專業(yè)英語四級(jí)（閱讀）模擬試卷24（共196題）

專業(yè)英語四級(jí)（閱讀）模擬試卷24（共

9套）

（共196題）

專業(yè)英語四級(jí)（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、選擇題（本題共12題，每題1.0分，共，2分。）

Ordinarilywepaylittleattentiontothewordswespeak.Weconcentrateinsteadonthe

meaningweintendtoexpressandareseldomconsciousofhowweexpressthatmeaning.

Onlyifwemakeamistakeandhavetocorrectitorhavedifficultyrememberingaword

dowebecomeconsciousofourwords.Thismeansthatmostofusdon'tknowwherethe

wordswcusecomefromandhowtheycometohavethemeaningstheydo.Sincewords

playsuchanimportantroleinourlives,makingourlifeeasyordifficultdependingon

whichwordswechooseonagivenoccasion,exploringtheirnatureandoriginshould

provideaninterestingadventure.Englishwordscomefromseveraldifferentsources.

Theydevelopnaturallyoverthecourseofcenturiesfromancestrallanguages,theyare

alsoborrowedfromotherlanguages,andwecreatemanyofthembyvariousmeansof

wordformation.Eachofthesesourceshasmadeamaterialimpactonthevocabulary

availabletoustoday.Firstofall,itisimportanttoknowthatlanguagesmayberelated

justlikepeople.YouhaveprobablynoticedthatpeoplefromEngland,Brooklyn,and

NorthCarolinaallspeakdifferently.Theypronouncethesamewordsdifferentlyandthey

evenusedifferentwordsforthesamemeaning.TheEnglishcallthe"hood"ofacarthe

"bonnet"andthepeopleinBrooklynHschlep"thingsaroundwhilepeopleinNorth

Carolina"drag"them.Thesedifferencesmakeupwhatarecalleddialectsandthepeople

inEnglandspeakoneofseveralBritishdialects（"Cockney"isoneofthemostcolorful）,

thepeopleinBrooklynspeakaBrooklyndialectandthoseinNorthCarolinaspeaka

Southerndialect.Dialectsarcvariantsofalanguage,variantswithslightlydifferent

pronunciation,differentgrammaticalrules,andslightlydifferentvocabularies.The

interestingthingaboutdialectsisthatastheycontinuetodevelopovertime,the

differencesbecomegreaterandgreateruntilpeoplefromonedialectareacannot

understandthosefromanother.Whenthishappens,thepeoplefromthedifferent,dialect

areasarespeakingdifferentlanguages.Languagesarenotstagnant;theydon'tremainthe

sameforever.Theyareconstantlydevelopingandchanging.Ifonedialectgrouploses

contactwithpeopleinanother,thetwogroupsarelikelytodevelopintomutually

unintelligiblelanguages.Atonetime,fbrexample,around1,000B.C.E.,therewasa

singlelanguagethatwecallProto-Germanic.Everyonespeakingitcouldunderstandeach

other.ButdialectsemergedthatdevelopedintolanguagesthataretodaycalledDanish,

Dutch,English,Farocse,German,Icelandic,Norwegian,andSwedish.Thesearethen

sisterlanguagesandProto-Germanicisthemotherlanguage.(Alllanguagescomefrom

one-parentfamilies.)Obviouslywordschangedastheselanguagesdevelopedfromtheir

ancestors.SothecorewordsinEnglishtodaydevelopedfromProto-Germanic(viaOld

English,MiddleEnglish,intoModernEnglish).TheseGermanicwordsincludesuch

wordsas"get","burn'*,"ring","house","dog","think".Theircognatescanbefoundin

otherGermaniclanguageswhichsharethesameorigin.English"house",Danish"hus",

andGerman"Haus"arecognates;soare"think"andGermanandDutch"denk-en".So

thesewordsarctheresultsof3,000yearsofdevelopmentindifferentdialectsofwhat

wasoriginallyasinglelanguage.Noticesomeoftherulesthatlinguistslookfbr:the"s"

inGermanoftencorrespondsto"t"inEnglish(Fuss,Wasser),whilethe"th"inEnglish

oftencorrespondsto"d"or"t"inGerman:(Mutter).The"ch"inGermanandthe"k"in

Englishseemtoberelated,too(Milch,machen).Theseparallelsinmanywords

demonstratethatthelanguagesarerelated.(Alsonoticethatvowelsaremuchmorelikely

tochangethanconsonants.Eventhechangedconsonantshereareverysimilartoeach

otherlinguistically.)

1、Theauthorthinksthatpeoplepaylittleattentionto.

ANwhycertainwordsexpresscertainmeaning

B、themeaningsofcertainwordsandexpressions

C^whatcausesustouseimproperexpressions

D、thesituationwherecertainmeaningissuitable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：原文第1段第2句和第4句表明我們很少關(guān)注詞語的意思從何而來，

也就是說我們很少關(guān)注為什么某個(gè)詞語具有某個(gè)意思，因此本題應(yīng)選A。第1段第

2句表明我們對(duì)B的內(nèi)容是關(guān)注的，因此B不符合題意；第1段主要指出我們很少

關(guān)注詞義的起源，沒有討論我們是否有注意詞的正確或錯(cuò)誤用法，因此C和D不

正確。

2、Whatismentionedabouldialects?

A^Peoplefindthedevelopmentofdialectsinteresting.

B、Dialectsarcdifferentfromlanguagesinmanyaspects.

C、Adialectwillendupinanewlanguagesomeday.

D、Adialectisintelligibleforpeopleoutsidethatarea.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C「

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第4段最后兩句提到關(guān)于方言的有趣的現(xiàn)象就是方言發(fā)展下去有朝一

日就會(huì)變成另一種語言，這一點(diǎn)從下一段的內(nèi)容可以得以確認(rèn)，由此可見，本題應(yīng)

選C。

3、Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A^sinGermanremainslinguisticallysimilarto"t"inEnglish.

B、Changedconsonantsandvowelssharesimilarlinguisticfeatures.

C^GermanismorecloselyrelatedtoEnglishthanotherlanguages.

D^Vowelchangesareoftenassociatedwithconsonantchanges.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段第2句指出德語中的s相當(dāng)于英語中的t,而最后一句表明

這些不同的輔音在語言學(xué)上很相似，A將這兩句的內(nèi)容結(jié)合在一起，因此為本題答

案。該段最后兩句提到元音和輔音時(shí)，是分別講述兩者各自的特點(diǎn)的，沒有將它們

作比較，也沒有講兩者之間的聯(lián)系，因此B和D不正確：雖然該段以德語和英語

為例，但不能因此說德語和英語關(guān)系最密切，所以C不正確。

4、Whatwordscanbedescribedascognates?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Wordsfrom(hesameorigin./Wordsdevelopedfromthesameorigin.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：cognate一詞出自倒數(shù)第2段。該段最后兩句表明在不同的語言當(dāng)

中，會(huì)有一些詞形不同但意思相同的單詞，這些詞就是cognate。該段倒數(shù)第2句

中的定語從句whichsharethesameorigin表明這些語言來源于同一個(gè)起源?？梢?，

cognams應(yīng)該是指來自大同語言但起源相同的單詞，雖然它們的意思相同，但原文

更注重的是“起源''的問題，因此，此處應(yīng)回答“同源詞”，而不要回答“同義詞

5、WhatissueconcerningEnglishdoesthepassagefocusondealingwith?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：TheoriginofEnglishwords.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：原文第1段的作用是引出“詞源”這個(gè)話題，第2段表明本文并不關(guān)注

所有語言的起源，而只關(guān)注英語詞匯的起源，該段提到了英語單詞有三種形成方

式，第3段的firstofall表明接下來將逐一介紹這些形成方式，由此可見，本文介

紹英語單詞的來源歷史。

Islamisacompletewayoflife.ItconsidersthefamilythecornerstoneofIslamic

society.Itbasestheatmosphereinthefamilyonsacrifice,love,loyalty,andobedience.

Whenwesay"family"wemeanthetraditionaldefinitionofit,namelyhusband,wifeand

children.GrandparentsarealsopartoftheextendedMuslimfamily.Itmaybeaskedhere:

howdoesIslamorganizefamilyrelationships?Toanswerthiswehavetoconcentrateon:

husbandwiferelationshipandparentchildrenrelationship.Asforhusbandwife

relationshipthefollowingverseportraystherightIslamicatmosphere:"Andamonghis

signsisthis:Hecreatedforyouspousesfromyourselvesthatyoumightfindrestinthem,

andHeordainedbetweenyouloveandmercy.MTheProphetofIslamp.b.u.h.also

stressedthesemeaningsv/henhesaid:Thebestamongyouarethosewhoarebesttotheir

familiesandIamthebestofyoutomyfamily.Heonceexclaimed:itisonlytheevilone

whoabusesthem(women)andthehonoredoneishewhohonorsthem.Onceamancame

totheProphetp.b.u.h.andasked:whoisthepersonwhoismostworthyofmygood

companionship?TheProphetansweredyourmother,yourmother,yourmotherthenyour

father.ThatiswhyIslammadeParadiseunderthefeetofmothersaccordingtoone

traditionoftheProphetp.b.u.h.TheseareamongthemainchaptersoftheQuranthat

decideandclearlydepicttheIslamicrelationshipbetweenparentsandtheirchildren.Itis

arelationshipbasedasweseeonbeliefinAllah,andfeelingthatHeobservesallwhatwe

doandthatweareaccountabletoHimeveninthebadbreaththatwemayreleasea-

gainstourparentswhenweareangry.Eventhishastobecontrolled.Letusremember,

however,thatitisonlyparentswhodotheirduty,whodeservethishonorabletreatment

oftheirchildren.ThatiswhywhenaparentcametotheProphetp.b.u.h.andcomplained

tohimabouttheingratitudeofhisson,thesonsaid:HewasungratefultomeO

MessengerofAllah,beforeIshowedingratitudetohim.SotheProphetp.b.u.h.didnot

blamethesonbutdislikedtheattitudeofhisparent.Thisisamessagetoallparents.（*本

文中的ProphetofIslamp.b.u.h指先知穆罕墨德;p.b.u.h即peacebeupon）

6、"Islamisacompletewayoflife"because.

A、familylifeisbasedonIslamicmorality

BNthesocietyisgroundedinIslamicrules

C、afamilyusuallyincludesatleastthreegenerations

D、Islamdefinesfamilyashusband,wifeandchildren

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第1段的首句與第2、3句構(gòu)成隱含的因果關(guān)系，第1句為果，第

2、3句為因，第3句伊斯蘭教規(guī)定家庭要以犧牲、愛、忠誠、順從為基礎(chǔ)，這些

都屬于伊斯蘭教的教義，由此可見A是對(duì)第3句的近義改寫，為本題答案。

7、Whichparagraphdiscussesbothhusbandwiferelationshipandparentchildren

relationship?

A^Paragraph3.

B、Paragraph4.

CxParagraph5.

D、Paragraph6.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第4段前兩句是關(guān)于husbandandwiferelationship的，剩下的三句是

關(guān)于parentchildrenrelalionship的，可見本題應(yīng)選B。從各段的用詞可以看出，第

3段的內(nèi)容只關(guān)于husbandandwiferelationship,第5段和第6段的內(nèi)容只關(guān)于

parentchildrenrelationshipo

8、Whatistrueabouttheparentchildrenrelationship?

A、Childrenshouldrespectparentsdespiteparents*ill-treatment.

B、Parentswithoutgratitudetochildrenarenotworthrespect.

C、Parentsshouldtoleratechildren'soccasionalmoodiness.

D、Childrenshouldbegratefultoparentsunconditionally.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Bl

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：最后一段第1句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句itisonly...的內(nèi)容表明只有盡了責(zé)任的父

母才值得孩子的尊敬，本段中提到的先知p.b.u.h.的例子也是為了說明這一

點(diǎn)，說明父母要想得到孩子的尊重，首先得尊重孩子，由此可見，本題應(yīng)選B。

9、Whodoesthecapitalized"He"inthethirdparagraphreferto?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案："Allah”.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：He是大寫的，原文只有在第5段第2句提到Allah的時(shí)候再次用了

He來指代Allah。He大寫的時(shí)候，是指伊斯蘭教的“真主”。

Manygenerationsago,theIroquoispeoplelivedinastateofperpetualwarthroughout

theirhomelandsinwhatisnowNewYorkState.EventhoughtheIroquoiswerethe

closestofrelatives,theyweremercilessintheirbattlesagainsteachother.Thepeople

livedinastateoffearsooverwhelmingthattheyrefusedtoleavetheirfencedvillages

withoutaheavyguard.Hastilyplantedcropswereoftenlefttodecayinthetillingfields

becauseoffrequentraids,whileambushesinthenearbyforestspreventedthemenfrom

hunting,resultinginwidespreadstarvation.ManyIroquoisabandonedtheirhomes,with

someseekingrefugenorthofLakeOntario.Inoneofthesebandsofrefugees,avery

specialchildwasborn.TheIroquoiscametoknowhimasSkennenrahowi,whichmeans

"Peacemaker"intheMohawklanguage.WhenSkennenrahowigrewtobeayoungman

whostuttered,heinformedhisfamilythathewastoundertakethegreatmissiongivento

himbytheCreator:tocarrytheGreatLawofPeacetoallIroquoispeople.Hewasto

returntoIroquoisterritorywithamessageofhopethatwouldendwarfareamongthe

PeopleoftheLonghouse:thefiveIroquoisbandsofMohawks,Oneidas,Onondagas.

CayugasandSenecas.HedepartedfromtheBayofQuinteinacanoehehadbuilt,

crossingbroadLakeOntariolikeagreatboltoflightning.Oncehereachedtheeastern

shoreofthelake,heencounteredtwohuntersandtoldthemmatanewdaywouldarrive

whenwarfareamongtheIroquoiswouldend.Hebeganhistravels,soonenteringSeneca

territory,whereheencounteredapowerfulfemaleleadernamedJikonsahsch.Through

reasonandhisgoodmind,hepersuadedhertoembracetheGreatLawofPeace.Inreturn

forherconversion,Skennenrahowiestablishedtheroleofclanmother,whichgave

Iroquoiswomenpoliticalandsocialpowerwithoutparallelintheworld.Skennenrahowi

madehiswayeastwherehemetAiionwatha(Iliawama),aleaderoftheOnondaga

Nation.Aiionwatha,agreatorator,wasalsoconvincedtoacceptmeGreatLawby

becomingSkcnnenrahowi'sprincipaldisciple.Otherswerealarmedbythenewway,

includinganotherOnondagaleader,Tadodaho,aseverelydeformedmanwhowasknown

forhistreachery.TadodahodecidedtobreakthespiritofAiionwathabyhavingthepeace

advocate'ssevendaughterskilled.ItissaidAiionwatha'sgriefovertheirdeathwasso

greatthatitcausedtheanimalstofleebeforehim.Afterwanderingmindlesslyfordays,

Aiionwathacametoasmalllake.Aiionwathapickedupsnailshellsthathemadeintoa

string,declaringthathewouldonlyhealwhensomeonetookthestringandspokethe

wordsofcondolencethatheneededtohear.Thosewordswerestutteredby

Skennenrahowi,thePeacemaker.Withtheshellshecollected,Aiionwathadeveloped

wampum,asacredmemorydevicesubsequentlyusedtorecordIroquoishistory,which

includestheirGreatLawofPeace.

10^BeforethebirthofSkennenrahowi,theIroquoispeoplecouldbestbedescribedas

A、formidable

valiant

C>idle

D、deprived

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:第1段第4句中的decay,starvation等詞都表明當(dāng)時(shí)thekoquois

people生活很貧困，因此本題應(yīng)選D。A（可怕的）可以形容喜歡戰(zhàn)爭的那部分易洛

魁人，如果用于形容所有的易洛魁人，就過于片面了；文中只描述了易洛魁人的戰(zhàn)

爭是“殘酷的“，這與B（英勇的）是兩回事；C項(xiàng)在文中未提及。

11、WhenSkennenrahowigrewtobeayoungman,hebelieved.

A^hewasbornwiththemissionofpeacemaking

B、theIroquoispeopleweretiredofwars

C、hewasdestinedtobemeleaderoftheIroquoispeople

D、theIroquoispeopledeservedabetterlife

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第2段第1句中的theCrealor特指"上帝”，本句表明Skennenrahowi

認(rèn)為爭取和平是上帝賦予給他的任務(wù)，也就是說，他相信這個(gè)任務(wù)是伴隨出生而來

的，是命中注定的，因此，A的說法是正確的。

12、AfterAiionwatha'sdaughterswerekilled,he.

A^decidedtobecomeSkennenrahowi'sdisciple

B、wasoverwhelmedbygrief

C、declaredwaronTadodaho

D^becamedoubtfuloftheGreatLawofPeace

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第4段最后一句中的grief以及結(jié)果狀語從句so...thal...表明

當(dāng)時(shí)Aiionwatha很悲傷，最后一段的內(nèi)容也驗(yàn)證了這個(gè)說法，可見本題應(yīng)選B。A

發(fā)生在Aiionwaiha的女兒被殺之前，不符合本題題意；其他兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)根本沒有原

文依據(jù)。

13、WhichIroquoistribewasSkennenrahowibornto?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Mohawk.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第1段最后一句提到Skennenrahowi這個(gè)名字在theMohawklanguage

是“調(diào)停人”的意思，第2段第2句提到Mohawk是Iroquois五個(gè)部族之一，兩個(gè)細(xì)

節(jié)結(jié)合，可以推斷出Skennenrahowi來自Mohawk部落。

Thevenerable20-volumeOxfordEnglishDictionarycontainsabout700,000words,but

theeditorsrecentlyrealizedtheyweremissingone:Doh!ThecartooncharacterHomer

Simpson'sforehead-smackinglamentisoneofsome250entriesbeingaddedtodaytothe

dictionary,whichiswidelyconsideredtheleadingauthorityontheEnglishlanguage.

"Doh"isnowdefinedas"Expressingfrustrationattherealizationthatthingshaveturned

outbadlyornotasplanned,orthatonehasjustsaidordonesomethingfoolish,'1

accordingtothenewentryinthedictionary.TheSimpsonsonlypopularizedtheterm;it

wasactuallyusedextensivelyinthe1950s,theOEDfound.Althoughitisoftenspelled

“D'oh,"thedictionarychosetoomittheapostrophe.Othernewcomerstothedictionary

includecheesy,whichmeanssecond-rateorinferior;six-pack,meaningrippling

abdominalmuscles,andBollywood,whichreferstotheHindifilmindustrybasedin

Bombay,India."We'llhavetermsfrominiinuno-biologytogangsterrap,"saysJesse

Sheidlower,whoisheadoftheprojectforNorthAmerica.TheOED'sstaffof50editors

iswadingthroughpopularculturelookingfornewwordsandusagesthatmeritanentry,

aspartofits8-ycar-oldmillionupdatingproject.Itisthefirstcompleterevisionofthe

dictionarysinceitwascompletedin1928."Theprinciplewaywegetnewentriesisto

havereaderslookaroundtheworldforthingsthatseemneworsignificant,"saysJohn

SimpsoiLchiefeditoroftheOED.ContributorshaveincludedaNobellaureateandan

inmateataninsaneasylum,amongthousandsofothers."Wehaveabout200.000

examplesentencescomingintothedepartmenteachyear."Simpson(John,not

Homer)andhiscolleagueswhittlethatlistdowntothefewthatseemtohavegotasolid

footholdinpopularusage.Hesayshisjobalsogiveshimanexcusetowatchalotof

actionfilms,soapoperasandquizshows,tolookformorenewterms."Manytermsare

mucholderthanyouthinktheyare,"saysSheidlower."Phat,"forexample,makesits

debutintheOEDtodayasaslangtermmeaningcool.ButithasbeenAfrican-American

slangsinceatleastthe1960s,OEDresearchersfound.Thewordevenappearedwithits

presentmeaninginTimemagazinein1963.Thedictionarycontainssomesurprisesfor

peoplewhothinktheyareusingthelatest,cutting-edgejargon.

14、WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueabouttheword"Doh"?

A^ItwasoriginatedbythecartooncharacterHomerSimpson.

B、Itkeepsitsoriginalmeaningbutchangesitsoriginalspelling.

C^ItspopularityreturnedwiththeappearanceoftheSimpsons.

D^ItsdictionarydefinitionmakesnoreferencetotheSimpsons.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第4段首句中的popularized表明Doh并不是由theSimpsons發(fā)明

的，而該句的第2個(gè)分句表明這個(gè)詞早在1950年代就有了，雖然沒有說明有什么

人首先使用，但一定不是(heSimpsons,因此A說法錯(cuò)誤，為本題答案。

15、JohnSimpsonandhiscolleaguescutdownthenumberofnewwordsbasedonthe

principleof.

A、economy

B、originality

C>significance

D、popularity

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：倒數(shù)第5段首句中的asolidfootholdinpopularusage表明Simpson和

他的同事是根據(jù)流行程度決定哪個(gè)詞留用，哪個(gè)詞刪除，可見本題應(yīng)選D。第8段

首句中的new,significant指的是廣泛選詞的原則，而不是題干中提到的“刪詞的原

則”。

16、AccordingtotheIasiparagraph,whatsurpriseswillthedictionarybringtothe

people?

A^Therewillbethemostnovelandpopularwordsinthedictionary.

B、Peoplewillrealizetheyarenotasfashionableastheyimagine.

C、Therewillbemosthelpfulwordsforthosewhowanttobetrendy.

D^Peoplewillrealizetheyarenotasknowledgeableastheythink.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：倒數(shù)第4段可以說是這4段的主題句，因此，最后一段的surprises應(yīng)

該是指字典里的詞并不如人們想象的那么新，因此，認(rèn)識(shí)這些詞的人也就并不是他

們想象的那么時(shí)髦了，可見，本題應(yīng)選B。注意最后一段的定語從句限定了題目針

對(duì)什么樣的人，其中的latesl和cutting-edge表明該句中的人與“時(shí)髦”有關(guān)，而與是

否“有知識(shí)”無關(guān)，這樣就排除D；A是原文一直以來強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞典的特點(diǎn)，但不能算

是surprise；C雖然有trendy一詞與“時(shí)髦”有關(guān)，但整個(gè)句子偏離了最后4段的意

思。

17、Whatarethe250newentriesaddedtothedictionarytakenfrom?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Popularculture.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)題干中的250可以先定位到第2段，但這一段并沒有說明這250

個(gè)新詞來自哪里，原文前6段都是250個(gè)新詞中的例子，直到第7段首句中的

wadingthroughpopularculture才指出了上文所舉的例子和250個(gè)新詞是來自

popularcultureo

專業(yè)英語四級(jí)（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、選擇題(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)

(1)Studentloansarebasedonasimpleidea:thatagraduate'sfutureflowofearningswill

morethancoverthecostsofdoingadegree.Butwithunemploymentratesinpartsofthe

richworldatpost-warhighs,thatmaynolongerholdtrueformanypeople.The

consequenceswillbefeltbyeverybody.(2)Allovertheworldstudentindebtednessis

causingproblems—witnessthismonth'sviolentprotestsinChile.InBritain,accordingto

arecentparliamentaryreport,risinguniversityfeesmeanthatstudentdebtislikelyto

trebleto￡70billion.But.partlybecausehighereducationthereissoexpensive,thescale

oftheproblemisfargreaterinAmerica.Whenthenextofficialestimatesofoutstanding

studentdebttherearepublished,itisexpectedtobecloseto$1trillion,higherthan

credit-cardborrowing.Creditqualityinotherclassesofconsumerdebthasbeen

improving;delinquencyratesonstudentloansarerising.(3)Manyoftheanti-WallStreet

protesterspushtheideaofblanketdebtforgivenessasasolution.Butthatisthewrong

answer.Highereducationisnotaguaranteeofemployment,butitimprovestheodds

immensely.Unemploymentratesamonguniversitygraduatesstoodat4.4%onaverage

acrossOECDcountriesin2009.Peoplewhodidnotcompletesecondaryschoolfaced

unemploymentratesof11.5%.Muchofthedebtthatsiudentsaretakingonisprovided

orguaranteedbythegovernment.Imposingwrite-offsonalltaxpayerstobenefitthose

withthebestjobprospectsisunfair;andrippingupcontractsbetweenborrowersand

privatelendersisusuallyabadidea.(4)Thatsaid,student-loansystemsinAmericaand

elsewhereareoftenbadlydesignedforanextendedperiodofhighunemployment.In

contrasttothehousingcrash,theriskfromstudentdebtisnotofasuddenexplosionin

lossesbutofgradualfinancialsuffocation.Thepressureneedstobeeased.(5)Oneoption

istochangethebankruptcylaws.InAmerica,Britainandelsewhere,thesetreatstudent

debtasaspecialcase;unlikeotherformsofdebt,itcannotbewipedout.Ifstudentdebt

isnottoshackleexistinggraduatesandputofffutureones,therulescouldbechangedso

thatitisdischargeableinbankruptcy.Yetthereasoningbehindthecurrentbankruptcy

provisionsislogicalenough:educationisanassetthatcannotberepossessedandthat

keepsonbenefitingtheindividualthroughhisorherlifetime.Someworrythatgraduates

wouldrushtodeclarebankruptcy,handinglossestotaxpayers.(6)Soasecondoptionis

preferable.Manycountries,Americaincluded,havedesignedstudentdebtprimarilyasa

mortgage-likeobligation:itisrepaidtoafixedschedule.Otherplaces,likeBritainand

Australia,makestudent-loanrepaymentscontingentonreachinganincomethresholdso

thattheprospectoftakingondebtismoreacceptabletopeoplefrompoorerbackgrounds.

Thatapproachmakessense,especiallywhenjobsarescarce.Income-basedrepayment

oughttobecomethenorm.(7)Bothchangeswouldleadtoarepricingofstudentdebt.

Thatwouldbeabadthingfbrtaxpayers,butagoodthingoverall.Ifsuchinformation

weremadepublic,otherusefuldatawouldfollow-ontheaveragefinancialreturnsto

graduatesofspecificsubjects,fbrexample.Thosestudyinglessprofitablesubjectswould

havetopaymore,orbesubsidisedmore.Itwouldbeacontroversialapproach,buta

moreeducatedone.(本文選自TheEconomist)

I、Wecanlearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat.

A^highunemploymentratesmakeithardfbrstudentstogetloans

B、raisinguniversityfeesisavalidwaytobalancestudentloans

C、studentindebtednesshasbecomeanincreasinglytrickyissue

D^creditqualityincludingstudentdebtshasbeenimproved

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題、根據(jù)文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知，發(fā)達(dá)國家失業(yè)率達(dá)到戰(zhàn)后新

高，助學(xué)貸款引發(fā)的學(xué)生債務(wù)問題日益嚴(yán)峻，每個(gè)人都會(huì)感受到它帶來的后果；第

二段具體描述了各個(gè)國家學(xué)生的助學(xué)貸款問題，由此可知，C”學(xué)生債務(wù)已成為一

個(gè)日益棘手的問題”為正確答案。第一段第二句提到失業(yè)率達(dá)到戰(zhàn)后新高，但并沒

有說學(xué)生因此難以申請(qǐng)到貸款，故排除A；第二段提到，在英國，上漲的大學(xué)學(xué)費(fèi)

意味著學(xué)生債務(wù)到有可能增至700億英鎊，由此可知，漲學(xué)費(fèi)不能解決學(xué)生的債務(wù)

問題，故排除B；根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，其他類別的消費(fèi)者債務(wù)的信用質(zhì)量一

直在提高，而學(xué)生貸款的拖欠率卻在不斷攀升，D陳述錯(cuò)誤，故排除。

2、Inordertorelievethefinancialpressurebroughtbystudentloans,whichoptiondie

authorrecommendedisbetter?

Topushtheideaofblanketdebtforgiveness.

B、Tochangethecurrentbankruptcylaws.

C、Toallowstudentsrepaytheloansonanincome-basis.

D^Toprolongtherepaymenttime.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第四段提到學(xué)生貸款問題亟待解決，并在第五、六段給

出詳細(xì)的解決方案。作者在第五段提到的第一個(gè)解決方案為：修改破產(chǎn)法。接下來

分析了這個(gè)方案存在的一些問題一貸款者口J能爭相宣告破產(chǎn)，而將損失轉(zhuǎn)嫁給納

稅人；作者在第六段提到了第二個(gè)解決方案：將學(xué)生貸款設(shè)計(jì)成類似按揭貸款的債

務(wù)——按固定的時(shí)間表還款。并且分析出方案二是更合理、更可行的。由此可知，

C為正確答案，同時(shí)排除B。第三段第一句提到，很多華爾街的抗議游行示威者們

擁護(hù)免除一切債務(wù)的解決方案，但第二句接著說這是錯(cuò)誤的，故排除A。文中并未

提及D,故排除。

3、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A、StudentDebt-aFinancialEvil

B、TheFutureofStudentLoans

C、StudentIndebtednessandItsCauses

D、SolutionstoProblemsofStudentIndebtedness

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。本文第一、二段陳述了目前由助學(xué)貸款引發(fā)的日益嚴(yán)重的學(xué)

生債務(wù)問題及其具體的表現(xiàn)；第三段闡述了解決該問題的一個(gè)措施，接下來分析了

該措施的不可行性；第四段提到了解決助學(xué)貸款問題的必要性，并在第五、六段提

出了兩個(gè)解決方案，并逐一進(jìn)行分析，指出方案二更加合理、可行；最后一段中作

者總結(jié)和預(yù)測了實(shí)施這兩種方案的前景、得到的收益和可能存在的阻力。綜上所

述，D”應(yīng)對(duì)學(xué)生債務(wù)問題的解決方案”最能概括本文主旨，故為正確答案。A“學(xué)生

債務(wù)一一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)惡魔”、B“助學(xué)貸款的未來之路”和C“學(xué)生債務(wù)及其原因”都是文

章提及的內(nèi)容，但都不能概括主旨，故均排除。

(1)Afast-foodrestaurantwithinabout500feetofaschoolmayleadtoatleasta5

percentincreaseintheoverweightrateatthatschool,accordingtoastudyreleasedon

Friday.(2)Thestudy,conductedbyeconomistsatColumbiaUniversityandthe

UniversityCalifornia,Berkeley,suggeststhat"abanonfastfoodintheimmediate

proximityofschoolscouldhaveasizableeffectonobesityratesamongaffectedstudents.

"(3)Theresearcherslookedathowproximitytotherestaurantsaffectedobesityrates

among3millionninthgradersatCaliforniaschools,andmorethanImillionpregnant

womeninMichigan,NewJerseyandTexas.Theyfocusedontheninthgraders,typically

about14yearsold,inpartbecausethestudentsgetafitnesstestinthespring—about30

weeksafterstartingschoolandexposuretofastfood.Thestudy,releasedbythe

AmericanAssociationofWineEconomists,showedthat"thepresenceofafast-food

restaurantwithinatenthofamileofaschoolisassociatedwithatleasta5.2percent

increaseintheobesityrateinthatschool."Italsofoundthatpregnantwomenwholived

withinatenthofamileofafast-foodrestauranthad"a4.4percentincreaseinthe

probabilityofgainingover20kilos(44pounds)."(4)Thestudyfollowsonepresented

lastmonthatanAmericanStrokeAssociationconference.Researchersfromthe

UniversityofMichiganfoundpeoplewholiveinneighborhoodspackedwithfast-food

restaurantsaremorelikelytosufferstrokes.(5)InDecember,astudyfoundthatyouth

whostudywithinahalfmilefromafast-foodoutleteatfewerfruitandvegetables,drink

moresodaandaremorelikelytobeobesethanstudentsatotherschools.(6)JanetCurrie,

leadresearcherofthewineeconomists'study,saidthatitmightbeagoodpolicytohave

afast-food-freezoneiffastfoodnearschoolscausesobesity."Itwouldnotbeso

differentinspiritfromexistingpoliciesthataimtoprohibitsoftdrinksandjunkfoodsin

schoolsortoimprovethequalityofschoollunch,"shesaid.(7)Aspokeswomanfor

Yum!Brands,theparentcompanyofKFC,PizzaHut,TacoBellandLongJohnSilver's,

declinedtocomment,sayingshehadnotseenthestudy.BurgerKingdidnotreturncalls

seekingcomment.AMcDonald'sspokeswomanreferredcallstotheNationalRetail

Federation,atradegroupinWashington.(8)"Ithinkitwouldbeadangerousprecedent

tolimitthetypesoflegitimate,importantbusinessesandwherethey'relocatedinacity,“

federationspokeswomanEllenDavissaid."Doesn'titmakemoresenseforparentsto

limitachild'sallowanceorletthemknowwhenandwheretheycan'teatcertainthings?"

Davisaddedthatrestaurantshavechangedtheirmenusinthelastfiveyears,especially

forchildren'smeals."Weseemanyhealthyoptionsavailable—slicesofapple,milk

insteadofsodas...Ifsimportanttonotethatmanychainrestaurantshavetriedto

diversifytheirmenusandmakethemhealthier.”(本文選自www.reuters.com)

4、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutthestudymentionedinPara.2?

A、Itagreedthatfastfoodshouldbefarawayfromschool.

B、Itwasconductedbyeconomistsfromtwouniversities.

C、Itprovedthatfastfoodmayleadtost