限時(shí)練15　必修第三冊(cè)　UNIT 8(A組)

限時(shí)練15必修第三冊(cè)UNIT8(A組)閱讀A

體裁：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：科學(xué)技術(shù)難度：★★★☆☆

There’sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat’sbeginningtocomeintofocus:food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn’tstoppingthere.Food

productionWitha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“recreateformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame”,freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D-printed,ratherthanfarmtotable.Sustainability(可持續(xù)性)Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids(水解膠體)fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae(藻類)andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients.3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.NutritionFuture3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbia

University,said,

“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday’sbreadfromthesupermarket,you’deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”ChallengesDespiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapastebeforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime-consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh-endrestaurants.本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了3D打印技術(shù)在食物上的應(yīng)用取得了進(jìn)展，但目前仍面臨著許多方面的挑戰(zhàn)。1.Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes. B.Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.C.Itimprovesthecookingconditions. D.Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Food

production中的“Witha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpieces答案與解析fordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito‘recreateformsandpieces’offoodthatare‘exactlythesame，’freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.(有了3D打印機(jī)，廚師可以打印復(fù)雜的巧克力雕塑和漂亮的裝飾在婚禮蛋糕上。不是每個(gè)人都能做到這一點(diǎn)——這需要多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，但一臺(tái)打印機(jī)使它變得容易。西班牙一家餐廳使用Foodini來(lái)‘重新制作’‘一模一樣’的食物，讓廚師們騰出時(shí)間去完成其他任務(wù)。)”可推斷，3D打印的優(yōu)勢(shì)是節(jié)省了做飯的時(shí)間和精力。故選B。答案與解析2.Accordingtoparagraph4,3D-printedfood________.ismoreavailabletoconsumers B.canmeetindividualnutritionalneedsC.ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarkets D.cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterialsB

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Nutrition中的“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.(食品打印可以讓消費(fèi)者打印出具有定制營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的食品，比如維生素。)”可知，3D打印出來(lái)的食物可以滿足個(gè)人營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求。故選B。答案與解析3.Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?A.Theprintingprocessiscomplicated. B.3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.C.Foodmaterialshavetobedry. D.Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.(最重要的是，現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)3D食品打印機(jī)都局限于干燥的原料，因?yàn)槿忸惡湍讨破泛苋菀鬃冑|(zhì)。)”可推斷，食品材料必須干燥是阻礙3D食品打印普及的主要因素。故選C。答案與解析閱讀B

體裁：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：綠色生活難度：★★★☆☆

Sincethelasticeage,humanshaveclearednearlyhalfoftheearth’sforestsandgrasslandsforagriculture.Withtheworldpopulationexpanding,there’sever-increasingpressureonfarmlandtoproducenotonlymorefoodbutalsocleanenergy.InplacessuchasYakimaCounty,Washington,it’screatedcompetitionforspaceasland-hungrysolarpanels(板)consumeavailablefields.Lastmonth,thestateapprovedplanstocover1，700acresofagriculturallandwithsolarpanels,fuelingconcernsoverthelong-termimpactsoflosingcropland.ArecentstudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,however,showshowfarmersmaysoonharvestcropsandenergytogether.Oneresearcher,MajdiAbouNajm,explainsthatvisiblelightspectrum(光譜)canbeseparatedintoblueandredlightwaves,andtheirphotons(光子)havedifferentproperties.Blueoneshavehigherenergythanredones.Whilethatgivesbluelightwhatisneededtogeneratepower,italsoresultsinhighertemperatures.“Fromaplantangle,redphotonsaretheefficientones，”saysAbouNajm.“Theydon’tmaketheplantfeelhot.”Agoalofthestudyistocreateanewgenerationofsolarpanels.Heseespotentialintheorganicsolarcells,whichcomefromcarbon-basedmaterials.Thinandtransparent,thecellsareappliedlikeafilmontovarioussurfaces.Thisnewtechnologycouldbeusedtodevelopspecialsolarpanelsthatblockbluelighttogeneratepower,whilepassingredlightontocropsplanteddirectlybelow.Thesepanelscouldalsoprovideshadeforheat-sensitivefruitsduringthehottestpartoftheday.By2050,we’llhavetwobillionmorepeople,andwe’llneedmorefoodandmoreenergy.Bymaximizingthesolarspectrum,“we’remakingfulluseofanendlesslysustainableresource，”saysAbouNajm.“Ifatechnologykicksinthatcandevelopthesepanels,thentheskyisthelimitonhowefficientwecanbe.”本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了一項(xiàng)研究表明，可以通過(guò)開發(fā)新一代太陽(yáng)能電池板來(lái)收獲紅色和藍(lán)色的光波，分別滿足農(nóng)業(yè)和發(fā)電的需要，最大限度地利用太陽(yáng)能。4.Whatproblemdoesthefirstparagraphfocuson?Losingcroplandtosolarpanels. B.Distributionoftheworldpopulation.C.Reductioninforestsandgrasslands. D.Competingforlandbetweenfarmers.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Withtheworldpopulationexpanding,there’sever-increasingpressureonfarmlandtoproducenot答案與解析onlymorefoodbutalsocleanenergy.

InplacessuchasYakimaCounty,Washington,it’screatedcompetitionforspaceasland-hungrysolarpanels(板)consumeavailablefields.Lastmonth,thestateapprovedplanstocover1，700acresofagriculturallandwithsolarpanels,fuelingconcernsoverthelong-termimpactsoflosingcropland.(隨著世界人口的增長(zhǎng)，農(nóng)田不僅要生產(chǎn)更多的糧食，還要生產(chǎn)清潔能源，農(nóng)田的壓力越來(lái)越大。在華盛頓州亞基馬縣等答案與解析地，由于需要土地的太陽(yáng)能電池板消耗了可用的田地，這就造成了空間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。上個(gè)月，該州批準(zhǔn)了用太陽(yáng)能電池板覆蓋1700英畝農(nóng)田的計(jì)劃，這加劇了人們對(duì)失去農(nóng)田的長(zhǎng)期影響的擔(dān)憂。)”可知，第一段主要講述了太陽(yáng)能電池板占據(jù)農(nóng)田，導(dǎo)致農(nóng)田空間減少。故選A。答案與解析5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Generationofsolarpower. B.Hotweatherincreasingefficiency.C.Bluephotonshavinghigherenergy. D.Separationofvisiblelightspectrum.C代詞指代題。that為指示代詞，常用來(lái)指代上文提到的事物。根據(jù)畫線詞前一句“Blueoneshavehigherenergythanredones.(藍(lán)色的光子比紅色的光子能量高。)”可知，that指代的是藍(lán)色光子有更高的能量，更高的能量給予了產(chǎn)生電所需的藍(lán)光。故選C。答案與解析6.Whatdoweknowabouttheorganicsolarcells?A.Theymakefruitsheat-sensitive. B.Theycancooldowninhotdays.C.Theyallowredlighttopassthrough. D.Theycanstorecarbon-basedmaterials.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thisnewtechnologycouldbeusedtodevelopspecialsolarpanelsthatblockbluelighttogeneratepower,whilepassingredlightontocropsplanteddirectlybelow.(這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)可以用于開發(fā)特殊的太陽(yáng)能電池板，該電池板可以阻擋藍(lán)光發(fā)電，同時(shí)把紅光傳給正下方種植的作物。)”可知，這種有機(jī)太陽(yáng)能電池板能夠阻擋藍(lán)光，讓紅光通過(guò)。故選C。答案與解析7.WhatdoesAbouNajmthinkofthefutureofthenewsolarpanels?A.Limited. B.Promising. C.Uncertain. D.Challenging.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Bymaximizingthesolarspectrum,‘we’remakingfulluseofanendlesslysustainableresource，’saysAbouNajm.‘Ifatechnologykicksinthatcandevelopthesepanels,thentheskyisthelimitonhowefficientwecanbe.’(AbouNajm說(shuō)，通過(guò)最大限度地利用太陽(yáng)能光譜，‘我們正在充分利用無(wú)盡的可持答案與解析續(xù)資源。’‘如果能夠開發(fā)出這些面板的一項(xiàng)技術(shù)生效，那么我們的效率就是無(wú)限的?！?”可知，AbouNajm認(rèn)為有機(jī)太陽(yáng)能電池板能夠最大限度地利用無(wú)盡的太陽(yáng)能資源，讓人類的效率變得無(wú)限。由此可推測(cè)出，他認(rèn)為有機(jī)太陽(yáng)能電池板非常有前景。故選B。答案與解析閱讀C

體裁：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：科學(xué)技術(shù)難度：★★★☆☆(閱讀C、D)

Imaginetakingaflyingtaxitotheairport,orhoppingovercrowdedcitystreetsatrushhour,gettingwhereyouwanttogofarfasterthanyoucouldinacar.Believeitornot,youmightbeabletodothesethingsinanelectricairtaxisoonerthanyouthink.

Anairtaxiisasmallaircraftthatcancarrypeoplefromplacetoplace.Airtaxisdon’tneedalongrunwaylikeplanesdo.Theycangostraightupanddown,likeahelicopter.InJune,theFAA—thegovernmentgroupinchargeofAmerica’sskies—agreedtoallowacompanycalledJobyAviationtostarttestingtheirnewairtaxi.Jobyhasbeenmakingandtestingflyingtaxissince2017.Butthisisthefirsttimethatthey’retestingataxithat’sbeenbuiltinafactory.Beforethat,alltheirtaxisweremadebyhand.By2025,Jobyhopestostartcarryingpassengersformoney.They’veteamedupwithDeltaAirLinestocreateaprogramtoflypeoplefromtheirhomestotheairport.Jobyalsoexpectstheirairtaxistoprovidearide-sharingserviceintheair.Justlikeyoumightuseanapptoorderacartopickyouup,youcoulduseanapptoorderanairtaxi.Comparedwithhelicopters,Jobyclaimstheirtaxisarecheaper.Thecompanyexpectstochargeabout$3amile(1.6kilometers)atfirst.Butovertime,theyhopetobringthepricedowntolessthan$1permile.Jobyisn’ttheonlycompanytodevelopairtaxis.Companiesaroundtheworldareworkingonsimilarvehicles.FranceevenplanstouseafewairtaxisinParisduringnextsummer’sOlympicGames.Butthere’sstillalottodobeforeairtaxisbecomecommon.Foronething,governmentsneedtomakerulesaboutwhere,when,andhowthesetaxiscanfly.Still,itseemslikelythatairtaxiswillbepartofthefutureoftravel.TheFAAsays,“Wecouldseeairtaxisintheskiesby2024or2025.”本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了Joby

Aviation公司正在研發(fā)的空中飛行出租車的各種優(yōu)勢(shì)，并且借此表達(dá)了未來(lái)對(duì)飛行汽車的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。8.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hoppingover”inparagraph1mean?A.Movingbelow. B.Walkingacross.C.Jumpinginto. D.Flyingover.D詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Imaginetakingaflyingtaxitotheairport,orhoppingovercrowdedcitystreetsatrushhour,gettingwhereyouwanttogofarfasterthanyoucouldinacar.(想象一下，乘坐一輛飛行出租車去機(jī)場(chǎng)，或者在高峰時(shí)間hoppingover擁擠的城市街道，用比汽車更快的速度到達(dá)你想去的地方)”可知，此處指在高峰期越過(guò)擁擠的街道，因此畫線詞義與flyingover相近，故選D。

答案與解析9.WhatcanweknowaboutJoby’sairtaxis?A.Theyarefactory-madefromthestart.B.Theyweredevelopedseveralyearsago.C.TheywillofferservicetopassengersthroughtheFAA.D.TheywillbeusedduringthenextOlympicGames.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Jobyhasbeenmakingandtestingflyingtaxissince2017.(Joby從2017年開始制造和測(cè)試飛行出租車)”可知，Joby公司已經(jīng)在很多年前就開始研發(fā)空中出租車了，故選B。答案與解析10.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?A.Joby’splanaboutairtaxis. B.ThehistoryofJobyAviation.C.Airtaxiteam’sservicepromises.D.Instructionsforusinganewapp.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的“By2025,Jobyhopestostartcarryingpassengersformoney.(到2025年，Joby希望開始賺錢載客)”和“Jobyalsoexpectstheirairtaxistoprovidearide-sharingserviceintheair.(Joby還希望他們的空中出租車能在空中提供拼車服務(wù))”可知，第五段主要講述了Joby公司對(duì)于未來(lái)空中出租車的設(shè)想與計(jì)劃，故選A。答案與解析11.Inwhatwayareairtaxisbetterthanhelicopters?A.Theyaremorecomfortable. B.Theyaremoreintelligent.C.Theyarecheaper. D.Theyarefaster.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Comparedwithhelicopters,Jobyclaimstheirtaxisarecheaper.(Joby稱，與直升機(jī)相比，他們的出租車更便宜)”可知，空中出租車與直升機(jī)相比更便宜，故選C。答案與解析閱讀D

(2025·鶴華中學(xué)模擬)

體裁：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)難度：★★★☆☆

Poweroftenboostsanemployee’screativitybecausebeingpowerfulliberatestheindividualfromrestrictions.However,newresearchshowsthatemployeeswhoarenotinpositionsofpowercanbecomemorecreativewhengiventimeto“warmup”byengaginginthecreativetasksmorethanonce.“Thisisimportantbecausewhenpeoplewithmorepowerareabletoexpresstheircreativeideasmorethanthosewithlesspower,itleadstorich-get-richerdynamicsthatstrengthenthesepowerimbalances，”saidBrianLucas,anassistantprofessoratCornellUniversity.“Understandingwaystoboostthecreativityoflower-powerworkerscanhelpthemfindtherightwaytodealwiththislow-powerdisadvantage，”Lucassaid.Lucasandhiscolleaguesconductedthreestudiestoreachtheirconclusion.Inthefirststudy,theydividedthecreativeideagenerationsessionintotworounds:aone-minute“warm-up”followedbyasecondroundinwhichtheparticipantscouldtakeaslongastheywanted.Participantswererandomlyassignedtoahigh-powerconditionoralow-powercondition,andfeelingsofpowerweregeneratedwitharolemanipulation(操縱)whereparticipantsweregivenaleadershiprolewithcontroloverresources(highpower)oranemployeerolewithnocontroloverresources(lowpower).Thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsinthewarm-upround.Therewasnodifference,though,increativityinthesecondround.Inthesecondstudy,theresearchersgavethemadifferentcreativetaskandincreasedthenumberofroundsfromtwotofive,participantstakingaslongastheyliketocompletethetask.Consistentwiththefirststudy,thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsinthefirstround.Butthecreativityoflow-powerindividualscaughtupwiththecreativityofthehigh-powerindividualsafterthefirstround.Resultsofthethirdstudydemonstratedthatadifferentcreativitytaskcanalsowarmuplow-powerpeopleforanunrelatedcreativitytask.“Giventhehighvalueofcreativeideasfororganizations,itisvitaltodevelopapproachesthatempowerallemployeestotaptheircreativepotential，”Lucassaid.“Thelow-powerwarm-upeffectsuggestsasimpleinterventionthatempowersallemployeestotaptheircreativepotentialandovercomespowerimbalancesintheworkplace:whenpursuingcreativework,letemployeeswarmupfirst.”本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹新的研究表明，沒(méi)有權(quán)力的員工在多次參與創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)后，也能提高創(chuàng)造力。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓員工先“熱身”可以克服職場(chǎng)中的權(quán)力不平衡，激發(fā)所有員工的創(chuàng)造力。12.WhydoesLucasthinkitimportanttoboostthecreativityoflower-powerworkers?A.Itmaintainspowerimbalances.B.Itmotivatestheirambitiontocatchup.C.Itcreatesacompetitiveworkenvironment.D.Itencouragesaworkplacewithmoreequality.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Lucas的話“Thisisimportantbecausewhenpeoplewithmorepowerareabletoexpresstheircreativeideasmorethanthosewithlesspower,itleadstorich-get-richerdynamicsthatstrengthenthesepowerimbalances(這一點(diǎn)很重要，因?yàn)楫?dāng)擁有更多權(quán)力的人能夠比那些權(quán)力較小的人更多地表達(dá)他們的創(chuàng)造性想法時(shí)，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致富人更富的動(dòng)態(tài)，從而加劇這種權(quán)力不平衡)”和“Understandingwaystoboostthecreativityof答案與解析lower-powerworkerscanhelpthemfindtherightwaytodealwiththislow-powerdisadvantage(了解如何提高低權(quán)力員工的創(chuàng)造力，可以幫助他們找到應(yīng)對(duì)這種低權(quán)力劣勢(shì)的正確方法)”可推知，盧卡斯認(rèn)為提高低權(quán)力員工的創(chuàng)造力可以幫助他們應(yīng)對(duì)這種低權(quán)力的劣勢(shì)，即有助于找到應(yīng)對(duì)權(quán)力不平衡的正確方法，從而鼓勵(lì)一個(gè)更加平等的工作場(chǎng)所。故選D。答案與解析13.HowdidLucasandhisco-authorsstimulatefeelingsofpowerintheparticipants?A.Throughacreativetaskwithtimelimits.B.Throughprovidingthemwithdifferentpositions.C.Throughacompetitionbetweenleadersandemployees.D.Throughassigningthemtodifferentconditionsintentionally.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Participantswererandomlyassignedtoahigh-powerconditionoralow-powercondition,andfeelingsofpowerweregeneratedwitharolemanipulationwhereparticipantsweregivenaleadershiprolewithcontroloverresources(highpower)oranemployeerolewithnocontroloverresources(lowpower).(參與者被隨機(jī)分配到高權(quán)力條件或低權(quán)力條件中，并通答案與解析過(guò)角色操縱產(chǎn)生權(quán)力感，在那里參與者被賦予控制資源的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)角色(高權(quán)力)或不控制資源的員工角色(低權(quán)力)。)”可知，在第一項(xiàng)研究中，通過(guò)給參與者分配不同的角色，讓他們?cè)诓煌臈l件下工作，從而感受到權(quán)力，因此參與者的權(quán)力感是通過(guò)給予不同的角色(leadership或employeerole)來(lái)產(chǎn)生的。故選B。答案與解析14.Whatcandescribetherelationshipbetweenpowerandcreativityaccordingtothestudies?A.It’sfixed. B.It’sdynamic.C.It’sunpredictable. D.It’sirrelevant.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsinthewarm-upround.Therewasnodifference,though,increativityinthesecondround.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在熱身賽中，權(quán)力大的人比權(quán)力小的人更有創(chuàng)造力。不過(guò)，在第二輪比賽中，創(chuàng)造力沒(méi)有差異)”和第四段中的“Consistentwiththefirststudy,thestudyfoundthathigh-powerindividualsweremorecreativethanlow-powerindividualsin答案與解析thefirstround.Butthecreativityoflow-powerindividualscaughtupwiththecreativityofthehigh-powerindividualsafterthefirstround.(與第一項(xiàng)研究一致，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在第一輪比賽中，權(quán)力大的人比權(quán)力小的人更有創(chuàng)造力。但在第一輪之后，權(quán)力小的人的創(chuàng)造力趕上了權(quán)力大的人)”可知，在第一輪比賽中，權(quán)力大的人比權(quán)力小的人更有創(chuàng)造力，但在第一輪之后，權(quán)力小的人的創(chuàng)造力趕上了權(quán)力大的人，說(shuō)明權(quán)力和創(chuàng)造力的關(guān)系是動(dòng)態(tài)的。故選B。答案與解析15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HigherPowerContributestoMoreCreativityB.ChangingTasksBoostsAlltheEmployees’CreativityC.“Warm-upTime”BridgesCreativityImbalancesD.Low-powerIndividualsOutperformtheHigh-powerOnesC標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的“However,newresearchshowsthatemployeeswhoarenotinpositionsofpowercanbecomemorecreativewhengiventimeto‘warmup’byengaginginthecreativetasksmorethanonce.(然而，新的研究表明，如果給那些沒(méi)有權(quán)力的員工時(shí)間，通過(guò)多次參與創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)來(lái)‘熱身’，他們會(huì)變得更有創(chuàng)造力。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一般情況下,答案與解析職位高的員工比職位低的員工更具有創(chuàng)造力，但是熱身環(huán)節(jié)可以激發(fā)職位低的員工的創(chuàng)造力，從而創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更加公平的工作環(huán)境,所以選項(xiàng)C“‘熱身時(shí)間’彌補(bǔ)了創(chuàng)造力的不平衡”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選C。答案與解析七選五

(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)

體裁：說(shuō)明文主題語(yǔ)境：健康飲食難度：★★☆☆☆

Whatismoderation(適度)?Basically,itmeanseatingonlyasmuchfoodasyourbodyneeds.Youshouldfeelsatisfiedattheendofameal,butnottoofull.

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Butitdoesn’tmeansayinggoodbyetothefoodsyoulove.

Takeyourtime.It’simportanttoslowdownandthinkaboutfoodassomethingnutritiousratherthanjustsomethingtoeatinbetweenmeetings.

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Itactuallytakesafewminutesforyourbraintotellyourbodythatithashadenoughfood,soeatslowlyandstopeatingbeforeyoufeelfull.

Eatwithotherswheneverpossible.Eatingalone,especiallyinfrontoftheTVorcomputer,oftenleadstomindlessovereating.Andbecarefulaboutthefoodsyoukeepathand.It’smorechallengingtoeatinmoderationifyouhaveunhealthysnacksattheready,likecookies.

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Controlemotional(情緒的)eating.

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Manyofusalsoturntofoodtodealwithunpleasantemotionssuchassadness,loneliness,orboredom.Butbylearninghealthierwaystomanageemotions,youcanregaincontroloverthefoodyoueatandyourfeelings.

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Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陳代謝),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14—16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.Studiessuggestthateatingonlywhenyou’remostactiveandgivingyourdigestivesystemalongbreakeachdaymayhelptoregulateweight.

A.Eatproperlythroughouttheday.B.Wedon’talwayseatjusttosatisfyhunger.C.Don’tswallowamealonthewaytowork.D.Mostofusneedtodoubletheamountweeat.E.Instead,surroundyourselfwithhealthychoices.F.Formanyofus,moderationmeanseatinglessthanwedonow.G.Thatwon’tleadtocheatingorgivinguponyourneweatingplan.本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了要適度飲食并選擇健康的食物。1.F上文“Basically,itmeanseatingonlyasmuchfoodasyourbodyneeds.Youshouldfeelsatisfiedattheendofameal,butnottoofull.(基本上，它意味著只吃你身體需要的食物。你應(yīng)該在用餐結(jié)束時(shí)感到滿足，但不要太飽)”指出，進(jìn)餐時(shí)不要吃太飽，吃東西要適量。下文“Butitdoesn’tmeansayinggoodbyetothefoodsyoulove.答案與解析(但這并不意味著要告別你喜歡的食物)”指出，適度進(jìn)食不是要放棄吃自己喜歡的食物。F項(xiàng)“對(duì)我們?cè)S多人來(lái)說(shuō)，節(jié)制意味著比現(xiàn)在少吃?！苯忉屃撕螢檫m度進(jìn)食，承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，選項(xiàng)中的“means”與下文“mean”一致。故選F項(xiàng)。答案與解析2.C根據(jù)上文“Takeyourtime.It’simportanttoslowdownandthinkaboutfoodassomethingnutritiousratherthanjustsomethingtoeatinbetweenmeetings.(慢慢來(lái)。放慢腳步，把食物看作是有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的東西，而不僅僅是會(huì)議間隙吃的東西，這一點(diǎn)很重要)”可知，本段主要建議讀者吃東西要細(xì)嚼慢咽，不要過(guò)于急躁。C項(xiàng)“上班路上不要吞下飯?！背薪由衔模险Z(yǔ)境。故選C。答案與解析3.E上文“It’smorechallengingtoeatinmoderationifyouhaveunhealthysnacksattheready,likecookies.(如果你已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了不健康的零食，比如餅干，那么適度飲食就更具挑戰(zhàn)性了。)”指出，吃不健康的食物不利于適度飲食，E項(xiàng)“相反，你應(yīng)該選擇健康的食物。”符合語(yǔ)境，建議讀者選擇健康的食物。選項(xiàng)中的“healthy”與上文中的“unhealthy”相對(duì)應(yīng)。故選E項(xiàng)。答案與解析4.B

根據(jù)本段首句“Controlemotional(情緒的)eating.(控制情緒化進(jìn)食)”以及下文“Manyofusalsoturntofoodtodealwithunpleasantemotionssuchassadness,loneliness,orboredom.(我們中的許多人也會(huì)求助于食物來(lái)處理不愉快的情緒，如悲傷、孤獨(dú)或無(wú)聊)”可知，本段主要建議讀者不要情緒化地暴飲暴食，要健康飲食。B項(xiàng)“我們吃東西并不總是為了充饑?！敝赋鲇行┤顺詵|西并不總是為了充饑，引出下文有些人通過(guò)食物發(fā)泄情緒，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。答案與解析5.A設(shè)空處位于段首，總結(jié)全段，下文“Ahealthybreakfastcanstartyourmetabolism(新陳代謝),whileeatingsmall,healthymealskeepsyourenergyupallday.Avoideatinglateatnight.Trytoeatdinnerearlierandfastfor14—16hoursuntilbreakfastthenextmorning.(健康的早餐可以啟動(dòng)你的新陳代謝，而吃少量健康的食物可以讓你一整天都精力充沛。避免在深夜進(jìn)食。盡量早點(diǎn)吃晚飯，禁食14—16個(gè)小時(shí)，直到第二天早上吃早餐。)”指出，我們?cè)谝惶熘械拿總€(gè)時(shí)間段都要健康飲食。A項(xiàng)“一整天都要適當(dāng)飲食。”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。答案與解析完形填空

體裁：記敘文主題語(yǔ)境：個(gè)人經(jīng)歷難度：★★★☆☆

Ihadaterribleexperiencelastyear.Onenightmyyoungerbrother,Chase,wasdrivingushomefromourweeklycleaningofthechurch.Wewerebothgetting

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,sowepickedupacoupleofenergydrinksatagasstation.Thenwejumpedontothefreewayand

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home.

Theridewasfine.Mybrotherwasfocused,soI

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myeyes.Iwokeupwhenwewereclosetoourexit.Butthecar

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turnedtotheright.IdidnotcareatfirstbecauseChaseoftenplayedjokes.ThenI

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itwasnotajokeatall.Ishoutedmybrother’snameatthetopofmy

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.Hewokeupfromhissleepintimetoslamonthebrakes,thoughthebrakesdidlittleto

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usdown.Wecrashedintoastreetlight,

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ushitthedirthilloftheoff-ramp(出口匝道).

ThenI

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somethingwhiteandbrightshoottowardmychest.Ithitmeandleftmebreathlessbut

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mefromthedashboard(儀表盤).Thestreetlightswungaround,hittingtwoother

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andthencrashedbackontothehoodofourcar.Oneinch

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tous,ChaseandIwouldn’tbeheretoday.Akindman

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usoutofourcar,andthepolicemancameto

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us.Theysaidtherewerenobrokenribs(肋骨)andnointernalbleeding.

Ourdad

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onthesceneinhiscaranddroveushome.Fromthatdayon,weneverdrovewhileweweresleepyortiredagain.1.A.happy B.sleepy C.puzzled D.curious2.A.stayed B.biked C.headed D.missed3.A.opened B.fixed C.touched D.shut4.A.suddenly B.finally C.actually D.steadily5.A.predicted B.admitted C.realized D.suggested6.A.voice B.action C.noise D.strength7.A.put B.slow C.settle D.calm8.A.watching B.feeling C.making D.hearing9.A.had B.sent C.threw D.saw10.A.pulled B.left C.filled D.saved11.A.cars B.lights C.boys D.poles12.A.faster B.better C.closer D.farther13.A.carried B.locked C.forced D.helped14.A.talkto B.breakthrough C.turnagainst D.chargefor15.A.called B.arrived C.shouted D.knocked這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了在作者和弟弟回家途中，弟弟因?yàn)槠隈{駛發(fā)生了車禍，好在兩人都沒(méi)有受傷。

1.B考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們倆都困了，所以我們?cè)诩佑驼举I了幾瓶能量飲料。happy“快樂(lè)的”；sleepy“困倦的”；puzzled“困惑的”；curious“好奇的”。根據(jù)后文“sowepickedupacoupleofenergydrinksatagasstation”可知，購(gòu)買能量飲料說(shuō)明他們都疲憊困倦了。故選B。答案與解析2.C考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我們上了高速公路，直奔家。stay“停留”；bike“騎自行車”；head“前往”；miss“錯(cuò)