高三英語(yǔ)第二輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)第15講閱讀理解精講精煉

高三英語(yǔ)第二輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)精講精煉

第15講閱讀理解

理解主旨大意細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷詞義理解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)作者的意圖和態(tài)度

（延邊F）經(jīng)典易錯(cuò)題會(huì)診

（延邊F）命題角度1

（延邊F）理解主旨大意

（延邊F）（一）（典型例題精選AstudyofEnglishlearningproblemswascarried

outa-mongatotalof106foreignstudents.Itshowsthatmoststudents

consideredunderstandingspokenEnglishtobetheirbiggestproblemonarrival.

Thiswasfollowedbyspeaking.Writingincreasedasaproblemasstudents

discovereddiffi-cultiesinwritingpapersthattheywerenowexpectedtohand

in.Readingremainedasasignificant（顯著的）problem.

Theinformationgainedhelpedusindeterminingwherespecialattention

shouldbepaidinourcourse.Althoughmanystudentshavechosentojointhe

coursewithareasona-blemotivation（動(dòng)機(jī)），weconsidereditimportanttonote

whatseemedtoencourageinterest.Nearlyallthestudentshaveexperienced

somekindofgrammar-basedEnglishteach-ingintheirowncountry.Tousethe

samemethodwouldbeself-defeatingbecauseitmightreducemotivation,

especiallyifithasfailedinthepast.Thereforeadifferentmethodmayhelp

becauseitisdifferent.

Varietyofactivitywasalsoseenasawayofmaintaining（保持）or

increasingmotivation.Severalyearsagowehadonetimetablethatoperated

throughout,butwesoonfoundthatbeththestudentsandtheteacherslost

interestbyabouthalf-waythroughthetenweeks.Thisledustoamajorre-

think,sofinallywebroughtitintolinewiththeexpressedlanguageneedsof

thestudents.

1.（延邊F）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Foreignstudentshavemoreproblems.

B.TherearemanywaystoimproveEnglish.

C.Teachingshouldmeetstudents，needs.

D.Englishlearningproblemsshouldbestudiedagain.

2.（延邊F）Writingbecameabiggerproblemwhenforeignstudents.

A.hadtowritetheirpapers

B.becamebetteratspeaking

C.becamelessinterestedinreading

D.hadfewerproblemswithlistening

3.（延邊F）Wemayinferfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat.

A.differentteachingmethodsshouldbeused

B.grammar-basedteachingseemstobeencouraging

C.Englishcoursesarenecessaryforforeignstudents

D.teacingcontentshouldbechangedhalfway

（延邊F）［考場(chǎng)錯(cuò)解］2.B3.D

（延邊F）［專家把脈］本文闡述了對(duì)106名外國(guó)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中所出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的研

究結(jié)果。

1.（延邊F）主旨大意題，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，c符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題，從第一段中Writingincreasedasa

problemasstudentsdiscovereddifficultiesinwritingpapersthattheywerenow

expectedtohandin.可知答案選A。

3.（延邊F）推理判斷題，c項(xiàng)文中沒有涉及，B、D兩項(xiàng)為文中細(xì)節(jié)而非推理，故本題選

Ao

（延邊F）［對(duì)癥下藥］1.c2.A3.A

（延邊F）（二）（典型例題精選

Animalscanmovefromplacetoplace,butplantscan-not.Whenananimal

isunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,

andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbeth

physicalandchemicalmeans.

Someplantshavetheirownwaystokeepanimalsaway.Forexample,the

leavesofthehollyplanthavesharpspines（剌）thatdiscouragegrass-eating

animals.Hollyleavesonlowerbrancheshavemorespinesthanleavesonupper

branches.Thisisbecausethelowerleavesareeasierformostanimalstoreach.

Someplants,suchastheoaktree,havethickandhardleavesthatare

difficultforanimalstoeat.Somegrassesmaycontainasandymaterial;eating

suchgrasseswearsdowntheanimaVsteeth.

Manyplantsalsohavechemicaldefenses.Someplantspro-ducechemicals

thattastebitterorcauseanunpleasantreaction.Someplantswayfightagainst

anattackbyincreasingtheproduc-tionofthesechemicals.Whenacaterpillar

（一毛蟲）bitesatobac-coleaf,theleafproducesachemicalmessenger.This

messengersendstotherootstheinformationtoproducemorenicotine.The

higherlevelsofnicotinediscouragethecaterpillar.

Manyplantsdependonbethphysicalandchemicalde-fenses.Acertain

plantinChina,forinstance,hasprickly（多剌的）leaves,andeachprickle

containspoisonousven-om（毒液）.Asingleexperiencewiththiskindofplant

willteachananimaltostayawayfromitinthefuture.

1.（延邊F）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.PlantsandAnimals

B.HowPlantsDefendThemselves

C.AttacksandDefensesD.HowAnimalsEatPlantLeaves

（延邊F）［考場(chǎng)錯(cuò)解］A

（延邊F）［專家把脈］本題為歸納主旨大意題。全文重點(diǎn)說(shuō)明了植物的自我保護(hù)方法。

A項(xiàng)為“植物和動(dòng)物”；B項(xiàng)為“植物怎樣保護(hù)自己”；C項(xiàng)為“進(jìn)攻和防衛(wèi)”；D項(xiàng)為“動(dòng)

物怎樣吃植物的葉子”。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

（延邊F）［對(duì)癥下藥］B

（延邊F）專家會(huì)診

此類試題要求考生掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)文章進(jìn)

行高度概括和總結(jié)。做好這類試題要求考生注意以下幾個(gè)方面：

1.（延邊F）注意文章的大小標(biāo)題，標(biāo)題一般都是文章的中心。

2.（延邊F）尋找主題句，從而抓住文章的中心思想。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，每個(gè)段落都有一個(gè)中心

思想，尤其是議論文和說(shuō)明文更為典型。文章的主題句往往出現(xiàn)在段落的首句，但也有在段

中或段末的。

3.（延邊F）如果文章段落較多，其中心往往在首段或末段。

4.（延邊F）試題中常見的標(biāo)志性句子：Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassage

is...Thetopicofthepassagemaybe...Thepassageismainlyabout...The

centralideaoftheparagraphisthat...Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage7

Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainidea'?.

（延邊F）考場(chǎng)思維訓(xùn)練

（延邊F）（一）（典型例題精選

ThesceneintheHollywoodmovieTheDayAfterTomor-row,whereglobal

warmingcouldsoonturntheglobalclimate（氣候）intoanewiceage,maynever

occur,accordingtonewresearch.

Thenexticeagecouldbe15,000yearsaway,sayEuro-peanscientistswho

lastmonthannouncedacontinuousrecordof740,000yearsofclimatedata（數(shù)

據(jù)）obtainedfromtheAntarcticice.

Scientistsfrom10nationshavenowalmostcompletelydrilledthrougha

3,000-meter,depthoficehighintheAnt-arcticmainland.Theyfigureout

thattheareawheresummertemperaturescanfallto-40℃,hasatleast900,000

yearsofsnowfalls,keptasneatlyasthegrowthringsofatree.Andtheice

andaircaughtineachlayer（層）havebeguntoan-swerquestionsaboutthe

climatesinthepast.

Theresultsshowthattherehavebeeneighticeagesinthepast740,000

yearsandeightwarmerperiods.Andbycomparingthepatternofglobal

conditionstodaywiththoseofthepast,theresearchersreportedinNaturethat

thepresentwarmperiodcouldlastanother15,000years.

Researchsuggeststhatthereisaverycloseconnectionbetweengreenhouse

gaslevelsandglobalaveragetempera-tures.Italsoshowsthatcarbondioxide

（二氧化碳）levelsarethehighestforatleast440,000years.

〃Ifpeoplesaytoyou:thegreenhouseeffectisagoodthingbecausewe

wouldgointoaniceageotherwise,ourdatasayno,anewiceageisnot

hangingoverourheads,〃saidEricWolfffromtheBritishAntarcticSurvey.〃Now

wehaveeightexamplesofhowtheclimategoesinandoutoficeages..,andyou

canlearnwhattherulesarethatgointotheclimatemodelsthattellusabout

thefuture.〃

Scientistsfoundthatwhenevertemperaturesroseinthefrozenrecord,so

didcarbondioxidelevel.〃In440,000yearswehaveneverseengreenhousegas

getasthickasitistoday,〃saidDrWolff.

1（延邊F）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ResearchovertheAntarcticarea.

B.Warmperiodtolastabout15,000years.

C.Reportontheeighticeagesinthepast.

D.Hollywoodmoviesandtheglobalclimate.

1.B解析：這是一道主旨題。第二段"Thenexticeagecoulebe15,000years

away”是科學(xué)家最新研究的成果，說(shuō)明地球?qū)?huì)在15,000年內(nèi)處于暖和的時(shí)期。

（延邊F）（-）（典型例題精選

Haveyoueverreceivedagiftthatwassoclearlynotyourtastethatyou

wonderedifperhapsithadbeenhandedtoyoubymistake?Worse,haveyouever

givenapresentandwatchedyourfriendlookasthoughshehadopenedthewrong

box?Maybesherespondedwithapolite"Why,thankyou,〃butyouknewyouhad

missedthemark.Whydopresentssometimesgowrong?Andwhatdoyourchoices

（goodandbad）reflectaboutyourpersonalqualities?

Choosingtherightgiftisanart,Ibelieve.Itcallsforem-pathyothe

abilitytoputyourselfintosomeoneelse'sheadandheart.We'reallableto

dothis;infact,we'rebornwithakindofnaturalempathy.Aftertheearliest

periodofchildhood,however,itneedstobereinforeed（力口強(qiáng)）byourparents,

teach-ers,friends.Whenitisn't,we'renotabletounderstandother

people,sfeelingsassharply.Thiscanshowinthegiftswese-lect,andsocan

manyotheremotional（情感的）qualities.

Thinkbacktothepresentsyou'vegivenoverthepastyear,thetimeand

effortyouputintoyourselection,howmuchyouspent,yourthoughtswhileyou

wereshopping,andyourfeelingswhenthereceiveropenedthepackage.Keepin

mindthatwhatyouchoosedisplaysyourinnerworld.Ofcourse,youmayexpress

yourselfdifferentlywithdifferentfriends,relatives,andotherpeopleyou

know.

Weliveinasocietywhereexchangingpresentsisanim-portantpartof

communication.Ignoringthetraditionwon，tmakeitgoaway.Ifyoureally

dislikesuchatradition,tellyourfriendsaheadoftime.

1（延邊F）Theunderlinedexpression〃youhadmissedthemark"means〃you

hadfailedto〃.

A.makeherfeelbetter

B.keepyourfriendship

C.receiveapresentinreturn

D.gettheexpectedeffect

2（延邊F）Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

A.Naturalempathyneedstobereinforced.

B.Emotionalchangesinfluenceoneschoiceofgifts.

C.Selectingtherightgiftisanabilitypeoplearebornwith.

D.Choosinggiftsrequiresonetounderstandthereceivers.

3（延邊F）Inthethirdparagraph,theauthortellsusthat.

A.attentionshouldbepaidtothereceivers，responses

B.onelearnsfromwhathedidinthepast

C.thechoiceofgiftsreflectsone'semotionalqualities

D.oneshouldspendmoretimechoosinggifts

4（延邊F）Thebestpossibletideforthispassageis〃”.

A.WaysofChoosingGifts

B.AnImportantTradition

C.ExchangingPresents

D.MessageinaGift

1.D解析：句子理解題。第一段說(shuō)明你送了對(duì)方不喜歡的禮物，本句意為你沒能達(dá)到送

禮物的預(yù)期效果。

2.D解析：主旨大意題。由第二段主題句Choosingtherightgiftisanan,I

believe.Itcallsforempathy-theabilitytoputyourselfintosomeoneelse's

headandheart.可知本題選D。

3.c解析：主旨大意題。概括第三段大意知。4.D解析：主旨大意題。由文中各段主

題意思，可概括出本文題目為D。

（延邊F）命題角度2

（延邊F）細(xì)節(jié)理解

（延邊F）（一）（典型例題精選Whenastormiscoming,mostpeopleleavethearea

asquicklyaspossibleandheadforsafety.Butthereareafewpeoplewhowill

getintotheircarsandgostraightforthecen-terofthestorm.Thesepeople

arewillingtorisk（冒...危險(xiǎn)）beingkilledbyfloodsor100-kilometer-an-hour

windsfortheexcitementofwatchingthestormcloseup.

，zStormchasing（追逐）〃isbecominganincreasinglypopu-larhobby（喜好），

especiallyintheMidwestoftheUnitedStates,wheretherearefrequentstorms

betweenMarchandJu-ly.AstormchaserbeginsthedaybycheckingtheInternet

forthelatestweatherreports,andthendrivesupto1,000kilome-tersto

wherethestormwillbeandwaitsforittodevelop.

Althoughanyonecandoit,stormchasingisextremelydangerous.Thepower

ofabigstormcanthrowacowintotheairordestroyawholehouseinseconds.

Stormchasersareal-sooftenhurtinaccidentscausedbydrivinginaheavy

rain.Ifyouareabeginner,itismuchsafertojoinagroupforstorm-chasing

vacationsduringthestormseason.

Eventhen,stormchasingisnotalladventureandexcite-ment.，zStorm

chasingis95%driving,/zsaysDanielLynch,whospendsmostofhissummerstorm-

chasing.“Sometimesyoucansitaroundforhourswaitingforsomethingtohappen,

andallyougetisblueskyandafewlightshowers.〃

However,forstormchasers,itisallworthit."Whenyougetclosetoa

storm,itisthemostexcitingsightyouwilleverseeinyourlife,〃says

JasperMorley."Everystormisanexam-pieofthepowerofnature.Itisthe

greatestshowonEarth.〃

1.（延邊F）Forstormchasing,thefirstthingstormchasersdois

to.

A.headstraightforthecenterofthestorm

B.getintothecarforsafety

C.waitpatiendyforthestormtodevelop

D.collectinformationaboutacomingstorm

2.（延邊F）Beginnersofstormchasingareadvised.

A.nottodriveinaheavyrain

B.todoitinanorganizedway

C.nottogettooclosetoastorm

D.tospendmoretimeonitinsummer

3.（延邊F）Bysaying〃itisallworthit〃inthelastparagraph,theauthor

meansthat

A.stormchasingcostsalotofmoney

B.stormchasingisworthhoursofwaiting

C.effortsinstormchasingarewellpaid

D.astormpresentsthegreatestshowonEarth

4.（延邊F）Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Sometimesstormchasersgetnothingbutdisappointment.

B.Manystormchasersgetkilledinthestorms.

C.Stormchasingisbecomingpopulararoundtheworld.

D.Stormchasingisonlyfitforyoungpeople.

（延邊F）［考場(chǎng)解錯(cuò)］1.B2.c3.D4.B

（延邊F）［專家把脈］1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第二段“Astormchaserbeginstheday

bycheckingtheInternetforthelatestweatherreports.”可知答案為D。

2.（延邊F）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第三段最后一句話Hyouareabeglnner,itIsmuch

safertojoinagroupforstorm-chasingVacationsduringthestormseason.可知

選Bo

3.（延邊F）句子理解題，最后一段說(shuō)，暴風(fēng)雨是你一生中所見過(guò)的最激動(dòng)人心的景象，

是地球上自然力量最偉大的表現(xiàn)形式。由此可知此題選C。

4.（延邊F）推理判斷題，B、C兩項(xiàng)為文中細(xì)節(jié)不是推理，D項(xiàng)文中沒有提及，通讀全文

可推知本題選A。

（延邊F）［對(duì)癥下藥］1.D2.B3.c4.A

（延邊F）（二）（典型例題精選

Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-

designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandprevent

awkward（另扭的）handposi-tions.Theywillallowtheworkertokeepthe

elbows（）td）nexttothebodytopreventdamagetotheshoulderandarm.

Overuseinjuriescanthereforebepreventedorreducediftheemployer

provides,andworkersuse:powertoolsratherthanhavingtousemuscle（肌肉）

powertoolswithspeciallydesignedhandlesthatallowthewrist（手腕）tokeep

straight（SeeFigure1）.Thismeansthathandsandwristsarekeptinthesame

positionastheywouldbeiftheywerehangingrelaxedataperson，s

side

toolswithhandlesthatcanbeheldcomfortablybythewholehand.Thismeans

havingaselectionofsizesrememberthattoolsthatprovideacomfortable

frmholdforapersonwithaverylargehandmaybeawk-wardforsomeonewitha

verysmallhand.Thisisaparticularlyimportantconsiderationforwomenwho

mayusetoolsoriginallydesignedformen.toolsthatdonotpressfingers（or

flesh）betweenthehandles,andwhosehandlesdonothavesharpedgesorasmall

surfacearea.

1.（延邊F）Whichofthefollowingdescribesawelldesignedtool?

A.It'skeptclosetothebody.

B.Itfullyusesmusclepower.

C.Itmakesusersfeelrelaxed.

D.It，soperatedwithlessforce.

（延邊F）［考場(chǎng)錯(cuò)解］C

（延邊F）［專家把脈］從文中“Powertoolsratherthanhavingtousemuscle

power.??一句中可知D項(xiàng)符合好工具的要求。

（延邊F）［對(duì)癥下藥］D

2.（延邊F）WhatisFigure1usedtoshow?

A.Theeffectiveuseofthetool.

B.Thewayofoperatingthetool.

C.Theproperdesignofthehandle.

D.Thepurposeofbendingthewrist

（延邊F）［考場(chǎng)錯(cuò)解］D

（延邊F）［專家把脈］從文中“ToolswithspeciMlydesignedhan-dlesthatMlowthe

wristtokeepstrmght（SeeFigure1）.”可知Figure1是用來(lái)展現(xiàn)對(duì)該句的描述。而下

文又有較詳細(xì)的闡述。故C項(xiàng)符合題目要求。

（延邊F）［對(duì)癥下藥］C

3.（延邊F）Inchoosingtoolsforwomen,ofthehandleisthemost

important.

A.thesizeB.theedge

C.theshapeD.theposition

（延邊F）［考場(chǎng)錯(cuò)解］D

（延邊F）［專家把脈］從文中倒數(shù)第二段可知，工具的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)考慮使用者手的大小。故

A為正確答案。

（延邊F）［對(duì)癥下藥］A

（延邊F）專家會(huì)診

細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章某一段落中某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的重要事實(shí)的理解能

力。此類試題一般包括兩類，一是從原文中直接找出答案，一類是需要將題目信息與原文相

關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換后找出答案。做題時(shí)應(yīng)注意：

1.（延邊F）首先理解好題于，帶著問(wèn)題快速閱讀短文，同時(shí)用筆標(biāo)畫有用信息；

2.（延邊F）注意尋找特定信息，如：時(shí)間、數(shù)字、專有名詞等；

3.（延邊F）如果要查找的信息量較大，可適當(dāng)標(biāo)記字母或號(hào)碼；

4.（延邊F）試題中常見的標(biāo)志性句子：Whichofthefonowingdescribe...Which

ofthefonowingstatementistme/false?Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?

Thefollowingson.noesarecorrectexcept..。Whatis（not）mentionedinthe

passage?

（延邊F）考場(chǎng)思維訓(xùn)練

（延邊F）（一）（典型例題精選）

“Soon,you'regoingtohavetomoveout!〃criedmyneighboruponseeing

thelargesttomatoplantknowntoman-kind,oratleastknowninmy

neighborhood.

Onetiny9-inchplant,boughtfor$1.25inthespring,hasalready

takenovermuchofmyrosebed,cover-ingmuchofotherplants,andiswellon

itswaytothefrontdoor.

Rosesrequireagooddealofcare,andifitweren'tforthepleasurethey

give,itwouldn，tbeworththework.Asitis,Ihaveagardenfullofsweet-

smellingrosesformostoftheyear.Bushesmustbepruned（剪枝）inearly

spring,leavinguglywoodybranchesuntilthenewgrowthappearsafewweeks

later.Itwasthespaceavailable（可用的）inthegardenthatledmeinto

plantingjustonelittletomatoplant.Abigmistake.

Soilconditionsmadejustperfectforrosesturnoutbeevenmoreperfect

fortomatoes.Thedailywateringcoupledwithfullsunandregular

fertilizing（施月巴）haveturnedthelittleplantintoatallbush.ThecageI

placedarounditastheplantgrewhaslongsincedisappearedunderthethick

leaves.

NowthetaskIfaceinharvestingthefruitistwofold:First,Ihaveto

findtheredonesamongtheleaves,whichmeansIalmosthavetostandonmy

head,andoncefoundIhavetoreachdownandunder,pickthetomatoesandwith-

draw（縮回）myfullfistwithoutdroppingtheprizesodearlywon.Ifoundtwo

full-blownwhiterosescompletelyhiddenasIpickedtomatoesinJune,but

theywereweakandtheleavesalreadyyellowforlackoflight.

HereIamfacedwithapainfulsmalldecision:Totearupawonderfuland

productivetomatoplantthatoffersupbetweentenandtwentyripesweet

tomatoeseachdayorsaygoodbyetoseveralexpensiveandtreasuredroses.Like

ScarlettinGoneWiththeWind,I'IIthinkaboutthattomor-row.

1（延邊F）Whataretherequirementsforthehealthygrowthofrose?

A.Alotofcareandtherightsoil.

B.Frequentpruningandfertilizing.

C.Tomatoplantsgrownalongside.

D.Cagesplacedaroundtheroots.

2.（延邊F）Thewriterplantedthetomatobecause.

A.itcostonly$1.25

B.thesoilwasjustrightforit

C.therewasroomforitinthegarden

D.theroses，branchesneededtobecovered

3（延邊F）Thisyearthewriter'sroseswere.

A.removedfromtherosebed

B.pickedalongwiththetomatoes

C.mostlydamagedbytoomuchsunlight

D.largelyhiddenunderthetomatoplant

1.A解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Rosesrequiresgooddealofcare,

andifitweren，tforthepleasuretheygive,itwouldn5tbeworththework.〃

和第四段〃Soilconditionsmadejustperfectforrosesturnouttobeevenmore

perfectfortoma-toes.”可判斷出對(duì)玫瑰花仔細(xì)的呵護(hù)和好的土壤才能使它們生長(zhǎng)良

好。

2.C解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段"hwasthespaceavaila—bleinthe

gardenthatledmeintoplantingjustonelittletomatoplant.”說(shuō)明作者種西紅

柿的原因是花園里有可利用的空地。

3.D解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。倒數(shù)第二段"Ifoundtwofull-blownwhiteroses

completelyhiddenasIpickedtomatoesinJune,buttheywereweakandthe

leavesalreadyyellowforlackoflight.”表示玫瑰花大多被西紅柿的葉子遮蓋。

（延邊F）（二）（典型例題精選Asskiesarefilledwithmillionsofmigrating

（遷徙）birds,Europeanscientistssaytheseasonalwonderappearstobe

strange:Thefatterthebird,thebetteritflies.

Theresultsoftheirstudyledtoatheoryoppositetoacentraloneof

aerodynamics（空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)）,whichsaysthat

thepowerneededtoflyincreaseswithweight.

Forbirds,obviously,thecostofflyingwithheavyfatismuchsmaller

thanweusedtothink.Researchersfoundthatredknotwadingbirdsdoubletheir

normalbodyweightof100gramsbeforemakingtheirtwice-a-yearnonstopflight

betweentheBritishIslesandtheRussianArctic.Distance:5,000kilometers.

AnotherstudyinthemagazineNaturemeasuredthead-vantageofflyingin

anaerodynamicgroupwhichallowsbirdstosaveenergybyflyingsmoothlyand

quietlyintheleadbird，sairstream.

Flyingingroups,theirheartrateswere14.5percentlowerthanflying

alone,accordingtoHenri,aFrenchscien-tist.Thefindingshelpexplainhow

birdscompletedifficultmigrations.Researchershadthoughtthatthinner,

strongerbirdswouldhavethebestchancetosurvive.

Thefirststudysuggeststhatbuildingupfattobeburntasfuelduring

themigrationisworthmorethantheenergyittakestocarrytheadditional

weight.

Inthestudy,researcherssaidtheirteamstudiedthebirdsflownat

differentbodyweightsduring28simulated（模擬的）flights.Theyforceda

smallamountofspecialwaterin-tothebirds，bodiessothattheycould

measuretheamountofenergyburntduringtheflight.

1（延邊F）Aredknotwadingbirdof100gramswillprobablyweigh

beforemakingitsnonstopmigratingflight.

A.50gramsB.100grams

C.150gramsD.200grams

2（延邊F）Duringtheirmigratingflight,redknotwadingbirdscansaveenergy

byflying.

A.separatelyB.alone

C.ingroupsD.inpairs

3（延邊F）Aredknotwadingbirdhasabetterchancetosurvive

duringitsmigratingflight.

A.strongerB.weaker

C.thinnerD.fatter

4（延邊F）Thebesttitleforthispassagemayprobablybe.

A.BirdsThinDownForJourney

B.BirdsFattenUpForJourney

C.HowBirdsBuildUpFatForJourney

D.HowBirdsBurnEnergyForJourney

1.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段...redknotwadingbirdsdoubletheirnormal

bodyweightof100gramsbeforemakingtheirtwice-a-yearnonstopflightbetween

theBritishIsles...可知本題選D。

2.c解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段知本題應(yīng)選c。

3.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段thefatterthebird,thebetteritflies可知

本題答案為D。4.B解析：主旨大意題。由各段主題句推知文章題目應(yīng)選B。

（延邊F）命題角度3

（延邊F）推理判斷

（延邊F）（一）（典型例題精選Shortandshy,BenSaunderswasthelastkidinhis

classpickedforanysportsteam."Football,tennisCricket-anythingwitha

roundball,Iwasuseless,〃hesaysnowwithalaugh.Butbackthenhewasthe

objectofjokesinschool

gymclassesinEngland，sruralDevonshire.

Itwasamountainbikehereceivedforhis15thbirthdaythatchangedhim.

Atfirsttheteenwentbikingaloneina

nearbyforest.Thenhebegantocyclealongwitharunnerfriend.Gradually,

Saunderssethismindbuildinguphisbody,increasinghisspeed,strengthand

endurance.Atage18,heranhisfirstmarathon.

Thefollowingyear,hemetJohnRidgway,whobecamefamousinthe1960sfor

rowinganopenboatacrosstheAtlan-ticOcean.Saunderswashiredasan

instructoratRidgway'sschoolofAdventureinScotland,wherehelearnedabout

theolderman'scold-waterexploits（成就）.Intrigued,Saundersreadallhecould

aboutArcticexplorersandNorthPeopleex-peditions,thendecidedthatthis

wouldbehisfuture.

JourneystothePeoplearen5ttheusualholidaysforBritishcountryboys,

andmanypeopledismissedhisdreamasfantasy.