2023年考研外語預(yù)測試卷14

考研外語預(yù)測試卷14

一、UseofEnglish

1>Thereisvirtuallynolimittohowonecanservecommunity

interests,fromspendingafewhoursaweekwithsomecharitable

organizationtopracticallyfull-timeworkforasocialagency.

Justasthereareopportunitiesforvoluntaryservice[1](VSO)

foryoungpeoplebeforetheytakeupfull-timeemployment,

[2]thereareopportunitiesforoverseasservicefor[3]

techniciansindevelopingcountries.Somepeople,[4]thosewho

retireearly,[5]theirtechnicalandbusinessskillsin

countries[6]thereisaspecialneed.

Soinconsideringvoluntaryor[7]communityservice,thereare

moreopportunitiesthanthere[8]werewhenonefirstbeganwcrk.

Mostvoluntaryorganizationshaveonlyasmallfull-time[9]

anddependverymuchonvolunteersandpart-timers.Thismeans

thatworkingrelationshipsaredifferentfromthosein

commercialorganizations,andvaluesmaybedifferent.[10]

somewaystheymayseemmorecasualandlessefficient,butone

shouldnot[11]thembycommercialcriteria.Thepeoplewhowork

withthemdosofordifferentreasonsandwithdifferent[12],

bothpersonaland[13].Oneshouldnotjointhem[14]toarm

themwithprofessionalexperience;theymustbejoinedwith

commitmenttothe[15],notbusinessefficiency.Because

salariesare[16]ornon-existentmanyvoluntarybodiesoffer

modestexpense.Butmanyretiredpeopletakepartincommunity

servicefor[17],simplybecausetheyenjoythework.

Manycommunityactivitiespossible[18]retirementwerealso

possibleduringone'sworkinglifebuttheyaretobeundertaken

[19]seriouslyforthat.Retiredpeoplewhoarejustlooking

forsomethingdifferentorunusualtodoshouldnotconsider

[20]communityservice.

(1)

A.oversea

B.oversea

C.overseas

D.overseas

2、(2)

A.as

B.so

C.then

D.that

A.quantity

B.qualifying

C.quality

D.qualified

4、(4)

A.partially

B.partly

C.particularly

D.passionately

5、(5)

A.order

B.operate

C.offer

D.occupy

6、(6)

A.which

B.where

C.as

D.that

7、⑺

A.paying

B.paid

C.tobepaid

D.pay

8、(8)

A.before

B.lately

C.never

D.ever

9、(9)

A.team

B.number

C.staff

D.crowd

10、(10)

A.In

B.By

C.With

D.Through

11、(11)

A.lookat

B.comment

C.enjoy

D.judge

12、(12)

A.subjective

B.subject

C.objectives

D.objects

13、(13)

A.organization

B.organizational

C.organized

D.organizing

14、(14)

A.expecting

B.toexpect

C.beingexpected

D.expected

15、(15)

A.course

B.cause

C.case

D.caution

16、(16)

A.lime

B.small

C.large

D.big

17、(17)

A.free

B.freedom

C.money

D.something

18、(18)

A.before

B.on

C.in

D.at

19、(19)

A.much

B.verymuch

C.nomore

D.noless

20、(20)

A.tobetaken

B.totake

C.taking

D.beingtaken

二、ReadingComprehension

1>PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Thebiggestdemonstrationinagenerationisbeingassembled

bymobilizingthepoweroftheweb,whichallowsanti-wargroups

torallymultitudesattheclickofamouse.Cornishspeakers

forpeacecanshareideasbye-mailwithRhodesScholarsAgainst

theWarwhiletakingintoaccountthesensitivitiesoftheYeung

MuslimSisters.Footsoreban-the-bombveteranssuchasTony

MyersoftheCampaignforNuclearDisarmament,busilypreparing

yesterdayforthemassprotest,cancnlymarvelatthepewer

ofthenet.

〃It'smadeamassivedifference,z，hesaid."Backinthe1980s

whenweweretryingtoorganizehugedemositwasallaboutgeing

tomeetingsandsendingmailtoregionalpeople.Iwasa

volunteerbeforethe1983demonstrationwhichattracted

400,000marchers.Theofficewasjustawashwithpeople

printingthingsonoldduplicators.Peopletodayfeelmorelike

theyarepartofabigmovement.Inthe1980s,wewouldread

aboutdemosallovertheworldafewdayslaterinthenewspapers.

Nowyouknowallthedetailsinadvanceifyouareonthee-mail

list.TheStoptheWarCoalitionneedsonlyahandfulof

headquartersstaffbecausethewebsiteisavirtualcampaign

groupinitself,completewithbriefings,news,addressesand

artwork.

Children，ssuperiormasteryoftheinternetisreflectedinthe

proliferationofyouthgroupsopposingwar.TheWoodcraftFolk

(asortofpacifistversionoftheScouts)announcethatthey

willbebringinganorangeparachuteonthemarch.The

Engels-MarxCommunistParty(slogan"ResistandRevolt")isa

groupofpupilsataLeicestercomprehensiveschoolopposing

thewar.TheentirecountryiscoveredfromtheAberdeen

StudentsAgainstWarSocietytoTorbayStoptheWargroup.

Anti-warcampaignersputleaflets,maps,postersandpetitions

ontheirwebsitesforsupporterstoprint,stickintheirwindow

orhandoutatthemarch.StoptheWarCoalitionincludesa

direct-debitform,whichsupporterscandownloadandsendto

theirbankmanagertomakedonations.

Messageboardsarefilledwithanti-warprotestersarguing

theircase.TheissueisbeingexploitedbytheBritishNational

Party,whichhaspostedaself-servingpressrelease

proclaimingsupportforthemarchbecauseoftheirconcerns

over"thepoweroftheIsraelilobby”.Anti-warindividuals

havebeene-mailingfriendswithsongsforthemarch,oneto

thetuneofIfYou'reHappyandYouKnowIt.Theinternetwas

createdinthe1960spartlybytheAdvancedResearchProject

AgencyoftheUSDepartmentofDefense.Itiswidelysaidto

havebeencreatedinordertosendmilitarymessagesafteran

atomicwar.

Theexampleinthefirstparagraphisusedtoshowthe

demonstrators.

A.sharethesimilargoalswithoneanother

B.needtocompromisewithoneanother

C.cannotreallyco-operateduetogeographicisolations

D.getintouchwithoneothereasilyoninternet

2、

Wecanknowfromthepassagethatinthe1980s,.

A.itwasimpossibletoorganizeanydemonstrationoflarge

scaleatall

B.peopleatthattimedidnotfeelrhattheywereapartof

anybigmovement

C.allthepeopleinvolvedintheorganizingworkwere

volunteers

D.reportsaboutdemonstrationscanonlybereadseveraldays

after

3、

Whatisthemainideaofparagraph3?

A.Anti-warmovementsbringaboutnegativeinfluenceto

children.

B.Childrenshouldbeforbiddenfromparticipatingin

anti-warmovements.

C.Childrenarealsoimportantparticipants,ininternet

anti-warmovements.

D.Childrencanimprovetheircomputerliteracyinanti-war

movements.

4、

Intheauthor，sopinion,theBritishNationalParty.

A.alwayssupportsanti-warmovementsofanykind

B.concernsabouttheinterestsofIsraeligroups

C.caresaboutitsowninterestswhensupportingthemarch

D.hasdonealotofresearchinthefiledofinternetanti-war

movomont

5、

Whichoneofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ProtestersUseIntenetasWeapontoStopaWar

B.CivilWarontheIntenet

C.InternetPreventsAnti-WarMovement

D.ACallforIntenetWaragainstTerrorism

6、AmandatorytraceabilitysystemintheUnitedStateswould

helpimprovethesafetyoffood,suchasproduce,ahealth

officialtoldlawmakersonWednesday,andthreeweeksafterthe

governmentdeclaredanendtotheworstfoodborneoutbreakin

adecade.Inthepast,someproducefirms,includingmanyin

thetomatoindustry,usevoluntarytraceabilityprogramsbut

theirapproachesvary.

Lamakerssaidamandatoryprogramwasoverdue,andwouldhelp

U.S.regulatorsimprovesafetyandrestoreconsumerconfidence

infoodfollowingaseriesoffoodborneoutbreakssince2022.

“Itisthesystemthatisbroken,，zsaidRep.RosaDeLauro,chair

oftheHouseAppropriationssubcommitteeonagriculture."You

stilldonothavemandatorytraceability,mandatory

performancestandards.Youarelookingforaneedleina

haystack.z，Regulatorsstruggledtopinpointthesourceofan

outbreakofSalmonellaSt.Paulearlierthisyearthatsickened

morethan1,400peopleandput286inthehospital.They

initiallyfocusedontomatoesbeforeshiftingtheirattention

topeppers.Theslowpaceoftheinvestigation,whichlater

tracedtheSalmonellastraintojalapenoandserranopeppers

fromMexico,hasrenewedcallsforgreatermonitoringoffresh

fruitsandvegetablesandanationalsystemtotrackproduce.

TheBioterrorismActof2022requiresproduceprocessorsand

distributorstokeeptrackofwherefoodgoesandwhereitcame

from.Thisdoesnotincluderestaurantsandfarms.〃Wearegoing

clownaroadofexaminingwhatisgoingtowork,〃saidDavid

Acheson,theFoodandDrugAdministration，sassociate

commissionerforfoodprotection.Hetoldthesubcommitteea

mandatoryprogram，zwouldhaveanimpact.，zAchesonsaidFDAdoes

notbelieveithasexplicitauthoritytomandateatracking

system.

TheSalmonellaoutbreakwasthelatesthealthscaresince2022.

Theincidents,involvinglettuce,peanutbutter,potpiesand

spinach,haveresultedindozensofhearingsandproposals

seekingtougherU.S.safetystandards.Thelatestproposal,

whichDeLauroplanstointroducenextweek,wouldcreatea

separatesafetyagencywithintheDepartmentofHealthand

HumanServicestohandleal1foodsafetyissuescurrently

administeredbyFDAInabriefingonfoodissues,theGrocery

ManufacturersAssociation,whichincludesleadingcompanies

suchasGeneralMillsIncandConAgraFoodsInc,expresseddoubt

thatfoodsafetylegislationwouldbepassedthisyear.

Prospectsdimfurthernextyearwithanewadministration

pursuingitsownagendaandcongressdealingwithotherissues

includinghealthcareandtransportation."Thismaybeouronly

windowforsomeperiodoftimetoactuallyenacttheseimportant

reforms,z/saidScottFaber,avicepresidentattheGrocery

Manufacturers.Anestimated76millionpeopleintheUnited

Statesgetsickeveryyearwithfoodborneillnessand5,000die,

accordingtotheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControland

Prevention.

Theword"mandatory〃mostprobablymeans.

A.compulsory

B.voluntary

C.recommendable

D.improved

7、

Whatdothelawmakersthinkaboutthemandatoryprogram

mentioned?

A.Itistoolate.

B.Itistooearly.

C.Itisofnouse.

D.Itiscomplicated.

TheexampleofanoutbreakofSalmonellaSt.Paulisusedto

A.showhowseriousapublicsanitarycrisiscanhave

B.exemplifyhowthepublicinvestigationsoftenshifttheir

attentions

C.blametheslowpaceoftheinvestigation

D.highlighttheurgencyofanationaltrackingsystem

9、

WhatdoesDavidAchesonthinkaboutthemandatoryprogram?

A.Hehassomedoubtsaboutwhetheritwillhaveanimpact.

B.Hethinksthatrestaurantsandfarmsshouldalsobe

includedintheprogram.

C.HethinksthatPDAmaynothavethenecessary

administrativepower.

D.Heworriesthatdifferentapartmentsmaycompetewithone

anotherforauthority.

10、

Whatisthelatestproposalmentionedinthelastparagraph?

A.Togivemoreseverepunishmenttothoseresponsiblefor

healthscares.

B.Tocreateanewagencytohandlefoodsafetyissues.

C.TograntmoreadministrativepowertoFoodandDrug

Administration.

D.Tokeepaclosereyeontheleadingcompanies.

11、IfmenarefromMarsandwomenarefromVenus,itmay

explainatleastoneoftheirsharedbeliefs:Menandwomen

can'tberealfriends.Manymaypointtothejealousythat

plaguesmanyrationalpeoplewhenasignificantotherbefriends

someoneoftheoppositesex.Boilitdowntotheinherent

differencesbetweenthesexes.Itjustcan，tbedone.Isit

right?

Wrong,sayrelationshipexperts."Thebeliefthatmenandwomen

can，tbefriendscomesfromanothererainwhichwomenwereat

homeandmenwereintheworkplace,andtheonlywaytheycculd

gettogetherwasforromance,explainsLindaSapadin,Ph.[D],

apsychologistinprivatepracticeinValleyStream,NewYork.

“Nowtheyworktogetherandhavesportsintereststogetherand

socializetogether.〃Thisculturalshiftisencouraging

psychologists,sociologistsandcommunicationsexpertstoput

forthanowmessage:thoughitmaybetricky,monandwomencan

successfullybecomeclosefriends.What'smore,therearegood

reasonsforthemtodoso.

Societyhaslongsingledoutromanceastheprototypical

male-femalerelationshipbecauseitspawnsbabiesandkeepsthe

lifecyclegoing;cross-sexfriendship,asresearcherscallit,

hasbeeneitherignoredortrivialized.Wehaverulesforhow

toactinromanticrelationships(flirt,date,getmarried,

havekids)andevensame-sexfriendships(boysrelatebydcing

activitiestogether,girlsbytalkingandsharing).Butthere

aresofewplatonicmale-femalefriendshipsondisplayinour

culturethatwe'reatalosseventodefinetheserelationships.

Acertain1989filmstarringMegRyanandBillyCrystal

convincedanationofmoviegoersthatromancealwayscomes

betweenmenandwomen,makingtruefriendshipimpossible."When

HarryMetSallysetthepotentialformale-femalefriendship

backabout25years,“saysMichaelMonsour,Ph.D.,assistant

professorofcommunicationsattheUniversityofColoradoat

DenverandauthorofWomenandMenasFriends:Relationships

acrosstheLifeSpaninthe21stCentury."Almosteverytime

youseeamale-femalefriendship,itwindsupturninginto

romance.

In1989,DonMeara,Ph.D.,asociologyprofessoratthe

UniversityofCincinnati-RaymondWaltersCollege,publisheda

landmarkstudyinthejournalSexRolesonthetopimpediments

tocross-sexfriendship.Amongseveralchallengeshepointed

outinhisresearch,societymaynotbeentirelyreadyfor

friendshipsbetweenmenandwomenthathavenosexualsubtext.

Peoplewithclosefriendsoftheoppositesexareoftenbarraged

withnudging,winkingandskepticism:"Areyoureallyjust

friends?”Thisisespeciallytrue,saysO'Meara,ofolder

adults,whogrewupwhenmenandwomenwereoff-limitstoeach

otheruntilmarriage.

Whatdoestheword"befriends”(Line3,Para.1)mostprobably

mean?

A.Stopbeingfriendswith.

B.Goonadatewith.

C.Becomefriendswith.

D.Haveafancyorparticularlikingordesirefor.

12、

Whatdosomerelationshipexpertsthinkaboutmale-female

friendships?

A.Theycanonlybefriendsintheworkplace.

B.Theirfriendshipswouldfinallyturnintoromances.

C.Itistotallypossiblethatfriendshipsexistbetweenmales

andfemales.

D.Menandwomencan'tberealfriends.

13、

Accordingtoparagraph3,whyisitdifficultformenandwcmen

tobecome〃just〃friends?

A.Historically,ithasbeendifficulttodefinethiskindof

relationship.

B.Itisnotascommonassame-sexfriendships.

C.Menandwomenhavedifferentrulestoactinarelationship.

D.Therehaven'tbeenenoughrulesandexamplesforcross-sex

relationship.

14、

Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?

A.Thedifficultiesofcross-sexfriendshipstempartlyfrom

themedia.

B.Movieandtelevisionhavesetdifferentrulesformenand

womentointeract.

C.Televisionhasnothelpedtopromotecross-sexfriendships.

D.Somebookauthorsplayanegativeroleinpeopleaccepting

cross-sexfriendships.

15、

Whichoneofthefollowingwou1dbethebestsubtitleforthe

lastparagraph?

A.EstablishingEquality:Thepowerplay

B.ThePublicEye:Dealingwithdoubters

C.TheMeetingPlace:Findingfriends

D.DefiningtheRelationship:FriendsorLovers?

16>Workhardandgetahead.That*swhateveryAmericanlearns

growingup,butformillionsofthem,it'sgettingharderto

tellthedifferencebetweenworkinghardandbeingaworkahclic.

“Thelinehappenswhenyoucomehomeonedayandyourhusband

isn，tthere,andyoudidn，trealizeheleftyouaweekago,“

StephenViscusisaid.ViscusiisCEOoftheViscusiGroup.

Theactualreasonsforbecomingaworkaholicarequitevaried.

Itmightinvolveaneedinsomeonetoalwaysstayastepahead

oftheirco-workersoranyoneelsetheyperceiveasa

competitivethreat.Itcouldbeadesiretoneverleavethe

officeatnightwithouttyingupanylooseendssuchas

returninganemail,writingamemoorgettingapackagecut.

Itmightbeasingle-mindedcommitmenttobeingsuccessful,

gainingpromotionafterpromotion,nomatterwhatthecost.

WorkaholicsAnonymous一a^fellowshipofindividualswhoshare

theirexperience,strengthandhopewitheachotherthatthey

maysolvetheirccrnmonproblemsandhelpotherstorecoverfrom

workholism”-lists20questionstoaskyourselfifyouthink

youmaybeaworkaholic,includingwhetheryougetmoreexcited

aboutworkthananythingelseandworkmorethan40hoursper

week,viscusisaidagoodindicationthatyou*reaworkahclic

isifyouareconstantlyelectronicallyconnectedtotheoffice,

whetherbycellphone,BlackBerryorlaptop.

Workaholism'seffectsonthefamilycanbedevastating,

Viscusisaid,withtheconsequenceseventuallymanifesting

themselves,astheywouldwithanyotheraddiction,inbrcken

marriagesandbrokenhomes.BrianRobinson,aprofessoratthe

UniversityofNorthCarolina,told〃20/20〃in1999that

childrenofworkaholicsdevelopedthesamedisordersas

childrenofalcoholics,suchasdepressionandanxiety,that

crippledthemlaterinlife.