVictoria

D、triedtofindfaultwithVictoria

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn).析：細(xì)節(jié)題。末段第三句指出，臆想對(duì)妻子有不忠行為的丈夫總會(huì)有些惴

惴不安，正是帶著這種不安，他嘆息道，他的妻子是一個(gè)真正的好女人。故［C］為

答案。倒數(shù)第二段首句指出，隨著平靜歲月的流逝，維多利亞美麗的容顏開始衰

退。但是作者并未指明她丈夫開始嫌棄她，故排除［A］；雖然弗吉尼亞斯認(rèn)為“作為

妻子，她唯一的缺點(diǎn)就是能在任何時(shí)候都不做錯(cuò)事'、，但是在這樣想的時(shí)候，他沒

有罪惡感，因此排除［B］和［D］。

11、Theword"piquant"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans

A、interesting

B、adventurous

C^lofty

D、unusual

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義題「開篇指出.經(jīng)過了30年的幸?；橐錾钪?他仍能時(shí)常

提醒自己，妻子維多利亞除了缺乏那么一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)令人心動(dòng)的人性脆弱以外，幾乎擁有

一切美妙的品質(zhì)。盡管她的完美減少了他們生活的樂趣，尤其是愛情的樂趣，然而

經(jīng)過長時(shí)間的生活，作為丈夫，他漸漸為她天性中的保守感到自豪。末段最后一句

是對(duì)首句的呼應(yīng)：然而遺憾的是，即使是最不苛刻的丈夫也時(shí)常會(huì)渴望一點(diǎn)

piquant的東西，而不僅僅是善良。從前面可以看出維多利亞缺少的是能讓人感到

有趣的東西，故推測(cè)“piquant”的含義為“有趣的"，［A］為答案。

Whomcanyoutrustthesedays?ItisaquestionposedbyDavidHalpernofCambridge

University,andtheresearchersattheDowningStreetStrategyUnitwhotakeaninterest

in"socialcapital".Atintervalstheygoaroundaskingpeopleinassortednationsthe

question:"Generallyspeaking,wouldyousaythatmostpeoplecanbetrusted?'*The

resultsarefascinating.Theconclusionthatleapsfromthefiguresandintosensational

headlinesisthatsocialdislocation,religiousdecline,publicscandals,family

fragmentationandthefearofcrimehavemadeuslesstrusting.Comparativesurveysover

40yearssuggestthatBritishtrustfulnesshashalved:inthe1950s60percentofus

answered"yes,mostpeoplecanbetrusted",inthe1980s44percent,todayonly29

percent.TrustlevelsalsocontinuetofallinIrelandandtheU.S.—meanwhile,the

Norwegians,Swedes,DanesandDutchexpresstremendousconfidenceinoneanother's

probity:levelsareactuallyrising.AndthePalmed'Orforparanoidmutualsuspiciongoes

totheBrazilians—withlessthan3percentreplying"yes"—andtheTurkswith6.5

percent.TheFrench,apparently,nevertrustedoneanotherandstilldon't.Sowebecome

lessScandinavianandmoreFrench(orTurkish)everyyear.RegardingBritain,the

obviousconclusionsarebeingdrawn.Mr.Halpernandotherscitereasonswhyweappear

lesstrustful:thedemiseofthejob-for-lifeculture,risingdivorce,physicalmobility,

higherimmigration,anaggressivecommercialethicandthenewisolationofmassmedia.

"Youuseyourwealthtofreeyourselfoftheinconvenienceofotherpeople,"says

Halpern."Youensureyouhaveyourownhouse,andyoudon'tevenhavetowatchTV

withyourfamilybecauseyouhavefiveTVs."Thisisusefulresearch,butthereareafew

caveats.Thetroubleisthatyoumaynotgetaverythoughtfulanswerifyoumerelyask一

astheydidlastyear-whether"generallyspeaking,mostpeoplecanbetrusted".Forthe

Britishliketothinkofthemselvesascanny,savvy,nobody'sfools.Wehaveapowerful

cultureofsatireandahypercriticalmediawhichgleefullysplashnewsofeveryprivate

andpublicbetrayal,howevertrivial.Inourfantasylifewecourtparanoia,lappingup

crimethrillersandspynovels.Wearefascinatedbyrogues,fromChaucefsPardonerto

DelBoy.Wearebadatrisk-assessment,andrepeatedsurveysshowthatwefearcrime

farmorethanisjustified.Soweareconditionedtoclaimthatwedon'ttrustpeoplemuch.

AScandinavianorDutchmanisproudtoexpresstrustandaffectionforhisfellow-man(I

havejustbeensailingonaDutchshipforafortnightandtheprevailingopen-heartedness

makesanyBritonfeellikeScrooge).Ournationalpreferenceistopursethelips,shake

theheadandaffectanairofjudiciouscanniness.Butifyoulookattheactualdaily

workingsofBritishsocietythereisanastonishingdegreeofunquestioningtrustof

strangers,simplybecauseweareatechnologicalsociety.Theserespondentswhotellthe

researchersthat"generallyspeaking,peoplecannotbetrusted"areinfactblithelytrusting

distantstrangersalldaylong.Everytimeyougetonatrainorplaneyouputyourlifeinto

thehandsofunseenengineersanddesigners,drivers,pilotsandtrafficcontrollers.When

yougiveapasswordtoabankcallcentreyouarcdisplayingtrust:tappingyourcredit-

cardnumberontoanInternetsite,youaffirmtherectitudeofacompanyyouhavenever

seen,andrelyontheconscientiousnessofdistantsoftwaredesigners.Thelistofour

trustfulwaysgoesonandon.Twentyminutes'contemplationofthesimplescams

uncoveredbytheBBCWatchdogshouldsuggestthatratherthanlivinginastateof

constantsuspicion,inmanyareasoflifewearerelaxedtothepointofgullibility.Butask

thebaldquestion,andwethinkimmediatelyaboutthosewhopubliclyletusdown:

politicianswhobrokeelectionpromises,pensionfundsthatjeopardizedourfuturewhile

theirdirectorsswannedoffwithbonuses,starswhoturnedsleazy.Thisisnotentirely

healthy.Whatwesaywill,intheend,becomewhatwethink.U.S.evidenceisdenser

thanours,butbroadlyspeakingitisclearthattrustislinkedlonsocialcapital"一

networks,alliances,localsocieties,anythingthattakespeopleoutintocommonspaces.

ThereismuchdiscussionintheEnglish-speakingnationsabouthowto"rebuild"social

capital,butIwasgladtoseethatthe2002reportwasextremelycautiousabouttheability

ofpolicy-makerstochangethings.Thelastthingweneedisnagging.Ialsomuch

enjoyeditsworriedlittledigressionintothenegativesideofsocialcapital-old-boy

networks,micro-communitiesthatexcludeoutsiders,ethnicghettos,andsoforth.Mr.

Halpcrn*sbookwillcometomoreinformedconclusionsthanIcan:butmyowninstinct,

fromtheresearchandfromobservation,istodrawonlytwo.First,we'renotquiteas

cynicalaswesayweare,andnothinglikeascynicalasourmedia.Secondly,theworst

crisisoftrustisnotactuallybetweencitizens,butbetweencitizensandtheirgovernment

andinstitutions.Theremedyforthatisinthehandsofpoliticians,whooughttopolice

theirownambitionandgreedandthatoftheircorporatefriends.Interferencefromthetop

isalousyidea.Examplefromthetopwouldbemuchbetter.

12、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsHalpern'ssurveyisoneof

slightantipathy

B、blanketapproval

C、slightdisapproval

D^strongdisapproval

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。第四段開頭指出，這項(xiàng)調(diào)查的確是有益的，但是也需要做些

說明。問題在于如果像去年那樣，調(diào)查時(shí)僅僅詢問是否“總的來說，大部分人是可

以信任的“，人們的回答或許沒有經(jīng)過深思熟慮。由此可知，作者對(duì)哈珀恩調(diào)查的

態(tài)度總體上是肯定的，只是有些小小的質(zhì)疑，故［C］為答案。

13、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutScandinaviansorBritonsisINCORRECT?

A、Scandinaviansaregenerallyfrankandopen.

B、Britonsarereluctanttoshowhospitality.

C^Britonspretendtobeshrewd.

D、Britonsprefersatiricalart.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段第二句指出，斯堪的納維亞人或荷蘭人樂于對(duì)他的同

胞表示信任友愛，并引以為豪。故［A|正確；第四段第四句指出，我們有強(qiáng)大的諷

刺文化和吹毛求疵的媒體，他們愉快地大篇幅報(bào)道任何一次涉及私人或公眾的欺騙

背叛。故［D］正確；笫五段木句指出，而我們英國人更喜歡撅撅嘴、搖搖頭，假裝

精明機(jī)智。故［C］正確；文章沒有提及［B］,故為答案。

14、Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstosuggestallofthefollowingEXCEPT

that.

A、theBritishgovernmentshouldsetagoodexampleforcitizens

B、theBritishgovernmentshouldbearsomeresponsibilityforloweredtrustfulness

C^theBritishpeopleshouldlearntotrusttheirgovernmentmore

D、theBritishpeoplearen'tdistrustfulofeachother

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解斤：推斷題。末段指出，哈珀恩先生書中的結(jié)論會(huì)比作者的更有見地；但

通過上述的調(diào)研和自己的觀察，作者本能地得出兩個(gè)結(jié)論：第一，我們并沒有像自

己所說的那么憤世嫉俗，更不像媒體那樣冷嘲熱諷；第二，最大的信任危機(jī)并不是

在民眾之間，而存在于民眾與政府以及各種公共機(jī)構(gòu)之間。補(bǔ)救辦法則掌握在各位

政客手中，他們應(yīng)該控制一下自己以及企業(yè)界朋友的野心與貪欲。自上而下的干預(yù)

令人生厭，不過自上而下的表率會(huì)更有效。由此可知［A|、［B］和［D］都是作者的觀

點(diǎn)，故排除。這里并沒有號(hào)召人們學(xué)習(xí)信任政府，故［C］為答案。

二、簡答題（本題共8題，每題7.0分，共8分。）

15、PASSAGEONE

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:Theteachingofhistoryshouldn'tbeneglectedinscientificeducation.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段。該段前三句指出，這是否意味

著普通大眾不應(yīng)該接受更多的科學(xué)教育呢?恰恰相反!所有這一切意味著，如果科學(xué)

教育僅僅落腳于削弱文學(xué)和歷史而強(qiáng)化物理、化學(xué)、生物等，那么大眾科學(xué)教育將

會(huì)弊大于利。接下來進(jìn)一步將沒有歷史知識(shí)的普通人和不識(shí)字但卻有歷史積淀和美

感的農(nóng)民進(jìn)行對(duì)比，其目的顯然是為了說明科學(xué)教育中歷史知識(shí)的教授不容忽視，

故答案是Theteachingofhistoryshouldiftbcncglcctcdinscientificeducation0

16、PASSAGETWO

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Becausetheweatherthereisnotagreeable.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第一段。首段第三句指出，天氣如此干燥，

以至于雨蛙都遲遲沒有電現(xiàn)，使得許多人擔(dān)心今年將不會(huì)聽到這些神奇的小青蛙們

用美妙的歌聲為他們祈福了。故答案是Becausetheweatherthereisnotagreeableo

PASSAGETHREE

17、WhatqualitiesdoesVictoriahaveinherhusband'seyes?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Intelligence,beautyandhumbleness.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析?：首段末句指出：“她不僅謙虛—這在90年代很普遍，還非常美麗，

這在任何年代都不是那么常見的?！钡诙问拙涮岬剑谒麄冋J(rèn)識(shí)之初，他甚至認(rèn)

為她才智過人?？梢?，維多利亞在她丈夫眼里是聰明、漂亮、謙虛的，因此答案是

Intelligence,beautyandhumbleness<>

18、WhatimpressionofVirginiuscanwegetfromthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Heisamanofhighaspiration.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段第三句提到，弗吉尼亞斯就是這樣一個(gè)嚴(yán)肅的年輕人，他夢(mèng)想

有翼一日能在世上取得輝煌的地位，以遠(yuǎn)勝于他默默無聞的祖先。由此可見，他是

有遠(yuǎn)大志向的，故答案為Hei$amanofhighaspirationo

19>WhatqualitydoesVirginiuslackaccordingtoParagraphThree?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Firmness.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段。該段最后一句指出，對(duì)維多利亞繼續(xù)以

其他形式信奉絕對(duì)真理的堅(jiān)定精神，他向來無比欽佩，因?yàn)樗偸菤J佩他不具備的

所有品質(zhì)，據(jù)此可判斷他不具有堅(jiān)定的精神，因此答案為Firmness。

PASSAGEFOUR

20、Whatdoestheword"probity"inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：如legrity.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段。該段第四句指出，在愛爾蘭和美國，信

任度也在持續(xù)下降；而與此同時(shí)，挪威人、瑞典人、丹麥人以及荷蘭人卻對(duì)相互間

的“probity”表現(xiàn)出極大的信心：他們的信任度在上升。由此可知，這里作者是將

美、英等國的信任度降低和北歐人的信任度提高進(jìn)行對(duì)比。根據(jù)常識(shí)，能夠讓人們

之間互相信任的品質(zhì)應(yīng)該是“正直誠信”，故答案是Integrityo

21、WhatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressbysayingthattheBritisharelappingupcrime

thrillersandspynovels?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:TheBritishdon'ttrustpeoplemuchinfantasylife.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段。該段最后三句指出：在我們幻想的生活

中，我們喜好偏執(zhí)妄想，偏愛犯罪驚悚片和間諜小說。從喬叟筆下的懺悔者到熱播

喜劇中的人物德爾小子，這些流氓惡棍形象令我們?nèi)朊?。我們不善于做風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估，

一次次的調(diào)查表明，我們對(duì)犯罪行為的恐懼遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了正常合理的范圍。由此可

知，英國人習(xí)慣了不相信他人，所以他們對(duì)于勾心斗角的犯罪片和間諜小說比較熱

衷。另外，第五段的第一句也承接第四段明確提到了這點(diǎn)，“我們習(xí)慣了大聲宣稱

自己不太信任他人“，所以答案是TheBritishdon'ttrustpeoplemuchinfantasylifeo

22、What'sthecharacteroftheBritishaccordingtotheauthor?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Theytendtobecredulous.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第六段。該段最后兩句指出，我們表達(dá)信任的方

式數(shù)不勝數(shù)。花20分鐘想想英國廣播公司的《消費(fèi)者監(jiān)察人》節(jié)目中揭露的那些

欺騙消費(fèi)者的伎倆就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，大家并沒有一直生活在懷疑之中；相反，在生活的很

多方面，我們松懈到了輕信的程度。故答案是Theytendtobecredulouso

專業(yè)英語八級(jí)（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、常規(guī)閱讀理解（本題共20題，每題7.0分，共2。

分。）

TheU.S.economyhasbeendraggingalonglately,buthere'sasmallshotinthearm.

Gasolinepriceshavefallentotheirlowestlevelin33months.Theaveragepriceof

gasolinenationwidehasdroppedfrom$3.74pergalloninFebruaryto$3.19today.In

stateslikeMissouriandTexas,gasolinehassunkbelovz$3pergallonatthepump,a

pricenotseeninyears.Economiststendtothinkafallingasolinepricescanhelp

stimulatetheeconomybygivingpeoplemoremoneytospendonothergoods.Thinkofit

likeataxcut.Earlierthismonth,theforecastingfirmMacroec