系動(dòng)詞用法(課堂PPT)

1、1,定義,系動(dòng)詞，亦稱連系動(dòng)詞（Link Verb）。作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)，亦稱補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（形容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。 分類: 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞; 持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞; 表像系動(dòng)詞 感官系動(dòng)詞; 變化系動(dòng)詞; 終止系動(dòng)詞,2,狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 be,用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，只有be一詞 He is a teacher. He is ill. (表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)) 連系動(dòng)詞 be 后根據(jù)情況可自由地接不定式作表語(yǔ)： My dream is to be a scientist. All you have to do is to listen.,3,表像系動(dòng)

2、詞,用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像”這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如： He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. She appears 18. But in fact, she is already 28.,4,持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞,用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, continue. 例如： He always kept silent at meeting. This matter remains a mystery. It continued/ remained r

3、ainy for days. He stood quite still, except his lips moved slightly. The snow lay thick on the ground.,5,注意：(1)表示“仍然處于原來(lái)的狀態(tài)”時(shí)，remain和stay可以互換，例如： Three of them remained/ stayed single. Shops should remain/ stay open till later in the evening. The door stayed/ remained closed. But the police themselv

4、es prefer to stay/ remain unarmed.,6,(2)表示“需要設(shè)法才能保持某種狀態(tài)”時(shí)，可用keep和stay. 后常接的形容詞有 calm, clean, awake, young, warm, fine等. 例如： She knew she must keep/ stay calm. Although they have many difficulties, they keep happy. Paul managed to keep/ stay awake by drinking lots of strong black coffee.,7,感官系動(dòng)詞,感官系動(dòng)

5、詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look. 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet. The music sounds nice. The fish tastes good.,8,變化系動(dòng)詞,這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. go和come 是一對(duì)相反的詞. go+ adj.表示令人不愉快的事; come+ adj.表示好的事情,還可以接前綴un-的過去分詞作表語(yǔ)

6、，表示變化的情況。 go blind/ mad/ hungry/ bad come true/ right/ clear/ dear/ unstuck/ untied His dream to be a pilot has come true. My shoelaces have come undone. She went blind at the age of 8.,9,run后接 short, dry, low, deep等形容詞,主語(yǔ)為流動(dòng)性的或能消耗掉的東西。 Their money was running short. The well has run dry. 但表語(yǔ)為wild時(shí),

7、主語(yǔ)是人; run wild(放蕩不羈） Dont let the children run wild. grow常指逐漸的變化,表示身高、歲數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)。 My little brother has grown much taller in the past year. She grew thinner and thinner. Soon the sky grew light.,10,turn表示“變得”,指變?yōu)榕c原先不同的情況,通常指顏色和天氣等變化。 The weather suddenly turned much colder. Her face turned blue with fear

8、. She turned teacher after graduation. get “變成,變得起來(lái)”,后可接形容詞,分詞,介詞短語(yǔ);接不定式時(shí)表示“由不變得”. The days are getting longer and longer. He got excited about it. My watch gets out of order.,11,fall接asleep, silent, quiet等靜態(tài)形容詞和表示疾病的形容詞，但不能接形容詞的比較級(jí)。 While I was doing my homework, my little sister fell asleep. She f

9、ell ill from cold. The naughty boy fell silent suddenly. fall apart(散開) fall flat (沒效果),12,become “變成;變?yōu)椤?好壞均可),語(yǔ)氣正式,且不能用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果.表人的身體狀況,情緒,天氣和社會(huì)變化時(shí)可與get互換使用. He became a lawyer. I became/ got interested in math. He became/ got angry with me. I hope you will become/ get well.,13,注意：1. become, tur

10、n, go, get, fall后面能接名詞作表語(yǔ),其他則不能. turn和go后面的名詞不帶冠詞。 His dream has become/ got a reality. He has turned scientist. She has gone artist. He fell an victim to cancer. 2. 表變化的系動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示逐漸的變化。 The days are getting/ becoming longer and longer. She is growing to be more and more like her mother.,14,終止系動(dòng)詞