歐洲文化入門(mén) ( 九 )

1、Division Nine Realism,Contents,General Introduction Realism in France Realism in Russia Realism in Northern Europe Realism in England Realism in the United States Art Music at the Turn of the Century,Definition,What is Realism? In art and literature the term realism is used to identify a literary mo

2、vement in Europe and the united States in the Last half of the 19th century and the early years of the 20th century. The realists wanted a truthful representation in their works of contemporary life and manners.,Background,The Historical Background The realist movement was greatly influenced by the

3、development of science in the 19th century. The age of realism was the age of railway, wireless telegraphy and countless other mechanical inventions that revolutionized the nature of society within a very short span of time.,Realism in France,Stendhal (pen name of Marie Henri Beyle, 1783-1842)司湯達(dá) Wo

4、rks: Armance Le Rough et le Noir ( The Red and the Black)紅與黑, la Chartreuse de Parme (The Charterhouse of Parma)巴馬修道院,Honore de Balzac 巴爾扎克(1799-1850) Balzac has been called “the French Dickens”. Works: La Comedie Humaine ( the Human Comedy)人間喜劇, Eugenie Grandet歐也妮葛朗臺(tái), Le Pere Goriot 高老頭 La Cousine

5、Bette貝蒂表妹,Gustave Flaubert福樓拜 (1821-1880) Flaubert is one of the great literary artist of the 19th century. Work: Madame Bovery包法利夫人,Emile Zola 左拉(1840-1902) Zola was the founder of the naturalist school. Work: Les Rougen-Macquarts羅根.馬塔里 .,Guy de Maupassant莫泊桑 (1850-1893) Work: The Necklace項(xiàng)鏈, The P

6、iece of String 一條繩子 The Umbrella雨傘,Realism in Russia,1. Nikolai Gogol 果戈里(1809-1852) Nikolai Gogol was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects. Works: Dead Souls死魂靈,Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev 屠格涅夫(1818-1883) Turgenev was the first Russion au

7、thor to gain recognition in the West. Works: A Hunters Sketches獵人筆記, A Nest of Gentlefolk貴族之家, Fathers and Sons父與子,Fyodor Dostoyevsky陀思妥耶夫斯基 (1821-1881) Works: The House of Death死屋手記, Crime and Punishment罪與罰, The Brother Karamazov卡拉馬佐夫兄弟,Count Leo Tolstoy 列夫托爾斯泰(1828-1910) With Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy

8、made the Russian realistic novel a literary genre that ranks in importance with classical Greek tragedy and Elizabethan drama.,Anton Pavlovich Chekhov契科夫 Works: The Seagull海鷗, Uncle Vanya萬(wàn)尼亞舅舅, The Three Sisters三姊妹, The Cherry Orchard櫻桃園,Realism in Northern Europe,Henrik Ibsen 易卜生(1828-1906) Works:

9、A Dolls House玩偶之家, Ghosts群鬼, An Enemy of the People 人民公敵 The Wild Duck野鴨 and Hedda Gabler海達(dá)高布樂(lè),August Strindberg奧古斯特斯特林堡 (1849-1912) Works: Master Olaf奧洛夫老師, The Son of a Servant女仆的兒子,Realism in England,Charles Dickens 狄更斯(1812-1870) Works: Pickwick Papers匹克威克外傳 , A Tale of Two Cities雙城記, Oliver Twi

10、st霧都孤兒, Hard Times 艱難時(shí)事 Bleak House荒涼山莊, David Copperfield大衛(wèi)科波菲爾,2. George Eliot 喬治艾略特(pen name of Mary Ann Evans 1819-1880) Works: Middlemarch 米德?tīng)栺R契, The Mill on the Floss 弗洛斯河上的磨坊,William Makepeace Thackeray薩克雷 (1811-1863) Work: Vanity Fair名利場(chǎng),Thomas Hardy哈代 Works: Far from the Madding Crowd遠(yuǎn)離塵囂,

11、The Return of the Native還鄉(xiāng), The Mayer of Casterbridge卡斯特橋市長(zhǎng), Tess of the dUrberyvilles 德伯家的苔絲 Jude the Obscure無(wú)名的裘德,George Bernard Shaw蕭伯納 (1856-1950) Shaw won the Nobel Prize in 1925. Works: Heartbreak House傷心之家, St. Joan圣女貞德, The Apple Cart 蘋(píng)果車 Major Barbara芭芭拉少校 Pygmalion賣花女,Realism in the United

12、 States,Harriet Beecher Stowe比徹斯托夫人 (1811-1896) Work: Uncle Toms Cabin湯姆叔叔的小屋,Walt Whiteman惠特曼 (1819-1892) Considered by many to be the greatest of all American poets, Whitman celebrated the freedom and dignity of the individual and sang the praises of democracy and the brotherhood of man. Works: Le

13、aves of Grass 草葉集 When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloomd當(dāng)丁香花最后在庭院開(kāi)放的時(shí)候.,Mark Twain馬克吐溫 (pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens 1835-1910) Works：The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Caravras Country 卡拉維拉斯郡著名的跳蛙 The Adventures of Hckberry Finn哈克貝利分歷險(xiǎn)記, The Gilded Age鍍金時(shí)代, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer湯姆索菲亞歷險(xiǎn)記

14、, The Prince and the Pauper王子與窮人,Henry James亨利詹姆斯 (1843-1916) Works:The Portrait of Lady貴婦畫(huà)像, The Passionate Pilgrim and Other Stories, Daisy Miller黛西米勒, The Golden Bowl金碗,Art,Realism in Art Gustave Courbet居斯塔夫庫(kù)爾貝 (1819-1877) works: The Stonebreakers, Burial at Ornans,b. Jean-Francois Millet讓弗朗索瓦米勒

15、(1814-1875) His works generally depict one or two peasant figures quietly engaged in earthly or domestic toil. Works: The Sower, Gleaners,Impressionism in Art,Generally speaking, the impressionists aimed at capturing the fleeting image of a scene taken in by the eye in real life and recreating the t

16、ransitory experience with brushstrokes which are eventually transformed into a web of infinitely varied, tiny units that dissolve solied objects into a dense, colored atmosphere.,a. Edouard Manet愛(ài)杜爾馬奈 (1832-1883) Manet was regarded as the leader of the impressionist movement. Works: le Dejeuner sur

17、Lherbe, Foliers Bergers,b. Claude Monet克勞德莫奈 (1840-1926),c. Camille Pissarro卡米耶畢沙羅 (1830-1903) Work: The Place du Theatre Francais,d. Pierre Aguste Renoir皮埃爾-奧古斯特雷諾阿 Work: Moulin de la Galette,e. Hilaire Germain Edgar Degas埃德加德加 (1834-1917) Works: Caf Concert, The Glass of Absinthe, Ballerina on the

18、 stage,Post-Impressionism,a. Paul Cezanne保羅塞尚 (1839-1906) Cezanne created a new world of forms out of natural objects, even distorting appearance and reducing objects to geometrical patterns in order to make a coherent whole in his pictures. Works: The Boy in Red Vest, ruit Bowl, Glass and Apples,b.

19、Vincent van Gogh梵高 (1853-1890) He is a Dutch impressionist painter, who stresses the expression of his subjective emotion in his paintings. Works: Starry Night, Sunflower, The Night Caf,c. Paul Gauguin保羅高更 (1848-1903) Works: La Orana Maria, Vision after the Sermon,Sculpture,Works: The Man with the Broke Nose, The Thinker,Architecture,For the nineteenth century architect comes gradually to abandon sentimental and romantica designs from the historical past in the interest of an honest e