浙江省紹興市諸暨市2023～2024學(xué)年高二英語上學(xué)期期末檢測試題含答案

諸暨市2023—2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期期末考試試題高二英語第一部分:聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Withwhatdidthemantakethephotos?A.Hiscamera.B.Hismobilephone.C.Thewoman’scamera.2.Whenwillthewomanmeetherdoctor?A.At7:00.B.At6:00.C.At8:00.3.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Atahotel.B.Atagasstation.C.Atagarage.4.WhatdoyouknowaboutChristine?A.Sheispleasedwithherhairstyle.B.Shelookssmartwithshorthair.C.Sheisparticularabouthaircut.5.Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshoulddo?A.Changethestyle.B.Chooseapropercolor.C.Dressprofessionally.第二節(jié)(共15小題:每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6至第7題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Husbandandwife.C.Co-workers.7.Whatisthewoman’sopinionaboutthenewworkers?A.Theyoughttobemoreresponsible.B.Theyshouldreceivemoretraining.C.TheyshouldmeettheHRmanager.聽第7段材料,回答第8至第9題。8.Whydidthemanmakethephonecall?A.Toordersweetfood.B.Tomakeareservation.C.Toinquireaboutcoffee.9.Whatcanyouinferfromtheirconversation?A.Themanisunlikelytohavebeentothecafé.B.Thewomancannottellthelocationaccurately.C.Thespeakersaretalkingfacetofaceinthecafé.聽第8段材料,回答第10至第12題。10.Whatdoyouknowabouttheconversation?A.Itisaninitiative.B.Itisanargument.C.Itisaninterview.11.Whyisthewomansofamiliarwiththebusroute?A.Sheusesiteveryday.B.Sheworksonthebus.C.Sheexploresregularly.12.Whichaspectdoesthewomanfindunsatisfactory?A.Themoneypassengersarecharged.B.Theservicethebusdriversprovide.C.Thebusshetakesonthewayhome.聽第9段材料,回答第13至第16題。13.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theman’sdad.B.Theman’sbirthdayparty.C.Thewoman’sbrother.14.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisfather’sperformanceonhisseventhbirthday?A.Motivated.B.Ashamed.C.Amused.15.Whatisthewoman’sattitudetotheperformanceoftheman’sdad?A.Favorable.B.Opposed.C.Suspicious.16.Howwillthemanhelpthewoman?A.Hewillaskhisfathertoperform.B.Hewillpersuadehisdadtohelp.C.Hewillassisthisdadtoperform.聽第10段材料,回答第17至第20題。17.Whatdoyouknowabouttheman?A.Hewasembarrassed.B.Hewasdrunk.C.Hewaswelcomed.18.Forwhatdidthemancomeintothebar?A.Abreak.B.Awalk.C.Adrink.19.Whatdoyouthinkofthewaythewaiterhandledthesituation?A.Reasonable.B.Abnormal.C.Contradictory.20.Wheredoesthehumorofthestorylie?A.Themanmanagedtoidentifythewaiters.B.Themandidn’tshowanysignofannoyance.C.Themanthoughthewenttothreedifferentbars.第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15個(gè)小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題紙上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號涂黑。(A)JoininginoneoftheoverseasvolunteerprogramsisafantasticideaforhighschoolstudentsduringvacationsHerearesomepopularprograms.StudentexchangeprogramsStudentexchangeprogramscanbeanexcellentwayforhighschoolstudentstotravelonabudgetandpromotecross-culturalunderstanding.Theseprogramsrangeinlengthfromacoupleofweekstoafullyearofclassesinaforeignhighschool.Feesvarybyprogram,butstudentsareoftenresponsibleforexpenseslikeairfareandfood.WorldWideOpportunitiesonOrganicFarmsAnothergreatoptionisWorldWideOpportunitiesonOrganicFarms(WWOOF).Ifyouareinterestedinworkingonafarm,youcandothatwithWWOOFinexchangeforfreeroomandboard.Opportunitiesareavailableinover500countries,andthetimecommitmentisuptoyoutodecide.Eachcountryhasitsownsetofrulesregardingminimumage,butWWOOFinGerman,Portugal,UK,andItalyacceptthoseundertheageof18.VirtualVolunteeringinNepalWhiletheideaofvirtualvolunteeringmightnotsoundquiteasexcitingasjettingofftonewdestinations,therealityisthatvolunteeringfromyourownhomecanbeadvantageous.Notonlydoyounothavetoworryaboutbuyingaplaneticketorpayingforexpensivehousing,butyoucanalsodoapart-timejobwhilestillgettinganimmersive(沉浸式的)internationalexperience.Studentscanworkonanynumberofprojects,fromEnglishlanguageeducationtocommunitydevelopment.GVI:VolunteeringforTeensSpecificallyofferingvolunteerprogramsforhighschoolstudents,GVI(GlobalVisionInternational)encouragesstudentsbetweentheagesof15and17toexplorethegreaterworld.Withprogramsaboutculturalimmersion,wildlifeconservationandcommunitydevelopment,highschoolstudentscanlearntobecomeaglobalcitizen.GVIprogramsareavailablein11countriesandlastonetotwoweeks.1.WhatistheadvantageofWWOOFtohighschoolvolunteers?A.Accommodationcanbefree. B.Nocountriessettheagelimit.C.Itadvocatesorganicfarming. D.Thetimecommitmentisshort.2.Whichprogramsuitsvolunteerswhocannotmakeitoverseas?A.Studentexchangeprograms B.VirtualVolunteeringinNepalC.GVI:VolunteeringforTeens D.WorldWideOpportunitiesonOrganicFarms3.Howdotheprogramsbenefitvolunteersthemselves?A.Theywillbeofferedmorejobopportunities.B.Theyaretobequalifiedenoughtobeleaders.C.Theycangainsomeinternationalexperiences.D.Theywillprogressinacademicperformances.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。短文介紹了一些受歡迎的海外志愿者項(xiàng)目?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AnothergreatoptionisWorldWideOpportunitiesonOrganicFarms(WWOOF).Ifyouareinterestedinworkingonafarm,youcandothatwithWWOOFinexchangeforfreeroomandboard.”（另一個(gè)很好的選擇是全球有機(jī)農(nóng)場機(jī)會（WWOOF）。如果你有興趣在農(nóng)場工作，你可以與WWOOF合作，以換取免費(fèi)食宿。）可知，WWOOF對高中志愿者的益處是住宿可以是免費(fèi)的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whiletheideaofvirtualvolunteeringmightnotsoundquiteasexcitingasjettingofftonewdestinations,therealityisthatvolunteeringfromyourownhomecanbeadvantageous.”（雖然虛擬志愿服務(wù)的想法聽起來可能不如飛往新的目的地那么令人興奮，但現(xiàn)實(shí)是，在國內(nèi)做志愿服務(wù)可能是有利的。）可知，VirtualVolunteeringinNepal適合無法出國的志愿者。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Studentexchangeprogramscanbeanexcellentwayforhighschoolstudentstotravelonabudgetandpromotecross-culturalunderstanding.”（學(xué)生交換項(xiàng)目是高中生窮游和促進(jìn)跨文化理解的好方法）根據(jù)“AnothergreatoptionisWorldWideOpportunitiesonOrganicFarms(WWOOF).Ifyouareinterestedinworkingonafarm,youcandothatwithWWOOFinexchangeforfreeroomandboard.”（另一個(gè)很好的選擇是全球有機(jī)農(nóng)場機(jī)會（WWOOF）。如果你有興趣在農(nóng)場工作，你可以與WWOOF合作，以換取免費(fèi)食宿。）根據(jù)“whilestillgettinganimmersive(沉浸式的)internationalexperience.”（同時(shí)還能獲得身臨其境的國際體驗(yàn)）根據(jù)“Withprogramsaboutculturalimmersion,wildlifeconservationandcommunitydevelopment,highschoolstudentscanlearntobecomeaglobalcitizen.”（通過文化沉浸、野生動物保護(hù)和社區(qū)發(fā)展等項(xiàng)目，高中生可以學(xué)習(xí)成為一名全球公民。）可知，他們可以獲得一些國際體驗(yàn)使志愿者受益。故選C項(xiàng)。(B)Eightscientistswereawardedthe2023FutureSciencePrize,alsocalled“China’sNobelPrize”,thefirstChinesenon-governmentalscienceawardjointlyinitiatedbygroupsofscientistsandentrepreneurs(企業(yè)家).Sincetheestablishmentin2016,atotalof35scientistshavebeenawardedtheFutureSciencePrizesofar.ChaiJijieandZhouJianminreceivedtheFutureSciencePrizeinlifesciencesforthediscoveryofresistosomes(抗原小體)andexplanationsoftheirmolecularstructuresandfunctionsinplantimmuneresponsesagainstpathogens(病原體).Understandingofresistosomefunctionswillleadtobettermethodsforcontrollingplantdiseaseandthereforehaveenormousimportanceforglobalfoodsecurity.Chaisaidthathefeltextremelyhonored,excitedandhappyviaavideocallatthepressconference.Heemphasizedthatthisrecognitionwasnotonlyforhimselfbutalsofortheteam’syearsofhardwork.“MycooperationwithProfessorZhouhaslastedfornearly20years.Ourpartnershiphasbeenproductiveandenjoyable,andIbelieveourcooperationwillcarryon,”hesaid.Duringthevideocall,ZhouremarkedthattheFutureSciencePrizeisgroundedinthenationalcontext.Itishearteningtoseethattheprizeplacesgreateremphasisonsupportingagriculture.ZhaoZhongxianandChenXianhuireceivedtheFutureSciencePrizeinphysicalsciencesfortheirinfluentialbreakthroughsinthediscoveryofhigh-temperaturesuperconductingmaterialsandsystematicadvancementsinelevatingthetransitiontemperature.Notably,bothZhaoandChenconductedsystematicstudiestoshowtheunderlyingphysicalmechanismsofhighTcmaterials,positioningthemselvesattheforefrontofsuperconductorresearchforseveralyears.HeKaiming,SunJian,RenShaoqing,ZhangXiangyureceivedtheFutureSciencePrizeinmathematicsandcomputerscience,fortheirextraordinarycontributionstoartificialintelligencebyintroducingdeepresiduallearning(深度殘差學(xué)習(xí)).The2023FutureSciencePrizeWeekandtheAwardCeremonywereheldinHongKongfromOctober14to17.4.Forwhatweretheeightscientistsawarded?A.Theirnever-endingpursuitofknowledge.B.Theirlong-termpartnershipinresearches.C.Theirremarkablecontributionstoscience.D.Theirintenseeffortstoovercomebarriers.5.WhatcontributestotheirdiscoveryaccordingtoChai?A.Vision. B.Passion. C.Ambition. D.Cooperation.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph5indicate?A.Theirdiscoveryisground-breaking.B.ZhaoandChenhavealongwaytogo.C.Researchiscertaintoberewarded.D.Therealvaluecannotbeoverestimated.7.Whatisthewritingpurposeofthepassage?A.Toappealtomanymorepeopletoinnovate.B.Torevealtherecipefortheirgreatsuccess.C.Toencourageustobecommittedtoscience.D.Tointroducethe2023FutureSciencePrize.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。本文主要介紹了被稱為“中國諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”未來科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，并介紹了榮獲2023年的八名科學(xué)家的成就?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ChaiJijieandZhouJianminreceivedtheFutureSciencePrizeinlifesciencesforthediscoveryofresistosomes(抗原小體)andexplanationsoftheirmolecularstructuresandfunctionsinplantimmuneresponsesagainstpathogens(病原體).Understandingofresistosomefunctionswillleadtobettermethodsforcontrollingplantdiseaseandthereforehaveenormousimportanceforglobalfoodsecurity.（柴繼杰和周建民因發(fā)現(xiàn)抗性小體并解釋其在植物針對病原體的免疫反應(yīng)中的分子結(jié)構(gòu)和功能而獲得生命科學(xué)未來科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。了解抗性體的功能將有助于找到更好的方法來控制植物病害，因此對全球糧食安全具有極其重要的意義。）”第五段“ZhaoZhongxianandChenXianhuireceivedtheFutureSciencePrizeinphysicalsciencesfortheirinfluentialbreakthroughsinthediscoveryofhigh-temperaturesuperconductingmaterialsandsystematicadvancementsinelevatingthetransitiontemperature.（趙忠賢和陳賢惠因在發(fā)現(xiàn)高溫超導(dǎo)材料方面取得的具有影響力的突破以及在提高轉(zhuǎn)變溫度方面的系統(tǒng)性進(jìn)展而獲得物理科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的未來科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。）”以及倒數(shù)第二段“HeKaiming,SunJian,RenShaoqing,ZhangXiangyureceivedtheFutureSciencePrizeinmathematicsandcomputerscience,fortheirextraordinarycontributionstoartificialintelligencebyintroducingdeepresiduallearning(深度殘差學(xué)習(xí)).（何凱明、孫健、任少卿、張翔宇因引入深度殘差學(xué)習(xí)對人工智能的杰出貢獻(xiàn)而榮獲數(shù)學(xué)和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)未來科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)）”可知，八位科學(xué)家因?yàn)樗麄儗茖W(xué)的卓越貢獻(xiàn)獲獎(jiǎng)。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Heemphasizedthatthisrecognitionwasnotonlyforhimselfbutalsofortheteam’syearsofhardwork.‘MycooperationwithProfessorZhouhaslastedfornearly20years.Ourpartnershiphasbeenproductiveandenjoyable,andIbelieveourcooperationwillcarryon,’hesaid.（他強(qiáng)調(diào)，這種認(rèn)可不僅是對自己的認(rèn)可，也是對團(tuán)隊(duì)多年努力的認(rèn)可?！液椭芙淌诘暮献饕呀?jīng)持續(xù)了近20年。我們的合作伙伴關(guān)系富有成效且令人愉快，我相信我們的合作將會繼續(xù)下去?！笨芍?，根據(jù)Chai的說法，合作促成了他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“ZhaoZhongxianandChenXianhuireceivedtheFutureSciencePrizeinphysicalsciencesfortheirinfluentialbreakthroughsinthediscoveryofhigh-temperaturesuperconductingmaterialsandsystematicadvancementsinelevatingthetransitiontemperature.Notably,bothZhaoandChenconductedsystematicstudiestoshowtheunderlyingphysicalmechanismsofhighTcmaterials,positioningthemselvesattheforefrontofsuperconductorresearchforseveralyears.（趙忠賢和陳賢惠因在發(fā)現(xiàn)高溫超導(dǎo)材料方面取得的具有影響力的突破以及在提高轉(zhuǎn)變溫度方面的系統(tǒng)性進(jìn)展而獲得物理科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的未來科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。值得注意的是，趙和陳都進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究，揭示了高溫材料的潛在物理機(jī)制，多年來一直處于超導(dǎo)研究的前沿。）”可知，他們的研究，揭示了高溫材料的潛在物理機(jī)制，是開創(chuàng)性的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Eightscientistswereawardedthe2023FutureSciencePrize,alsocalled“China’sNobelPrize”,thefirstChinesenon-governmentalscienceawardjointlyinitiatedbygroupsofscientistsandentrepreneurs(企業(yè)家).（8名科學(xué)家榮獲被譽(yù)為“中國諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”的2023年未來科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，這是中國首個(gè)由科學(xué)家和企業(yè)家團(tuán)體共同發(fā)起的民間科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)）”以及最后一段“The2023FutureSciencePrizeWeekandtheAwardCeremonywereheldinHongKongfromOctober14to17.（2023年未來科學(xué)頒獎(jiǎng)周暨頒獎(jiǎng)典禮于10月14日至17日在香港舉行。）”可知，本文為了介紹2023年被稱為“中國諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”的未來科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。故選D項(xiàng)。(C)Flashdroughts(突發(fā)性干旱)developfast,andwhentheyhitatthewrongtime,theycanruinaregion’sagriculture.Theyarealsobecomingincreasinglycommonastheplanetwarms.InastudypublishedinthejournalCommunicationEarth&Environment,wefoundthattheriskofflashdroughts,whichcandevelopinafewweeks,isonpacetoriseineverymajoragriculturalregionaroundtheworldinthecomingdecades.InNorthAmericaandEurope,croplandthathada32%annualchanceofaflashdroughtafewyearsagocouldhaveagreaterchanceofaflashdroughtbythefinaldecadesofthiscentury.Thatresultwouldputfoodproduction,energy,andwatersuppliesunderincreasingpressure.Thecostofravagewillalsorise.AflashdroughtintheDakotasandMontanain2017caused$2.6billioninagriculturaldamageinAmericaalone.Alldroughtsbeginwhenrainfallstops.What’sinterestingaboutflashdroughtsishowfasttheyreinforcethemselves,withsomehelpfromthewarmingclimate.Whentheweatherishotanddry,soilloseswaterrapidly.Dryairextractsmoisturefromtheland,andrisingtemperaturecanincreasethisevaporativedemand.Thelackofrainduringaflashdroughtcanfurthercontributetothefeedbackprocesses.Undertheseconditions,cropsandvegetationbegintodiemuchmorequicklythantheydoduringtypicallong-termdroughts.Inourstudy,weusedclimatemodelsanddatafromthepast170yearstoassessthedroughtrisksaheadunderthreeconditionsforhowquicklytheworldtakesactiontoslowthepaceofglobalwarming.Ifgreenhousegasemissions(排放物)fromvehicles,powerplants,andotherhumansourcescontinueatahighrate,wefoundthatcroplandinmuchofNorthAmericaandEuropewouldhavea53%annualchanceofflashdroughts,respectively,bythefinaldecadesofthiscentury.Globally,thelargestprojectedincreasesinflashdroughtswouldbeinEuropeandtheAmazon.Slowingemissionscanreducetherisksignificantly,butwefoundflashdroughtswouldstillincreasebyabout6%worldwideunderlow-emissionconditions.8.Whyistheflashdroughtaconcern?A.Itoftendevelopsandstrikesunexpectedly. B.Itdoesgohandinhandwithrainfall.C.Itcanbedestructivetoregionalagriculture. D.Itschancehasincreaseddramatically.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ravage”meaninparagraph2?A.Control. B.Assessment. C.Production. D.Damage.10.Whichofthefollowingisadirectcontributortoflashdroughts?A.Theconstantrainfall. B.Theincreasingfooddemand.C.Thewarmingplanet. D.Thefastpaceofmodernlife.11.Whatcanbedonetoreducethedroughtrisksaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Tocutdownoncarbonfootprint. B.Toevaluatetherisksregularly.C.Tostudyclimatemodelsanddata. D.Tomonitorweathercondition.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了驟發(fā)性干旱的特點(diǎn)、對農(nóng)業(yè)的影響以及解決措施?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Flashdroughts(突發(fā)性干旱)developfast,andwhentheyhitatthewrongtime,theycanruinaregion’sagriculture.(突發(fā)性干旱發(fā)展迅速，當(dāng)它們在錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)間發(fā)生時(shí)，它們可以摧毀一個(gè)地區(qū)的農(nóng)業(yè))”可知，突發(fā)性干旱是一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的問題是因?yàn)榭赡軐^(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)造成破壞。故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“AflashdroughtintheDakotasandMontanain2017caused$2.6billioninagriculturaldamageinAmericaalone.”可知，2017年，達(dá)科他州和蒙大拿州的一場突如其來的干旱僅在美國就造成了26億美元的農(nóng)業(yè)損失，由此表明驟發(fā)性干旱帶來的破壞的代價(jià)也在上升。故劃線詞意思是“破壞”。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theyarealsobecomingincreasinglycommonastheplanetwarms.(隨著地球變暖，它們也變得越來越普遍)”以及第三段“What’sinterestingaboutflashdroughtsishowfasttheyreinforcethemselves,withsomehelpfromthewarmingclimate.(突發(fā)性干旱的有趣之處在于，在氣候變暖的幫助下，它們會以多么快的速度自我強(qiáng)化)”可知，地球變暖是造成突發(fā)性干旱的直接原因。故選C?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Slowingemissionscanreducetherisksignificantly,butwefoundflashdroughtswouldstillincreasebyabout6%worldwideunderlow-emissionconditions.(減緩排放可以顯著降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在低排放條件下，全球突發(fā)性干旱仍將增加約6%)”可知，減少碳足跡可以減少干旱的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選A。(D)ScientistsattheUniversityofMassachusettshaveinventedanewwaytoproduceelectricity.Theirmethodusessuper-tinyholestomakeelectricityfrommoisture(水分)intheair.Thescientistshopethemethodwillonedayleadtocheap,cleanelectricityanywhereatanytime.Moistureintheairiswhathelpscreateelectricity.Waterdropletsintheaircarryanelectriccharge.Inclouds,thesewaterdropletsbuilduplargecharges,whichwelaterseeaslightning.Oneoftheresearchers,JunYao,describedthenewinventionasa“small-scale,man-madecloud”.Sincethenewdevicegenerateselectricityfromtheair,thescientistscallit“Air-gen”.Currently,thedeviceonlymakesasmallamountofelectricity—enoughtopowerasmallsensor.Butinthelabtests,theAir-gen,whichisalittlebiggerthanafingernail,producedthatelectricityalldayandallnightforaweek,poweredbynothingbuttheair.Thescientistshavetriedtomakeelectricityfromhumidity(濕度)before,butthosemethodsdidn’tworkforlong,orwereexpensivetomake.Butin2020,DrYaoandhisteamfoundawayofgettingelectricityfromhumidityusingspecial“nanowires”madefrombacteria(細(xì)菌).Intime,thatresearchledthescientiststothekeydiscoveryoftheAir-gen:almostanymaterialcancreateelectricityinthiswayaslongasithasnanopores(納米孔)oftherightsize.Thisisimportantbecauseitmeansinthefuture,thedevicescanbemadeverycheaply.TheresearchersarehopefulthattheAir-genwillbecomeanimportantgreenenergysource.ManyscientistsareimpressedwiththeideabehindtheAir-gen.ButsomehavesuggestedthatitmightbehardfortheAir-gentocreateenoughelectricitytoreallymakeadifference—especiallycomparedtopowersourceslikesolarenergy.ButDrYaoandhisteamareworkingonwaystomaketheAir-gentechnologymorepowerful.Becausethedeviceissothin,thescientistsbelievethatmanyAir-genlayers(層)couldbestacked(堆放)ontopofeachothertocreatemoreelectricitywithouttakingupmorespace.12.Whycanmoistureintheairbeusedtoproduceelectricity?A.Itvariesinstate. B.Itcarriescharge.C.Ithastinyholes. D.Ittrapslightning.13.WhatisthecurrentdisadvantageoftheAir-gen?A.Theinsufficientamountofelectricity. B.Thesmallsizeofthedevices.C.Itsinabilitytoworkatlowexpenses. D.Thelackofalternativematerial.14.WhatisDrYaoandhisteam’sattitudetotheAir-gentechnology?A.Uncertain. B.Optimistic. C.Disapproving. D.Critical.15.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?A.WilltheAir-gentakeoffintime? B.CreatingelectricityfromtheairC.Isairgoingtobeamoney-maker? D.Inventinggreendevicesforair【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了科學(xué)家發(fā)明了一種新的方法——利用空氣中的濕氣發(fā)電?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Moistureintheairiswhathelpscreateelectricity.Waterdropletsintheaircarryanelectriccharge.(空氣中的水分有助于發(fā)電?？諝庵械乃螏в须姾?”可知，空氣中的水分可以用來發(fā)電是因?yàn)樗鼣y帶電荷。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“ButsomehavesuggestedthatitmightbehardfortheAir-gentocreateenoughelectricitytoreallymakeadifference—especiallycomparedtopowersourceslikesolarenergy.(但是有些人認(rèn)為，Air-gen可能很難產(chǎn)生足夠的電力來真正發(fā)揮作用，尤其是與太陽能等能源相比)”可知，Air-gen目前的缺點(diǎn)是電量不足。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ManyscientistsareimpressedwiththeideabehindtheAir-gen.ButsomehavesuggestedthatitmightbehardfortheAir-gentocreateenoughelectricitytoreallymakeadifference—especiallycomparedtopowersourceslikesolarenergy.ButDrYaoandhisteamareworkingonwaystomaketheAir-gentechnologymorepowerful.(許多科學(xué)家對Air-gen背后的想法印象深刻。但是有些人認(rèn)為，Air-gen可能很難產(chǎn)生足夠的電力來真正發(fā)揮作用，尤其是與太陽能等能源相比。但是姚博士和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)正在研究使空氣發(fā)電技術(shù)更強(qiáng)大的方法)”可推知，姚博士和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)對Air-gen技術(shù)的態(tài)度是樂觀的。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ScientistsattheUniversityofMassachusettsAmhersthaveinventedanewwaytomakeelectricity.Theirmethodusessuper-tinyholestomakeelectricityfrommoisture(濕氣)intheair.Thescientistshopethemethodwillonedayleadtocheap,cleanelectricityanywhereatanytime.(馬薩諸塞大學(xué)阿姆赫斯特分校的科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了一種新的發(fā)電方法。他們的方法是利用超微小的孔從空氣中的水分中發(fā)電?？茖W(xué)家們希望這種方法有一天能帶來隨時(shí)隨地廉價(jià)、清潔的電力)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹科學(xué)家發(fā)明了一種新的方法，利用空氣中的濕氣發(fā)電。B選項(xiàng)“從空氣中產(chǎn)生電力”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5個(gè)小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Bodylanguage,importantlanguageHaveyouevernoticedthebigdifferencebetweensomeone’sbehaviorandhiswords?Orhaveyoueverfailedtocontrolyourbodyoncertainoccasionsasaresultofnervousness?Todaylet’sdiscusshowessentialbodylanguagecanbeinourdailycommunication.Studieshaverevealedthatintheprocessofcommunication,non-verbalexpressionhas65%to93%moreinfluencethanactualtext.___16___EmilieSuter,aseniorstudentofEHL,believesthatthesignificanceofbodylanguageisreflectedintheabilitytohelppeopleintheprocessofcommunication.___17___Bodylanguageisthebestexplanationofthebehaviorpsychologyofindividualsandgroups.___18___Withoutproperbodylanguage,youmayfindyourselftrappedinacirclewhereyoucannotintegratewiththeexternalenvironment.Therefore,youshouldalwayspayattentiontohowpeoplearoundyouusebodylanguagetoexpresstheiropinions—thisallowsyoutoaccuratelydetermineyournextmove.Fidgeting(坐立不安)maymeanthatthereisalackofinteractionbetweenthetwosidesoftheconversation.___19___LoichBatumba,vicepresidentofthestudentcouncilofEHL,saysthatheclearlyrememberssimilarexperiences:“Atthetimeofmyfirstinterview,myinterviewerandIbarelycommunicatedeye-to-eye,soIcouldclearlyfeelthattherewasalackofinterestbetweenourconversations.”Howtoestablishagoodpersonalimpressionisatopicthatpeoplehaverepeatedlydiscussed.___20___Thishasincreasedtheimportanceofphysicalactionsforus.A.Bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.B.Ofcourse,somebodylanguageisshareduniversally.C.Inrealsituations,bodylanguagemattersalotmorethanyouthink!D.Thismeansthat“howtosay”ismoresignificantthan“whattosay”.E.Turningtootherdirectionscanmeanheorshedoesnotshareyouropinion.F.Ithelpspeoplebetterunderstandtheoverallsituationandthusmakeadjustments.G.Interestingly,whatweseeisactuallythemostimportantstandardforustojudgeothers.【答案】16.D17.F18.C19.E20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了肢體語言的重要性?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Studieshaverevealedthatintheprocessofcommunication,non-verbalexpressionhas65%to93%moreinfluencethanactualtext.(研究表明，在交際過程中，非語言表達(dá)比實(shí)際文本的影響力高出65%~93%)”可知，本句為本段最后一句，總結(jié)上文，指出非語言表達(dá)的重要性。故D選項(xiàng)“這意味著‘怎么說’比‘說什么’更重要”符合語境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“EmilieSuter,aseniorstudentofEHL,believesthatthesignificanceofbodylanguageisreflectedintheabilitytohelppeopleintheprocessofcommunication.(EHL大四學(xué)生EmilieSuter認(rèn)為，肢體語言的意義體現(xiàn)在溝通過程中幫助他人的能力)”可知，本句承接上文，指出肢體語言對于人們溝通的幫助和重要性。故F選項(xiàng)“它有助于人們更好地了解整體情況，從而做出調(diào)整”符合語境，故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Withoutproperbodylanguage,youmayfindyourselftrappedinacirclewhereyoucannotintegratewiththeexternalenvironment.Therefore,youshouldalwayspayattentiontohowpeoplearoundyouusebodylanguagetoexpresstheiropinions—thisallowsyoutoaccuratelydetermineyournextmove.(如果沒有適當(dāng)?shù)闹w語言，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被困在一個(gè)無法融入外部環(huán)境的圈子里。因此，你應(yīng)該經(jīng)常注意你周圍的人是如何使用肢體語言來表達(dá)他們的意見的——這可以讓你準(zhǔn)確地決定你的下一步行動)”可知，本段的主旨是強(qiáng)調(diào)肢體語言在日常生活中的重要性。故C選項(xiàng)“在實(shí)際情況中，肢體語言比你想象的重要得多！”符合語境，故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Fidgeting(坐立不安)maymeanthatthereisalackofinteractionbetweenthetwosidesoftheconversation.(坐立不安可能意味著談話雙方之間缺乏互動)”以及后文“LoichBatumba,vicepresidentofthestudentcouncilofEHL,saysthatheclearlyrememberssimilarexperiences:“Atthetimeofmyfirstinterview,myinterviewerandIbarelycommunicatedeye-to-eye,soIcouldclearlyfeelthattherewasalackofinterestbetweenourconversations.”(EHL的學(xué)生會副主席LoichBatumba說，他清楚地記得類似的經(jīng)歷：“在我第一次面試的時(shí)候，我和面試官幾乎沒有眼神交流，所以我可以明顯感覺到我們之間的談話缺乏興趣?！?”可知，后文的例子表明，沒有眼神交流表明對方對談話缺乏興趣，故E選項(xiàng)“看其他方向可能意味著他或她不同意你的觀點(diǎn)”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Howtoestablishagoodpersonalimpressionisatopicthatpeoplehaverepeatedlydiscussed.(如何建立良好的個(gè)人印象是人們反復(fù)討論的話題)”以及后文“Thishasincreasedtheimportanceofphysicalactionsforus.(這增加了身體活動對我們的重要性)”可知，后文提到了某事增加了身體活動對我們的重要性，故本句主要說明這件事的具體內(nèi)容，結(jié)合上文提到個(gè)人印象，推測本句與對別人的印象有關(guān)，故G選項(xiàng)“有趣的是，我們所看到的實(shí)際上是我們判斷別人最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”符合語境，故選G。第三部分:語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié):完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卷上將該選項(xiàng)標(biāo)號涂黑。YangHaoran,bornintoafamilyofcottonfarmers,spenthischildhoodplayinginthecottonfields.He___21___howhardhisparentshadtoworkusingconventionalfarmingmethods,aswellashowautomationhas___22___productivityandsavedlabor.Havingfinisheduniversity,Yangbecamea___23___farmerhimself.However,unlikehisparents,hisexperiencehasbeenvery___24___;hemanagesover200,000squaremetersofcottonfieldsandalways___25___newwaystoimproveefficiencythroughtechnological___26___.In2018,hesawthegreatbusiness___27___ofusingdrones(無人機(jī))infarmingandestablishedhisowncompany,which___28___13droneoperators,allofwhomarepost-90sworkerslikeYanghimself.“Wearelikeabigfamily,withmembersfromdifferentethnicgroups,”Yangsaid___29___.Inpeakgrowingseason,theymovetheir___30___inaskillfulwayoverthefieldswhileintheoff-season,theytrainlocalfarmersto___31___drones.Todate,Yang’steamhastrainedhundredsoflocalfarmers.“Thiswillenablethemto___32___newtechnologies,allowingthemto___33___theadvancesinmodernagriculture,”hesaid.Yang’s___34___doesnotendthere.Hehasrecentlytakenupaprecision(精準(zhǔn))farmingproject,whichusesdronestocollectdataforspectralanalysis(光譜分析),andtransmitreal-timedataoncropgrowthandsoilmoisturetotheirrigationandfertilizerequipmentforprecision___35___.21.A.recalled B.witnessed C.blamed D.assumed22.A.integrated B.tackled C.generated D.boosted23.A.cotton B.rice C.wheat D.sorghum24.A.visible B.different C.complex D.multiple25.A.transforms B.handles C.seeks D.adjusts26.A.presentation B.extension C.interaction D.innovation27.A.concept B.potential C.theory D.framework28.A.employs B.attains C.entertains D.promotes29.A.firmly B.willingly C.proudly D.gently30.A.machines B.drones C.pumps D.switches31.A.operate B.launch C.display D.update32.A.resi