初一英語語法名詞復(fù)數(shù)和名詞所有格

1、初一英語語法名詞復(fù)數(shù)和名詞所有格清華大學(xué)英語系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：/ 清華大學(xué)英語教授研究組提供初一英語語法名詞語法講解題專有名詞與普通名詞名詞按其意義可分為專有名詞(proper noun)和普通名詞(common noun)。普通名詞又可分為類名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。1. 專有名詞：是個(gè)別人、地以及專門機(jī)構(gòu)或團(tuán)體的名稱。如：New York紐約 Clinton克林頓2. 類名詞：是一類人或物的個(gè)體的名稱。如：piano鋼琴，doctor醫(yī)生，ship艦船3. 集體名詞：是一些人或物的總稱，作主語時(shí)可用復(fù)形謂語動(dòng)詞

2、。如：family家庭，army軍隊(duì) class班級(jí)4. 物質(zhì)名詞： 是無法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物。如：sugar糖，tea茶，air空氣5. 抽象名詞： 是動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)等抽象概念的名稱。如：work工作，honesty誠實(shí)，courage勇氣注：名詞按其可數(shù)性分為可數(shù)名詞(countable nouns)和不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable nouns)。類名詞皆可數(shù)，集體名詞大都可數(shù)，專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞多不可數(shù)。名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1. 規(guī)則變化：1)一般加-s如：map-maps地圖 field-fields田地2)以s, x, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es如：class-clas

3、ses班，box-boxes盒子 dish-dishes盤子， match-matches比賽3)以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,變?yōu)?ves如：leaf-leaves葉 thief-thieves賊 (注：下列詞例外 ：roofs屋頂，gulfs海灣, belief信仰，信條)4)以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加-es（a e i o u 元音字母）如：party-parties黨 factory-factories工廠(注：元音字母 y 結(jié)尾直接加-s： boys男孩 rays光線)5)以輔音字母 o 結(jié)尾，一般加-es如：potato-potatoes 馬鈴薯 hero-heroes

4、英雄 (注：某些外來詞 以及以元音字母 o結(jié)尾的名詞，直接加-s: pianos鋼琴，photos照片，kilos公斤;radios收音機(jī)2. 不規(guī)則變化1)變內(nèi)部元音。如： foot-feet腳 man-men 男人 tooth-teeth 牙齒 mouse-mice老鼠2)詞尾加 -en如： child-children小孩 ox-oxen公牛3)形式不變(即單復(fù)數(shù)一致)如： deer-deer 鹿 fish-fish 魚 sheep-sheep羊 people_people ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式由一個(gè)簡單名詞加一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的詞

5、構(gòu)成的名詞叫復(fù)合名詞(compound noun)。復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，有以下三種情況：1. 把最后一個(gè)構(gòu)成部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，如： housewife housewives家庭主婦 film-goer film-goers愛看電影的人 gentleman gentlemen先生 schoolroom schoolrooms教室2. 將主要成分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式，如： looker-on lookers-on旁觀者 sister-in-law sisters-in-law嫂子;弟媳 passer-by passers-by過路人 bride-to-be brides-to-be即將做新娘的人3. 將兩個(gè)

6、組成部分皆變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，這種復(fù)合名詞第一個(gè)名詞必須是man或woman,如： man doctor men doctors男醫(yī)生 woman teacher women teachers女教師 man cook men cooks男廚師 woman singer women singers女歌手l 名詞所有格l 名詞所有格的用法 所有格 s 或 s 形式主要用于人或一些動(dòng)物的名稱，表示所有或修飾的關(guān)系。n 如： Johns father 約翰的父親， spiders web 蜘蛛網(wǎng)l 名詞所有格的構(gòu)成n 一般直接加 ，n 如： this childs book這個(gè)小孩的書, childrens b

7、ooks兒童書籍n 加了-s 或-es 的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后，只加 ，n 如， girls skirts 女孩子們的裙，the soldiers horses 士兵們的馬n 以s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞或人名，可用以上兩種寫法的所有格，n 如： the actress son 或 the actresss son 女演員的兒子 Jamess works 或 James works詹姆斯的作品l 事物的所有格n 事物的的所有格常用of 表示，n 如， the shade of a tree樹陰, the top/bottom/side/inside/outside of a box.箱的頂部/底部/里面/外面 (

8、注：一些復(fù)合名詞不需of, 如：a table leg桌腿, the water supply水的供應(yīng)，a tea cup 茶杯)l 部分無生命詞用s或s表示所有格 無生命的東西在下列情況可用s或s所有格：l 表示時(shí)間，如： todays newspaper今天的報(bào)紙, two days work 兩天的工作l 表示度量衡及價(jià)值 a miles distance 一英里的距離，ten dollars value 10美元的價(jià)值l 表示自然現(xiàn)象 the moons rays月光 the earths atmosphere地球的大氣層l 表示國家城市等實(shí)體，如： the citys parks 城

9、市的公園， the countrys ta xsystem 國家l 雙重所有格 of -s 結(jié)構(gòu)叫雙重所有格(double genitive),n 如： a friend of my mothers我父親的一個(gè)朋友, a play of Shakespeares莎士比亞的戲劇.u 名詞的語法功能 名詞在句子中可以用作：l 主語n The boy opened the door. 那個(gè)男孩把門打開了。l 賓語 分為動(dòng)賓和介賓兩種：n I saw the boy .我看到那個(gè)男孩。(boy 作動(dòng)詞saw的賓語) Give the money to your brother. 把這些錢給你兄弟。(b

10、rother 作介詞to的賓語)l 表語 He is a clever boy. 他是個(gè)聰明的孩子。l 賓語補(bǔ)足語 They called him a fool. 他們叫他傻瓜。l 定語 Is it a colour film? 是彩色影片嗎?l 同位語 This is my friend John.l 主語補(bǔ)足語 He is considered a good officer. 他被認(rèn)為是個(gè)好官員。l 名詞的練習(xí)u 【練習(xí)題】l 寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：n tooth牙齒), goose(鵝), table(桌子), man driver(男司機(jī))，potato(土豆) piano(鋼琴), s

11、heep(羊), mouse (鼠) , loaf(面包), glass(玻璃杯)l 找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤并改正：n This is a pair of trouser.這是一條褲子。n He gave me some advices. 他給了我一些忠告。n She went to the library with two ladies friends.她和兩位女伴一起去圖書館。n The police is looking for him. 警察在找他。u 參考答案：n 1. teeth, geese, tables, men drivers, potatoes, pianos, sheep

12、, mice ,loaves, glasses. 2. 1)trouser 不對(duì)。trousers 總是復(fù)數(shù) 2)advises 不對(duì)。advice 是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，不能加-s. 3) 應(yīng)是lady friends. lady 和woman不同，它的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，只變它后面的名詞。 4) police 總是復(fù)數(shù)，因此要把 is 改為are.人教版七年級(jí)英語下冊(cè)第一單元學(xué)案Unit1 Wheres your pen pal from?Section ATeachers words: Actions speak louder than words.Language aims: 知識(shí)目標(biāo)：1.

13、 Words: Canada, France, Japan, the United States, Australia, Singapore, the United Kingdom, Sydney, New York, Pairs, Toronto, Tokyo, French, Japanese, pal, country, live, language, world, like, dislike.2. Phrases: talk about, be from/ come from, pen pal, speak English, a little與 little 的區(qū)別，my favori

14、te subject, tell sb. about sth, like doing sth.3. Important sentences: 1) - Wheres your pen pal from?2) - Where does he live? 3) - What language does he speak? 4) - Whats your favorite subject?能力目標(biāo)：學(xué)會(huì)談?wù)撊藗兊膰?、居住城市及所說語言。情感目標(biāo):了解世界，了解不同地區(qū)的人文風(fēng)俗，學(xué)會(huì)理解和尊重異國文化。教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)：1. 國家及城市名稱。2. come from的用法。教學(xué)過程：、預(yù)習(xí)檢測(cè)：1.來自

15、_ 2.筆友_ 3.做運(yùn)動(dòng)_ 4.講英語_ 5.給某人寫信_(tái) 6.住在_ 7.一點(diǎn)法語_ 8. 太難_ 9.去看電影_ 10.喜歡做某事_ 、情景導(dǎo)入：1. To show a photo of Sydney and talk about it.2. To ask the students some questions.、自主探究：1. The students open the books, turn to Page 81 and read the first letter. After that, the students answer three simple questions. 2.

16、 The students read after the tape and go on answering some more questions. 、合作交流：1.The students read the letters that the teacher gives them and then choose one pen pal they like.2.Do a report. My partners name is _. His new pen pals name is _. He is _ years old. He is from _. He lives in _. At scho

17、ol, he likes _. His favorite _ is _. I think he can be my partners pen pal. Do you think so?、拓展創(chuàng)新：Groupwork1.Discussion: In your group, do you like your pen pals? Who likes? Why? ( Tell some reasons ) 2.Report.In our group, _of us like his pen pal. Because his pen pal 、典型例題解析。1.Marry, please show -

18、your picture.(2008),A. my B. mine C. I D. me解題：show后面應(yīng)該加賓格形式，故應(yīng)該選擇D 2.This isnt - pencil case, I left mine at home.(2008)A. my B. me C. I D. myself解題：形容詞性物主代詞修飾名詞，故應(yīng)該選A、達(dá)標(biāo)測(cè)試：一、首字母填空1. Shel_inBeiHai.2. Whatl_doesMariaspeak?3. Whereareyourfriendf_?4. Kingsf_ movieistheLongWeekend.5. Chinaisagreatc_.6.

19、 Mr.BrownisfromA_.7. CanhespeakJ_?8. RushHourisanactionm_.9. Itisani_story.10. J_istheseventhmonthintheyear.二、單選()1. _doyoucomefrom?A.When B.How C.Where D. Why()2.Samlikes_hisfriends. A.toplay B.plays C.playwith D.playingwith()3.Shelives_Sydney. A.at B.on C.in D.behind()4.Where_she? -InAustralia. A.

20、do;liveB.does;livesC.do;livesD.does;live()5.Doyouwant_French?A. to learn B learns. C. learning D. learn三、完形填空：閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案，并將其標(biāo)號(hào)填入括號(hào)內(nèi)。 Li Mei has a new classmate from New York. His 1_ is Peter. Everything here 2_ new to him. He doesnt speak Chinese, but he speaks good English. He

21、 can 3_ many games, too. Miss Yang asked Li Mei to 4 _ him to speak Chinese. Li Mei was very 5_ . She thought she could 6_ English from Peter. Now she can speak 7_ English and Peter can 8_ some Chinese words. Now they are 9_ at table and having 10 _ at school. Li Mei teaches him how to use chopstick

22、s. ( ) 1.A.friend B.classmate C.name D.teacher ( ) 2.A.am B.is C.are D.be ( ) 3.A.play B.have C.like D.send ( ) 4.A.see B.watch C.help D.tell ( ) 5.A.sorry B.careful C.sad D.happy ( ) 6.A.get B.borrow C.learn D.teach ( ) 7.A.any B.some C.many D.no （ ) 8.A.tell B.write C.say D.read ( ) 9.A.sitting B.

23、standing C.working D.talking ( ) 10.A.ameeting B.aparty C.lunch D.teaVIII、 課后反思： 中考鏈接1.1）Ill （寫） an E-mail to my cousin in Canada.2) They bought a house (有) a big garden.2. - ，Can you pass the dictionary to me, please? - Certainly.A. Im sorry. B. Pardon. C. Thank you. D. Excuse me3. Tom told me his

24、parents had arrived Beijing.A. at B. on C. in D. toUnit1 Wheres your pen pal from?Section BTeachers words: All roads lead to Rome. Language aims: 知識(shí)目標(biāo)：1. Words: Japanese, French, country, Toronto, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, world, pen pal, any, dislike, from, country, people, language2.

25、Phrases: be.from=com from， live in .， live here/there3. Important sentences:- Is that from your new pen pal? -Yes, it is.I live in Toronto ,Canada, and I want a pen pal in China.I think China is a very interesting country.Where does he live?He lives in Mexico City. 能力目標(biāo)：學(xué)會(huì)如何詢問他人來自哪里和如何回答別人的提問。情感目標(biāo)：學(xué)

26、會(huì)與他人友好相處學(xué)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)1、學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：學(xué)會(huì)寫信的格式以及通過寫信交筆友。2、學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)：What does she want？學(xué)習(xí)過程：1. 預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)及自測(cè)聽錄音記憶單詞。小組互相檢查讀寫情況。寫出下列單詞并展示。筆友 國家名/國家人/語言/ 首都，省會(huì)/城市（紐約、東京、多倫多、悉尼、巴黎、倫敦） 來自.；.國人； 居住/住在./住在這兒（那兒） 說話；演講（說話能力，+語言名詞） (中國、加拿大、日本、澳大利亞、英國、美國、新加坡、法國、韓國、墨西哥、西班牙) 在小組內(nèi)核對(duì)答案。完成1將單詞與圖畫匹配2、情景導(dǎo)入Greet the class as usual and check the

27、homework. The students read the new words of Unit 1 together.Check some words of this unit 1 . 3、自主探究Students activitiesRead articles and dialogues about unit 1.Teacher provides guided oral practice using the targret language。Student reads the dialogues in the class. Two students read the dialogues

28、to the class, Master some grammer points.4、合作交流Talk about countries, nationalities and languages. Ask and tell where people live by themselves. Make statements about your country of origin and languages you speak. For example：I come from Japan. I speak Janpanese。 B:Teachers help1).Revise some langua

29、ge points.vAsk students to work in pairs. After they have practice for a few mintues, Ask various pairs to present importances to the class.2).Sentences Where is your pen pal from ? She is from Mexico. Where does she live ? She lives in Mexico City .What language does she speak? She speaks English a

30、nd Spanish . 5、拓展創(chuàng)新 Please write a word in each blank and you can find information to complete the letter on the ID cards. Ask a student to read the letter aloud with all the answers in place. Ask students to use 3b as an example .Write an e-mail about themselves. Ask several students to read their

31、letters to the class.6、達(dá)標(biāo)檢測(cè)一、英漢詞組互譯（10分）：1.來自_ 6. the United Kingdom_2.說法語_ 7. the United States_3.他最喜歡的科目 _ 8. tell me about yourself_4.一點(diǎn)兒日語_ 9. in Australia_5.在周末 _10. New York _二、選擇填空（20分）：( )1.-_ is this pencil case _? -Its from the USA.A.What, from B. What color, / C. Where, from D. Where, /(

32、)2. -Where are Emmas parents from? -_ from Japan.A. Its B. Thesere C. Shes D. Theyre( )3.What language does your new pen pal speak? -_.A .France B. Mexico C. Spanish D. Korea( )4.Where does she _? -She lives in Beijing.A. from B. live , in C. lives D. live( )5. My new pen pal _Canada and speaks Engl

33、ish.A.come from B is from C. live D. live in( )6.Is that your new friend? -_.A.Yes, she is. B. No, he isnt C. Yes, it is D. No, that isnt( )7.Does she have _brothers _sisters?A.some, and B. any, and C. some ,or D.ANY, OR( )8.She likes _ to the movies and _ basketball.A.go to play B. going, playing C

34、. to go, playing D. going ,to play( )9. Do you _Australia? A. speak B. from C. live D. come from( ) 10.London is the capital of _.A. the United States B. the United Kingdom C. Australia D. Japan( )11.The people in America speak_. A. English B. French. C .Chinese D. America( )12.He _ French very well

35、, so he _ it in French. A. speaks, says B. speaks, speaks C. says, speaks D. say, say( )13. “This is my new pen pal,” She _. A. tells B. says C. speaks D. talks( )14.There is _ coffee in the bottle, is there? A. a little B. few C. little D. a few( )15.Can you _ it in French? A. speak B. say C. talk

36、D. tell三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換（10分）：1.Where is your pen pal from? = Where _ your pen pal _ from?2.Where does he live ? = _ _ does he live _?3.Whats her favorite subject? = What subject _ _ like _?4.They speak English. （就劃線部分提問）_ _ do they speak?7.中考鏈接1. “Does Wang Li _ English well ? ”“Sure . She studied it for two

37、years in America . ”(萊蕪市)A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell2. Please tell me _.I have some good news for him. (2008 重慶) A. where Robert lives B. Where does Robet live C. where Robert lived D. where did Robert live8.Conclusion總結(jié)本節(jié)課知識(shí)點(diǎn)，讓學(xué)生舉手示意自己不理解或者不明白的地方。9. Homework根據(jù)課本SectionB3b部分，write an e-mail abou

38、t yourself.10.課后反思：答案Unit 1 Section A、自主學(xué)習(xí)：1. come/be from 2. pen pal 3. do sports 4. speak English5. write to sb 6. live in 7. a little French 8. too difficult9. go to a movie 10. like doing sth.、達(dá)標(biāo)測(cè)試：一、首字母填空1.lives 2.language 3.from 4.favorite 5.country6.America 7.Japanese 8.movie 9.interesting10.

39、July二、單選15. CDCDA三、完形填空15.CBACD 610. CBBACUnit 1 SectionB一、英漢詞組互譯1. come from 2. speak French 3. his favorite subiect 4. a little Japanese 5.on weekend 6 .英國 7.美國 8.談?wù)撟约?9.在澳大利亞 10.紐約二、選擇填空： 1-5 C D C D B 6-10 C B B D B 11-15 A A B A B三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. does, come 2. Which city, in 3. does , she, best 4. Wha

40、t language中考鏈接：A A家庭作業(yè)： Dear friend, My name is Paul Jackson. Paul is my first name.Jacksom is my last name.Im 13 years old. Im from China. I speak Chinese. My favorite sport is basketball. I like playing basketball at school.Its fun.My favorite subject is English.My English teacher is very good.My

41、family is very big. I love them very much. Please write and tell me about yourself. Unit2 Wheres the post office ? 一一認(rèn)定目標(biāo)1. 知識(shí)與技能詞：（1） 重點(diǎn)單詞post,office,library,restaurant,bank,supermarket,street,pay,park,center,bridge，mail,there,near,across,next,between,front,behind.（2） 重點(diǎn)短語:post office,pay phone,acr

42、oss from,next to,in front of（3） 重點(diǎn)句型：-Is there a supermarket? -Yes,there is./ No,there isnt.2. 情感態(tài)度與學(xué)習(xí)策略 在一系列的聽書讀寫活動(dòng)中，通過自主學(xué)習(xí)，合作學(xué)習(xí)等學(xué)習(xí)策略，訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的邏輯思維，快速反應(yīng)能力和實(shí)踐能力，是學(xué)生熟練運(yùn)用：Where is the post office?句型及其回答。二預(yù)習(xí)檢測(cè)1.將下列句子和短語翻譯成漢語。1. in the neighborhood_2. turn left_3. go straight _4. on the right _5. Excuse me.

43、 _6. Youre welcome _三共同探究1. 學(xué)生讀1a部分內(nèi)容，把地點(diǎn)名詞與圖畫一一對(duì)應(yīng)，完成1a中的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，生生互相改正.2. 聽錄音完成1b.3. 小組合作練習(xí)1c中的對(duì)話4. 熟練掌握并運(yùn)用下列方位介詞,然后完成2a,2b.方位介詞：across from,between.and.,in front of,on,behind,next to5. 交際，創(chuàng)造問路情景并練習(xí)2c中的對(duì)話4 歸納總結(jié)1. 如何問路和指路.2. There be 句型的用法：（1） “There be + n.+ 地點(diǎn)狀語或時(shí)間狀語”表示“在某地或某時(shí)有某人或某物”（2） There be句型的一般疑問句是把be動(dòng)詞提到句首。（3） There be的否定句是在be動(dòng)詞后加not.5 拓展提高I 根據(jù)所給字母完成下列單詞。1. p _ _t