33UsingLanguageAssessingYourProgress-高二英語課后培優(yōu)練（人教版2019選擇性）

姓名：班級Unit3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION3.3UsingLanguage&AssessingYourProgress一、基礎(chǔ)鞏固I．單詞拼寫1.Afterthefailureoftheelectricitysupplythecitywasin_____

(混亂).2.Weadvocatepeacefuldevelopment,_____

(和諧的)developmentandscientificdevelopment.3.Inthemovie,heplaysaconcernedands_____(善解人意的)fathertryingtobringuptwoteenagechildrenonhisown.4.Ifyouwanttoapplyforthejob,youmusts_____(提交)yourapplicationbeforeJanuary1st.5.Brownisfriendlyandh_____(幽默的),andwhathesayscanalwayspleaseusaswell.6.Mostkidsu_____(經(jīng)歷)apletetransformationwhentheybeeteenagers.7.Thegovernmenttookanotherstepontheroadtopoliticalr_____(改革).8.Aswecansee,thewholeriverb_____(流域)iscoveredwithtropicalforest.9.Hefailedto_______

(抓住)theopportunityduringthejobinterview.10.TherearethreebooksthatIrereada_______

(每年地).ThefirstisErnestHemingway'sTheMobileFeast,whichIreadeveryspring.1.答案：chaos解析：句意:在電力供應(yīng)中斷后，這座城市處于一片混亂中。2.答案：harmonious解析：句意:.我們提倡和平發(fā)展、和諧的發(fā)展和科學(xué)發(fā)展。3.答案：sensitive解析：句意:在電影中,他扮演一個關(guān)愛且善解人意的父親,試圖獨(dú)自撫養(yǎng)兩個十幾歲的孩子。4.答案：submit解析：句意:如果你想申請這份工作,你必須在1月1日之前提交你的申請。5.答案：humorous解析：句意:布朗很友好而且幽默,他說的話也總是能讓我們高興。6.答案：undergo解析：句意:大多數(shù)孩子成為青少年時都會經(jīng)歷完全的轉(zhuǎn)變。7.答案：reform解析：句意:政府在實(shí)現(xiàn)政治改革的路上又邁進(jìn)了一步。8.答案：basin解析：句意:正如我們所能看到的,熱帶雨林覆蓋了整個河流流域。9.答案：seize解析：句意:在工作面試中他未能抓住機(jī)會。10.答案：annually解析：句意:有三本書我每年都重讀一遍。第一本是歐內(nèi)斯特?海明威的《流動的盛宴》,每年春天我都會閱讀。II.單句語法填空1.Theprojectwillcontributeto______(develop)theeconomyandreducingpovertywhenitispleted.2.Sofar,power____________(restore)inmostpartsthatwerehitbyhighwindslastnight.3.Itismypleasuretoanswerthequestions__________(regard)theAmericanCivilWar.4.Hedecidedthathewouldputoffhistourof______________(inspect)tillthenextday.5.Atfirstherefusedtoadmithismistake,butheendedup_____________(apologize)tous.6.Energy________(conserve)andenvironmentalprotectionarenotonlytheresponsibilityofpaniesbutalsothedutyofeverycitizen.7.Inhistory,Chinesecivilizationoriginated_________Henan,thebeautifulandabundantland.8.Thedrunkendriverwasbroughttothepolicestationforbreakingtraffic____________(regulate).9.Fewplantswillt_____(忍受)suddenchangesintemperature.10.Thegovernmenthaslaunchedac_____(運(yùn)動)bytelevisionmercialsandleaflets.1.答案：developing解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意:該項(xiàng)目建成后將促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、減少貧困。contributetodoingsth."促成/造成做某事",to為介詞。2.答案：hasbeenrestored解析：考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:到目前為止,昨天夜里受到大風(fēng)襲擊的大部分地區(qū)已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了供電。由Sofar可知,此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時;restore為及物動詞,與主語power為被動關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。3.答案：regarding解析：考查介詞。句意:我很樂意來解答關(guān)于美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的問題。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,"________(regard)theAmericanCivilWar"作定語修飾questions,故填regarding,意為"關(guān)于"。4.答案：inspection解析：考查名詞。句意:他決定把巡察工作推遲到第二天。根據(jù)句意以及空前的of可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞形式。tourofinspection"巡察，巡視"。5.答案：apologizing解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意:起初他拒絕承認(rèn)錯誤,但最后還是向我們道歉了。endupdoingsth.意為"最終做某事"。6.答案：conservation解析：考查名詞。句意:能源節(jié)約和環(huán)境保護(hù)不僅僅是公司的責(zé)任,也是每一個公民的義務(wù)?？仗幾髦髡Z,應(yīng)用名詞形式。energyconservation意為"能源節(jié)約"。7.答案：in解析：考查介詞。句意:歷史上,中華文明起源于河南這片美麗富饒的土地。originatein是常用搭配,意為"起源于……",in后通常是地點(diǎn)。8.答案：regulations解析：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。句意:那個喝醉的司機(jī)因違反交通法規(guī)被帶到了警察局。根據(jù)句意可知,此處應(yīng)用名詞。regulation是可數(shù)名詞,其前沒有限定詞,故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。9.答案：tolerate解析：句意:很少有植物經(jīng)受得住氣溫的突然變化。10.答案：campaign解析：句意:政府通過電視廣告和傳單的形式發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)宣傳活動。III.句子翻譯1.很多人會支持這項(xiàng)新政策，這是毫無疑問的。(漢譯英）【答案】Thereisnodoubtthatdozensofpeoplewillbeinfavorofthenewpolicy.【解析】【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞性從句。分析句意可知，句子主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，從句用一般將來時，表示將要發(fā)生的事情。表示“這是毫無疑問的”可用固定句型thereisnodoubtthat…表達(dá)，nodoubt后用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。表示“很多人會支持這項(xiàng)新政策”可用dozensofpeoplewillbeinfavorofthenewpolicy，dozensof“很多”是固定短語，后接名詞復(fù)數(shù)；infavorof“支持，贊成”是固定介詞短語，在一般將來時的系動詞willbe之后作表語，后接名詞短語thenewpolicy“新政策”。句首字母大寫，故翻譯為Thereisnodoubtthatdozensofpeoplewillbeinfavorofthenewpolicy.2.門口有一些人，他們大多數(shù)都提交了申請。(漢譯英）2.【答案】Therearesomepeopleatthegate,mostofwhomhavesubmittedtheirapplications.【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句、一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在完成時。表示“門口有一些人”應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在的客觀事實(shí)，表示“有”應(yīng)用therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，主語為somepeople(一些人)，be動詞應(yīng)用are。表示“在門口”應(yīng)用atthegate。表示“他們大多數(shù)都提交了申請”應(yīng)用非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞people，從句表示過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果或影響，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。表示“大多數(shù)”應(yīng)用mostof，在定語從句中缺少of的賓語，且先行詞是人，所以應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom。表示“提交”應(yīng)用動詞submit。表示“申請”應(yīng)用名詞application作賓語，此處是指很多人的申請，所以應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。再結(jié)合其它漢語意思，故翻譯為Therearesomepeopleatthegate,mostofwhomhavesubmittedtheirapplications.3.女孩在那里度過了艱難的時光，忍受著惡劣的工作條件。(漢譯英）【答案】Thegirlhadahardtimethere，toleratingthebadworkingconditions.【解析】【詳解】考查一般過去時、動詞短語和現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)“女孩在那里度過了艱難時光”可知，此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時。表示“度過艱難時光”應(yīng)用動詞短語haveahardtime，表示“在那里”應(yīng)用副詞there。表示“忍受”可用動詞tolerate，tolerate和主語girl構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，所以可用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作伴隨狀語。表示“工作條件”應(yīng)用workingconditions，表示“惡劣的”可用形容詞bad。再結(jié)合其它漢語意思，故翻譯為Thegirlhadahardtimethere,toleratingthebadworkingconditions.。4.沒有他們的幫助，我們不可能按時完成工作。(漢譯英）【答案】Wewouldn’thavefinishedourworkontimewithouttheirhelp.【解析】【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)，介詞用法。分析句意可知，本句為虛擬語氣，虛擬過去的事情。表示條件部分“沒有他們的幫助”可用介詞短語withouttheirhelp，在句中作狀語，位置可以在句首或句尾。表示“我們不可能按時完成工作”為wewouldn’thavefinishedourworkontime，虛擬過去應(yīng)用would+havedone表達(dá)，否定式為wouldn’thavedone。句首字母大寫，故翻譯為Wewouldn’thavefinishedourworkontimewithouttheirhelp.5.那個小偷站在那里，雙手被那位年輕的警察抓著。(漢譯英）【答案】Thethiefstoodthere,withhishandsseizedbytheyoungpoliceman.【解析】【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)，復(fù)合賓語。分析句意可知，此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情，用一般過去時，謂語動詞用過去式。表示“那個小偷站在那里”可用主謂句型thethiefstoodthere；表示“雙手被那位年輕的警察抓著”可用with加復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）作狀語，動詞“抓”seize和所修飾的名詞“雙手”hishands之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用其過去分詞seized作賓補(bǔ)，介詞by“被，由”用于表示被動的動詞之后，后接動作的執(zhí)行者theyoungpoliceman。句首字母大寫，故翻譯為Thethiefstoodthere,withhishandsseizedbytheyoungpoliceman.詞匯歸納環(huán)保environmental?protection?環(huán)境保護(hù)environmentallyfriendly?環(huán)保的preserve?v.保護(hù)，保存污染：Pollute=?contaminate,?污染（動詞）pollutant?污染物Pollution=contamination?污染（名詞）垃圾rubbish,?garbage,?trash,?waste,?litter?處理dispose?of,?burn,?bury?(landfill垃圾場),?dump傾倒，recycle?回收plastic?bags塑料袋drinking?cans飲料罐biodegradable?packaging?可降解包裝throwaway?可丟棄的disposable?可丟棄的discourage?v.?不鼓勵燃料nonrenewable?不可再生的fossil?fuels礦石燃料natural?gas,?coal,?petroleum?limited/finite?natural?resources?有限的自然資源alternative?energy替代能源replace=substitute?v.取代(wind?power,?hydropower水電solar?(lunar)?power太陽能=5\*ROMANV．語法填空.Monkeysdonotlikeitwhenothersgetmorefoodthantheydo,accordingtoanewstudy.

ResearchersfromYaleandHarvarduniversitiesfoundCapuchinmonkeyspunishmonkeys①_____getmorefood."Thissortof,'IfIcan'thaveit,noonecanresponseisbecauseof②_____(psychology)spite(怨恨),anditwas③_____(previous)thoughtuniquetohumans,"saidKristinLeimgruberofHarvardUniversity.Sheisacoauthoroftheresearchstudy.TheresearcherswatchedassomeCapuchinmonkeys④_____(give)morefoodthanothers.Theyfoundthatmonkeysgettingthe⑤_____(small)sharepulledaropetofoldupatableholdingtheothermonkey'sbiggershare.

Anotherleadresearcher,LaurieSantos,explainedoveremail,"Ithinkwhatwecanconcludeabouthumansis⑥_____someofourmoreembarrassingtendencieshaverelativelydeep⑦_(dá)____(root)."Santossaidthespitefulresponsewasnotpresentwithanothermemberoftheapespecies—chimpanzees(黑猩猩).

"⑧_____earlierstudy,"shesaid,"showedchimpanzeeswouldfoldupthetableofotherchimpanzees⑨_____(steal)foodfromthem.Buttheywouldnotpunishchimpanzeeswhojusthappened⑩_____(have)morefood,"Santossaid.Inotherwords,itwasfineifotherchimpanzeeshadmorefoodaslongastheydidnotstealit.答案：which/that;psychological;previously;weregiven;smaller;that;roots;An;stealing;tohave解析：①考查定語從句。此處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞monkeys，指物，空處在從句中作主語，故填which/that。②考查形容詞。此處修飾名詞spite，要用形容詞形式，故填psychological。③考查副詞。此處修飾動詞，要用副詞形式，故填previously。④考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)主句的謂語動詞watched可知，從句的謂語動詞也要用一般過去時，且Capuchinmonkeys與give之間為被動關(guān)系，故填weregiven。⑤考查比較級。根據(jù)下文中的bigger可知，此處應(yīng)用比較級，故填smaller。⑥考查連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句中不缺成分，故用連接詞that,只起連接作用，沒有含義。⑦考查名詞。deep修飾名詞，root是可數(shù)名詞，此處用復(fù)數(shù)形式作賓語，故填roots。⑧考查冠詞。此處修飾可數(shù)名詞study，且earlier的讀音是以元音音素開頭，故填an，表系泛指。⑨考查非謂語動詞。此處意為“黑猩猩會折疊起其他偷走它們食物的黑猩猩的桌子”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，chimpanzees與steal之間為主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語，故填stealing。⑩考查動詞不定式。happentodosth.表示“碰巧做某事”，故填tohave。二、拓展提升=1\*ROMANI.閱讀理解ABeforetheendoftheyear,employeesatUbiquitousEnergy,apanyinRedwoodCity,Calif,willgatherinawindowlinedconferenceroomtostaretowardthefuture.That’sbecausetheirnewglasswindowswilloffermorethananamazingviewoftheNorthCalifornialandscape.Theywillalsobeabletopowerthepany’slights,putersandairconditioners.Severalyearsinthemaking,Ubiquitous’energyproducingglassisaremarkabletechnologicalachievement.Itspowerliesinthelayersoforganicpolymers(聚合物)betweensheetsofglass.Aslightentersthewindow,theflowofelectronsbetweenthepolymerlayerscreatesanelectriccurrent,whichisthencollectedbytinywiresintheglass.“It’ssortoflikeatransparentputerdisplayruninreverse(反過來),”saysVeeralHardev,directorofbusinessdevelopmentatUbiquitousEnergy.“Insteadofelectricitybeingshuttledtodifferentpointsinadisplaytolightthemup,lightisproducingelectricitytobeshuttledoutofdifferentpointsinthewindow.”Rightnowthewindowsproduceaboutathirdasmuchelectricityfromagivenamountofsunlightasthetypicalsolarcellsusedinroofpanels(板).Thesewindows,abouthalfastransparentasordinaryglass,don’tworkaswellastransparentones.Hardevsaysthepanyislikelytoimprovethetransparencysignificantly.Asfortheloweroutputofelectricity,henotesthatwindowscancoveramuchgreatersurfaceareathanaroof,sonumerouswindowswillproduceasurprisinglylargeramountofelectricitythantheproductionfromarooftopfullofhigherefficiencysolarpanels.“Youcoulddoboth.”saysHardev.“Butyou’llgetmorefromthewindows.Thebiggestchallenge,”headds,“isincreasingthewindowsfromlessthantwosquarefeetcurrentlytoabout50squarefeet.”1.Whatmakesthenewglasswindowsspecial?A.Theycanofferanamazingview.B.Theyarecontrolledbyputers.C.Theycanpowertheconferenceroom.D.Theycanhelpstaretowardthefuture.2.WhatisHardevtryingtoexplaininParagraph3?A.Thesourceoflight.B.Thesignificanceofdifferentpoints.C.Thesimilarityofputerandglass.D.Theworkingprincipleofenergyproducingglass.3.Whatcanaffectpowerproductionaccordingtothepassage?A.Thetransparencyoftheglass.B.Thequalityoftherooftop.C.Theheightofthesolarpanels.D.Thethicknessoftheglass.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Windows:ANewChallengeofTechnologyB.Windows:NoLongerJustforLettingintheLightC.Power:APressingProblemintheNearFutureD.Power:NotEnoughfromRooftopSolarPanels本文介紹了一家公司研制出了與眾不同的可以發(fā)電的新的玻璃窗。1.【解析】選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Theywillalsobeabletopowerthepany’slights,putersandairconditioners.可知,它們還能夠?yàn)楣镜臒?計算機(jī)和空調(diào)供電。由此可知,新的玻璃窗與眾不同的是它們可以為會議室供電。2.【解析】選D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知,“這有點(diǎn)像一臺反向運(yùn)行的透明電腦顯示器,”UbiquitousEnergy的業(yè)務(wù)開發(fā)主管維洛拉?哈德夫表示。他說:“不是把電傳送到顯示器的不同點(diǎn)來點(diǎn)亮它們,而是把產(chǎn)生的電從窗口的不同點(diǎn)傳送出去。”由此可知,哈德夫在第三段中想要解釋的是產(chǎn)生電能的新玻璃窗的工作原理。3.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的Thesewindows,abouthalfastransparentasordinaryglass,don’tworkaswellastransparentones.Hardevsaysthepanyislikelytoimprovethetransparencysignificantly.可知,這些窗戶的透明度只有普通玻璃的一半,不如透明玻璃那么好用。哈德夫說,公司可能會大幅提高透明度。由此可知,玻璃的透明度會影響發(fā)電量。4.【解析】選B。標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文尤其是第一段可知,UbiquitousEnergy公司研發(fā)出的新玻璃窗不僅可以讓光線進(jìn)入屋內(nèi),它們還可以為公司的燈,計算機(jī)和空調(diào)供電。因此B項(xiàng)Windows:NoLongerJustforLettingintheLight(窗戶:不再只是為了讓光線進(jìn)來)符合文章內(nèi)容,可以作為最佳標(biāo)題。BTomakesureofgreenerdevelopment,Chinawillbineeffortsinenvironmentalprotectionandecologicalrestorationaccordingtothecountry'snewlyapprovedguideline(指導(dǎo)方針)forenvironmentalprotection,partofthe13thFive-YearPlan(2016—2020).Chinasurpasseditsgoalinenvironmentalprotectionforthe12thFive-YearPlan(2011—2015),withcarbonintensity(強(qiáng)度)droppingby20percent(theintendedtargetis17percent).Itisamajorcontributiontoworldwideeffortsagainstclimatechange,officialssaid.Thenewguidelinestresseseffortstorestorenaturewhilereducingindustrialdamagetotheenvironment.Thegoalistoachieveamoreenvironmentallyfriendlywayofliving,considerablereductioninmajorpollutantemissionsandasounderecologicalsystemby2020.Agoodenvironmentisanecessarypartinimprovingpeople'slivingstandards,officialssaid.StatisticsofareportfromseveralChineseuniversitiesshowthatmorethanonethirdofthecountry'sindustrialwastewaterflowsdirectlyintoriversandlakes.WaterpollutionwithinChinahasaffectedtheenvironment,societyandagriculture.Ithasresultedinhugeeconomiclosses.AirpollutionisalsooneofthemajorproblemsinChina.HeavyhazeusuallycoversNorthandEastChina.EnvironmentalissuesarebeingabarriertoChina'sdevelopment.Besides,heavymetalpollutioninsoilinChinaissoseriousthatitrequiresustoactimmediately.10percentofthetotalfarmlandofChinahasheavy-metal-pollutedsoil.Theheavymetalinsoilwillenterintohumans'foodchainthroughgrainandagriculturalproducts.Therapidindustrializationofagriculture,expansionofthechemicalindustry,andtheneedtoproducecheapformsofenergyhavecausedthecontinuousreleaseofman-madeorganicchemicalsintonaturalecosystems.Theguidelinefocusesonecologicalrestorationbycontrollingmoretypesofpollutantsthanbefore.[語篇解讀]為了保護(hù)環(huán)境，恢復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，中國新頒布了一項(xiàng)環(huán)境保護(hù)指導(dǎo)方針。1．Accordingtothepassage,theguideline________．A．ispartofthe12thFive-YearPlanofChinaB．a(chǎn)imstoimproveChinesepeople'slivingstandardsC.callsforworldwideeffortsagainstclimatechangeandpollutionD.focusesonenvironmentalprotectionaswellasecologicalrestorationD[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“...Chinawillbineeffortsinenvironmentalprotectionandecologicalrestoration...”可知，指導(dǎo)方針要求中國在環(huán)境保護(hù)和生態(tài)修復(fù)這兩方面都要付諸努力。]2．Theunderlinedword“surpassed”canbereplacedby“________”．A．beat B．failedC．set D．realizedA[詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“...withcarbonintensitydroppingby20percent(theintendedtargetis17percent).Itisamajorcontributiontoworldwideeffortsagainstclimatechange,officialssaid.”可知，在“十二五”期間，中國的碳強(qiáng)度下降了20%(預(yù)定目標(biāo)是17%)，在全球控制氣候變化方面做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。因此中國是超額完成了目標(biāo)。surpass意為“超過”。beat意為“勝過”。]3．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．ThehugeinfluenceofseriouspollutiononChina.B．ThecurrentsituationofenvironmentalpollutioninChina.C．China'sachievementinfightingpollutioninrecentyears.D．MeasurestheChinesegovernmenttakestodealwithpollution.B[段落大意題。本段分別介紹了中國的水污染、空氣污染和土壤污染問題。因此本段主要是說中國當(dāng)前環(huán)境污染的現(xiàn)狀。]4．Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A．MostcitiesinChinasufferseriousairpollution.B．Waterpollutionisthebiggestproblemparedwithotherkindsofpollution.C．Moretypesofpollutantsshouldbecontrolledtorestoreecosystems.D．Reducingcarbonemissionsisthechiefgoalofthe13thFive-YearPlan.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Theguidelinefocusesonecologicalrestorationbycontrollingmoretypesofpollutantsthanbefore.”可知，為了恢復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，更多類型的污染物應(yīng)該被控制。]=2\*ROMANII.語法填空Polarbearsareundergoinghungerinaworld

①_____(warm)thaneverbefore.

Polarbearsliveintheenvironmenttoocoldformostanimals.Formostoftheyear,theyliveandhuntonArcticseaice.Naturehasprepared

②_____(they)forthecoldconditions.Butnothinghaspreparedthebearsforthedanger

③_____threatenstheironlyhome.

Polarbears'worldismelting.Studiesshowthatpolarice

④_____(reduce)by9.8%every10yearssince1978.Nowabout20,000to25,000polarbearsliveintheArctic.Polarbearsdepend

⑤_____seaicefortheir

⑥_____(survive)."Seaiceismorethanjusttheplatformthatthebearswalkover,"saysAndrewDerocher,

⑦_(dá)____scientistwhostudiesNorthAmericanpolarbearpopulations."Withoutit,theycan'texist."

⑧_____

(melt)andrefreezingofpolariceisnatural.Butinawarmerworld,thecyclespeedsup,andpolarbearshavelesstime

⑨_____

(hunt).Normally,theyhavethreemonthsinthespringwhentheygainmoreweight.Theextrafatwillbeused,whenthebearsarenot

?⑩_____

(active)hunting.17.

Eachareaoftheenvironmentisfullof

①_____(differ)kindsofplants,animalsandotherorganisms(有機(jī)體).

②_____

(stay)alive,theselivingthingsdependoneachotherandonnonlivingthingsintheirenvironmentincludingwater,sunlightandtemperature.Amunityoflivingandnonlivingthings

③_____functiontogethercreatesanecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)).

Plantsgettheirenergyfromtheearth,waterandsun.Animalsgettheirenergyfromeatingplantsandotheranimals.Eachorganismwithinanecosystem

④_____

(have)itsownroletoplay.Thinkoftheecosystemofamangroveforest(紅樹林).Whenleavesandbranchesfallfrom

⑤_____

(tree)totheland,theyareeatenbybacteriainthemuddyareas.Onlybacteriacansurviveinthislowoxygenenvironment.

Astheleavesandbranchesarebrokendown,theyreleasenutrientsforanimals

⑥_____

(live)inthesea.Thelargemangroverootsandsticklikeplantsprotectthecoastlineandprovidenestingplaces

⑦_(dá)____birds.Theyalsogiveshelterandfoodtoalargenumberofyoungfish.

Anythingthat

⑧_____

(involve)inanecosystemcanaffectthebalanceofit.⑨_____,otherthreatssuchasinvasivespecies,naturaldisasters,temperaturechangesand

⑩_____

(pollute)canalsoharmordestroythesystem.答案：①different②Tostay③that/which④has⑤trees⑥living⑦for⑧isinvolved⑨Besides⑩pollution解析：①考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作定語修飾kinds，表示"不同的"，故應(yīng)填形容詞形式。②考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，空處表示目的，故應(yīng)用動詞不定式作目的狀語。③考查定語從句?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞things，并在從句中作主語，故填關(guān)系代詞that/which。④考查主謂一致和時態(tài)。該句是對客觀情況的描述，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語為Eachorganism，表示單數(shù)意義，故應(yīng)填has。⑤考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句中tree為可數(shù)名詞，前面沒有限定詞，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。⑥考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中作定語，修飾animals，因live與animals之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用動詞ing形式。⑦考查介詞。providesth.forsb.為固定用法，意為"為某人提供某物"。⑧考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。該句為含有定語從句的復(fù)合句，關(guān)系詞that在定語從句中作主語，先行詞為Anything，因此謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；此處陳述的是客觀情況，要用一般現(xiàn)在時；that指代先行詞Anything，與動詞involve之間為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。⑨考查副詞。根據(jù)空前的"canaffectthebalanceofit"以及本句中的"canalsoharmordestroythesystem"可知，這里表示遞進(jìn)，故填Besides。⑩考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)and前面的部分可知，此處應(yīng)用pollute的名詞形式pollution。=3\*ROMANIII.七選五Oneoftheproblemsdamagingourplanetisthenumberofthingswethrowaway.Amorerecentadditiontothelistofthingswethrowawayisewaste—electronicitemsthatarebrokenandnotrecycled.____16____,butalsobecausewelacktheskillstorepairthemevenifweknowtheirvalue.Manymillionsoftonsoftelevisions,phones,andotherelectronicequipmentareabandonedeachyear.AUNreportclaimsthe50milliontonsofewastegeneratedeveryyearwillmorethandoubleto110milliontonsby2050,makingitthefastestgrowingwastestreamintheworld.____17____.Recently,there’sagrowingtrendforrepaireventsandclubswhichcouldbepartofasolutiontothegrowingamountofelectricalandelectronicjunk.TheBBCvisitedaRestartProjectinLondon,whichisoneofmanyfoundaroundtheworld.Oneofitsoperators,FrancescoCalo,saidthat“Thisprojectmakestotalsense.____18____.Besides,ithelpspeoplewhocannotaffordtogetridofitemsthathavedevelopedafault.”____19____.AnexperimentattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinvolvesextracting(提取)thesematerialsfromelectronicgadgets(小工具).Apartfromjustbeingrecycled,theEuropeanUnion,forexample,istryingtoencouragemanufacturerstoreusesomeextractedelectronicponents.____20____.Withphonestypicallycontainingasmanyas60elements,thiscouldbepartofthesolutiontoourappetitefornewtechnology.A.Firstofall,thisprojectprolongsthelifeofelectricobjectsB.Itispartlybecauseit’scheapertoreplacethemthanfixthemC.ItisreportedthatmanypeoplehavemadeabigfortunefromitD.NowsolutionshavebeenputforwardtogivethisewasteanewlifeE.Soit’sthoughtthatdoingthiscouldbemoreprofitablethantraditionalrecyclingF.Asmanyelectricalitemscontainvaluablemetals,anothersolutionisewasteminingG.Oneofthereasonsisthatpeopledon’tthinktheirelectronicitemsarefashionableenough【答案】16.B17.D18.A19.F20.E【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何處理日益增多的電子垃圾的方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下句“butalsobecausewelacktheskillstorepairthemevenifweknowtheirvalue.(而且是因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)狈μ幚黼娮永募夹g(shù)，即使我們知道他們的價值)”可知，空格處在分析我們不能處理電子垃圾的其它一些原因。因此B.Itispartlybecauseit’scheapertoreplacethemthanfixthem(部分原因是替換它們比修理要便宜)符合語境。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上句“AUNreportclaimsthe50milliontonsofewastegeneratedeveryyearwillmorethandoubleto110milliontonsby2050,makingitthefastestgrowingwastestreamintheworld.(聯(lián)合國報道每年電子垃圾可達(dá)到500萬噸，到2050年將翻倍。使之成為世界上增長最快的廢物)”可知，電子垃圾如此之多，我們必須相處解決的具體辦法。因此D.Nowsolutionshavebeenputforwardtogivethisewasteanewlife(現(xiàn)在方案已經(jīng)被提出去給這種電子廢料以新生)符合語境。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上句“Thisprojectmakestotalsense.(這個項(xiàng)目完全有意義)”以及下句“Besides,”可知，空格處在分析這個項(xiàng)目的具體意義。因此A.Firstofall,thisprojectprolongsthelifeofelectricobjects(首先，這個項(xiàng)目能延長電子物體的壽命)符合語境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下句“AnexperimentattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinvolvesextracting(提取)thesematerialsfromelectronicgadgets(小工具).(在新南威爾士大學(xué)開展的一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：可以從電子小工具中提取