全優(yōu)課堂 英語 高考總復(fù)習(xí) 課件第7講　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣

專題一詞法篇第7講情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣(本欄目對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P321)目錄1高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚研究如何考2核心精講歸納如何學(xué)3沖關(guān)訓(xùn)練專練如何解◎高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚→研究如何考◎真題再現(xiàn)題型高考典例設(shè)題角度解讀語法填空1.(2024浙江1月卷)However，thoughit’snicetogetafewcentsoffapackofsausages，itwouldhelpevenmoreiftheycouldsometimes

(offer)insmallerpacks.

2.(2024全國(guó)甲卷改編)IfIwantedanendingI___________

(can)notguess，I’dpickupamystery(懸疑小說).

3.(2023北京卷改編)Mymotherwassurethesamecolor

(will)lookgreatonher.

1.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞原形或被動(dòng)形式(bedone)2.考查if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣句3.考查由butfor，without，or，otherwise等引出的含蓄條件的虛擬語氣beofferedcould

would題型高考典例設(shè)題角度解讀語法填空4.(2023天津卷)Weneedn’t

(bother)withdetails，forourteammateswilldoeverythingintheirpowertohelpus.

5.Evenifweachievegreatsuccessinourwork，weshouldnot

(be)tooproud.

6.MichaelKelseyParissaidarobot____________(be)extremelyusefulgivenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft.

1.考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞原形或被動(dòng)形式(bedone)2.考查if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣句3.考查由butfor，without，or，otherwise等引出的含蓄條件的虛擬語氣botherbe

couldbe1.句意：然而，雖然一包香腸的能便宜幾美分是件好事，但有時(shí)如果能以小包裝出售，那就更好了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合語境可知，主語they(指代香腸)和動(dòng)詞offer為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填beoffered。2.句意：如果我想要一個(gè)我猜不到的結(jié)局，我會(huì)選擇一本懸疑小說。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“I

(can)notguess”為定語從句，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與主句的謂語wanted保持一致。故填could。

3.句意：我的媽媽確信同樣的顏色穿在她身上會(huì)好看。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處作that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的謂語，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與主句的謂語was保持一致。故填would。4.句意：我們不必為細(xì)節(jié)而煩惱，因?yàn)槲覀兊年?duì)友會(huì)盡全力幫助我們。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn’t后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形。故填bother。5.句意：即使我們?cè)诠ぷ髦腥〉镁薮蟮某晒?，我們也不?yīng)該過于驕傲。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“shouldnot”后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形。故填be。6.句意：MichaelKelseyParis說，考慮到關(guān)于盜牛的擔(dān)憂繼續(xù)上升，

機(jī)器人可能是極其有用的。根據(jù)下文中的“givenrisingconcernsaboutcattletheft”及語境可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。故填couldbe。解題策略▼若給出的動(dòng)詞為原形且作謂語，應(yīng)注意其前是否有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。然后，根據(jù)句意或句式結(jié)構(gòu)填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式。▼一旦判斷所給動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，就要考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等，特別是注意虛擬語氣中的時(shí)態(tài)。判斷虛擬語氣，除了常見的if虛擬條件句，還應(yīng)注意其他常搭配虛擬語氣的標(biāo)志詞，

如suggest，wouldrather，asif，wish，otherwise，or，butfor，without等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞▼情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1.表示“可以”時(shí)常用may或can；表示“不可以”用can’t。Youcan/maytakewhateveryoulikeinthisroom.你可以拿走這個(gè)屋子里你喜歡的任何東西?！蚝诵木v→歸納如何學(xué)◎2.表示“必須”常用must/haveto。must強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀意志，而haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)由于客觀因素而不得不做。否定式mustn’t意為“不準(zhǔn)；禁止”，don’thaveto意為“不必；不需要”。Youmusthaveself-confidenceifyouwanttoachieveyourgoal.如果你想實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，你一定要自信。3.can表示“能力”，其過去式為could，在一般情況下可以與beableto互換。Ithinkthebabycan/will

be

able

towalkinanothertwomonths.我認(rèn)為那個(gè)嬰兒再過兩個(gè)月就能走路了。Wewereluckythattheweatherwasfinethatdayandwewere

able

toseethesunrise.我們很幸運(yùn)，那天的天氣很好，我們看到了日出。4.表示“應(yīng)該”時(shí)用should或oughtto。Janetookoffheryellowblouse，thinkingthatsheshouldgotoanopenareaiftheycamebackagain.簡(jiǎn)脫下她的黃襯衫，心想如果他們?cè)倩貋淼脑?，她?yīng)該到一個(gè)空曠的地方。5.will表示“意愿”或表示“習(xí)慣性、傾向性”時(shí)，其過去式為would。Fishwilldieoutofwater.魚離開水會(huì)死。6.shall用于第二、三人稱時(shí)，表示許諾、決心、命令或警告等。Oneofourrulesisthateverystudentshallwearschooluniformswhileatschool.我們的其中一項(xiàng)規(guī)定是學(xué)生在校期間必須穿校服。7.need/dare既可以用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可以用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，need/dare有時(shí)態(tài)變化，常見搭配為need/daretodo。Youneedn’tgetthemachinerepairedthisweek.Iwon’tneedituntilnextmonth.這周你不必請(qǐng)人修理機(jī)器。我到下個(gè)月才用。▼情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)1.表肯定：can表示客觀上較大的可能性；may/might/could表示可能、也許；must表示一定；should/oughtto表示應(yīng)該。Hurryup！Theymustbewaitingforusnow.快點(diǎn)！他們現(xiàn)在一定在等我們。Therearesomehealthproblemsthat，whennottreatedintime，

canbecomebiggeroneslateron.有些健康問題，如果不及時(shí)治療，以后會(huì)變得更嚴(yán)重。2.表否定：can’t/couldn’t表示非常不可能；maynot/mightnot表示可能不，其可能性比can’t/couldn’t??；shouldn’t/oughtn’tto表示應(yīng)該不會(huì)。Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.這不可能是他做的。3.表疑問：can/could表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。Wherecanshehaveputit？她到底把它放哪兒了呢？虛擬語氣1.虛擬語氣在if條件句中的運(yùn)用類別從句謂語主句謂語與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did(be用were)should/would/could/mightdo與過去事實(shí)相反haddoneshould/would/could/mighthavedone與將來事實(shí)相反did(be用were)should/would/could/mightdoshoulddoweretodo2.含蓄條件(1)有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況不用條件句表達(dá)，而是用butfor，without等接詞(短語)來表示。Wewouldn’t

have

finishedtheprojectontimewithoutyourtimelyhelp.如果沒有你的及時(shí)幫助，我們就不能按時(shí)完成那項(xiàng)工程了。(2)用連詞otherwise，or等暗示后文與前面的情況相反，從而引出后文的虛擬語氣。Hewasverybusyyesterday，

otherwisehewould

have

cometotheparty.他昨天太忙了，否則的話，他就會(huì)來參加聚會(huì)了。3.虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用(1)在“Itis+important/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/apity+that…”句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。It’s

vital

thatwe(should)takeoursafetydrivingalongtheroadseriously.重視道路安全駕駛是至關(guān)重要的。(2)在wouldrather(that)后的賓語從句中，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞，如果表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)硪l(fā)生的動(dòng)作，用一般過去時(shí)；如果表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，則用過去完成時(shí)。I’d

ratherhehad

gonetotheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.要是他前天和我去海邊就好了。(3)當(dāng)insist，urge，order，command，suggest，advise，recommend，request，require，desire，demand(記憶口訣：一“建議”一“敦促”兩“命令”三“建議”四“要求”)或其變形引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句、同位語從句)時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣，即“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。(4)wish后賓語從句中的虛擬語氣類別從句謂語動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反did(be用were)與過去事實(shí)相反haddone與將來事實(shí)相反would/coulddo(5)3個(gè)特定句式中的虛擬語氣句型對(duì)過去虛擬對(duì)現(xiàn)在虛擬對(duì)將來虛擬ifonly+從句haddonedid(be用were)would/could/should/mightdoasthough/if+從句haddonedid(be用were)would/could/should/mightdoItishightime(that)…did/shoulddoⅠ.單句語法填空1.Itishightimethatyou

(consider)thatiftherewerenostressinyourlife，youwouldachievealittle.

2.Hewasstillrunningwithasmileonhisface，asifnothing____________

(happen).

3.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies

(send)totheearthquake-strickenareasoon.

◎沖關(guān)訓(xùn)練→專練如何解◎considered/shouldconsiderhadhappened(should)besent4.IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers，I

(notbe)whereIam.

5.Ifthenewsafetysystem

(put)touse，theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.

6.Johnwantstoseemenow，butIhavesomuchworkonhandthatIwouldratherhe

(come)tomorrowthantoday.

7.Sincenobodygavehimanyhelp，hemust

(do)theresearchonhisown.

wouldn’tbe

hadbeenputcamehavedone8.Theartistwassurehewould

(choose)，butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister，theoldmanlaughed.

9.IwishI

(be)atmysister’sweddinglastTuesday，butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.

10.Ifteensseethattheirphysicalconditioniscausingthemtoperformbadly，theymay

(motivate)todootheractivitiestogethealthy.

bechosenhadbeenbemotivated1.在“Itishightimethat…”句式中，從句要用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或“should+動(dòng)詞原形”。故填considered/shouldconsider。2.根據(jù)主句謂語“wasstillrunning”和語境可知，此處表示對(duì)過去的虛擬，應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。故填hadhappened。3.根據(jù)上文中的“Theordercamethat”可知，從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，即“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”。從句主語“themedicalsupplies”與動(dòng)詞send為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填(should)besent。4.句意：如果我沒有面對(duì)過那么多的障礙，我就不會(huì)是今天的我。根據(jù)語境可知，該句為錯(cuò)綜虛擬條件句，從句是對(duì)過去的虛擬，主句是對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬。故填wouldn’tbe。5.句意：如果新的安全系統(tǒng)被投入使用，這起事故就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。根據(jù)主句的謂語“wouldneverhavehappened”可知，此處對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行虛擬，因此if從句的謂語應(yīng)為haddone。主語“thenewsafetysystem”與動(dòng)詞put為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填hadbeenput。6.根據(jù)上文中的“wouldrather”和語境可知，此處對(duì)將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行虛擬，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填came。7.句意：既然沒人給他幫忙，那他肯定是自己做的研究。根據(jù)從句的謂語gave和語境可知，此處表示對(duì)過去事實(shí)的虛擬，應(yīng)用havedone。故填havedone。8.分析句子并結(jié)合語境可知，主語he和動(dòng)詞choose為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞would后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填bechosen。9.句意：我真希望上周二我參加了妹妹的婚禮，不過我當(dāng)時(shí)正在紐約出差。根據(jù)下文中的“butIwas”可知，此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，應(yīng)用“had+動(dòng)詞的-ed形式”。故填hadbeen。10.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合語境可知，主語they與動(dòng)詞motivate為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填bemotivated。Ⅱ.語法填空

Nowadays，participatinginsocialpracticeisamustforseniorhighstudentstobeadmittedtouniversities.Inordertoimproveseniorhighstudents’overallqualityandhelpthemgetpreparedforfuturestudy，greatimportanceshould1.

(attach)tosocialpractice.Studentsareencouragedtogetinvolvedinsocialpracticeduringtheholidaysbybeingavolunteerorgettingapart-timejob，fromwhichstudentscan2.

(gain)alotmorethantheirtextbooks.

beattachedgainAboveall，socialpractice3.

(provide)aplatformusedbystudentstoconnecttotherealworldoutsidethecampus.Theycanlearntodealwiththeproblemsinapracticalway4.

(use)whattheyhavelearnedfromthebooks.Associatingtheirstudywithpracticecan5.

(assistance)themingettingabettercommandoftheirknowledge.Moreover，socialpractice，fromwhichtheycanobtainvaluableexperienceandinsight，isbeneficialfortheirfuturecareer.Studentswhotakeanacti