英語句子成分-主謂賓

1、寫作離不開句子, 要寫好英語的句子,首先要了解英語的句子由哪些成分構(gòu)成,能充當這些成分的是各是什么詞。 句子的組成部分分為：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語，其中主語與謂語是主要成分, 一般不可缺少。本單元復(fù)習主語、謂語和賓語。,句子成分I：主語/謂語/賓語,練習：請找出下列句子的主語。 1. The boy comes from America. 1. The boy, 名詞作主語。 2. He usually went to school alone. 2. He，代詞作主語。,一、主語,主話表示句子所說的是什么人或什么事。,3. Studying English is very imp

2、ortant. Studying English, 動名詞短語作主語。 4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. To teach him a lesson, 不定式短語作主語。 5. That he won the prize excited everyone. That he won the prize, 主語從句作主語。,6. It is important for us to have our dreams. it 形式主語to have our dreams 不定式短語作真正的主語。 7. It is obvious that h

3、e was wrong. it 形式主語, that he was wrong 主語從句作真正的主語。 8. It is no use crying over spilt milk. it 形式主語, crying over spilt milk動名詞短語作真正的主語。,主語一般由名詞、_ ,或者相當于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當(包括_ 、_ 還有_)。另外，當句子的主語為_、_ 或_時, 主語部分太長,為使句子平衡, 避免頭重腳輕, 常用it作形式主語。,歸納：,主格代詞(I、she等),不定式,動名詞,主語從句,動名詞短語,不定式短語,主語從句,謂語說明主語的動作(即主語做了什么事)、狀態(tài)或

4、特征。謂語由動詞或短語動詞充當, 或者由“系動詞+表語”構(gòu)成。除了倒裝等特殊情況外, 謂語總是位于主語的后面, 即“主語-謂語”。,二、 謂語,動詞分為實義動詞、連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞。實義動詞單獨作謂語,連系動詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語, 情態(tài)動詞與動詞原形構(gòu)成合成謂語, 助動詞與動詞的適當形式(如：原形、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞)共同構(gòu)成謂語部分。,【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。,練習：請找出下列句子的謂語并指出謂語的構(gòu)成：實義動詞、連系動詞+表語、情態(tài)動詞+動詞的原形還是助動詞+動詞的適當形式？ 1. His parents are teachers. 1. are teacher

5、s，系動詞+表語。 2. The sun rises in the east. 2. rises，實義動詞。,3. We have finished reading the book. have finished, 助動詞+動詞的過去分詞。 4. You ought to work harder. ought to work, 情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。,5. I felt cold. 5. felt cold, 連系動詞+表語。 6. He doesnt like music. 6. doesnt like, 助動詞+動詞原形。,賓語是動詞的動作對象。一般由名詞、賓格代詞(me, her等), 或

6、者相當于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當(包括不定式、動名詞還有賓語從句)。賓語可分為直接賓語和間接賓語, 間接賓語說明動作是對誰或為誰而做, 直接賓語則是動作的承受者或結(jié)果。一般情況下, 賓語都在動詞后面, 順序是：主語-謂語-賓語。,三、賓語,練習：請找出下列句子的賓語。 1. He has never met her in person. Her, 賓格代詞作賓語。 2. She handed him a book. him賓格代詞作間接賓語, a book 名詞作直接賓語。 3. He likes to play basketball. to play basketball, 不定式短語作賓語

7、。,4. We enjoy listening to music. listening to the music, 動名詞短語作賓語。 5. She said that she felt sick. that she felt sick, 賓語從句作賓語。 6. They sent the injured to hospital. the injured, 名詞化的形容詞作賓語。,7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer. 7. it形式賓語, 不定式短語to believe her any longer.作真正賓語。 8. We consider it no good getting up late. 8. it形式賓語, getting up late動名詞短語作真正賓語。 9. They believed it strange that he should have done that. 9. i