初中英語(yǔ)四大時(shí)態(tài)與習(xí)題

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。句子常帶有表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc。) ,never， sometimes , seldom , usually等等She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常給家里寫信，僅一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day 。我每天騎自行車上班。2)表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力、愛好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard.

2、 I like watching TV. 3)表示客觀真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.The sun rises in the east 。日出東方。Ten minus two is eight。十減二等于八。Light travels faster than sound 。光的速度比聲音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美國(guó)位于太平洋西岸。4) 根據(jù)英文語(yǔ)法規(guī)定，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一

3、般將來時(shí)，那么時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。主句表將來，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details。如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的副詞，除了上面提到的一些表示頻率的以外，常見的還有：now, today , nowadays等等。其句式變化可分為兩種情況 1)表示動(dòng)作， 一般人稱作主語(yǔ)的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助

4、動(dòng)詞dont；變一般疑問句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞do。E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They dont have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2）單三人稱做主語(yǔ)的，變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞doesnt；變一般疑問句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞does.含有be動(dòng)詞的要在be上做變化.E.g. Jenny speaks English very well. E.g. Danny is a good student.Jenny doesnt speak English very well. Danny isnt a go

5、od student.Does Jenny speak English very well? Is Danny a good student?自我檢測(cè)：(一)、 單選1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomor

6、row.A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has st

7、udy B studies C study D studied(二)、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_ _ _(遠(yuǎn)離 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming?7 _she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and

8、Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .二、單三人稱形式易出錯(cuò)例：1 He (play) football very well. 2 Danny (go) to school at 7:10.三、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend? 2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China.四、對(duì)do的理解易出錯(cuò)例：We(not do) our homework in the afternoon.do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞，它有三個(gè)含義: a)是所有行為動(dòng)詞的總稱

9、；b)是助動(dòng)詞，無實(shí)義；c)是一個(gè)具體的行為動(dòng)詞“做，干”。此句中給出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň?，故須在do前加助動(dòng)詞dont。五、對(duì)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)判斷有誤例： Li Ming with me (be) in Beijing.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1、現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“此時(shí)此刻”。E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.2、當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。E.g. They are working these days.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表現(xiàn)在位于動(dòng)詞的變化形式上，即一般采用be+-ing形式表示。見課本重讀閉音節(jié)

10、即兩個(gè)輔音中間夾一個(gè)元音. 如:sit-sitting begin-beginning(重讀在gin這個(gè)音節(jié)上，相當(dāng)與把gin該成雙寫的) 3、某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表預(yù)定的計(jì)劃或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。E.g I am coming.（一）單選1、 Look! He _their mother do the housework.A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping2 、_are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.A .Who B .How C.What D.Where3、 Don

11、t talk here. My mother _.A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep4 、Danny _. Dont call him.A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes（二）填空1、 Its ten oclock. My mother _(lie)in bed.2、 What_he _(mend)?3、 We _(play)games now.4、 What _you_(do) these days?5、 _he _(clean) the classroom?6、

12、 Who_(sing)in the next room?7 、The girl_(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She _(wear)a red sweater today.1、lie（vi.）“躺，臥” 時(shí) 2、lie 做（vi.）“說謊” 時(shí)：lielaylainlying lieliedliedlying1 、The students are singing in the room.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中對(duì)動(dòng)作提問可記住此句式“What +be +主語(yǔ)+doing+其它?”改錯(cuò)Are the children running or jump?一般將

13、來時(shí)be going to do sth表達(dá)自己打算做某事、計(jì)劃做某事或者有意做某事She is going to buy a coat this afternoon.表示未來的事實(shí)或?qū)淼念A(yù)測(cè)，可以用“will+動(dòng)詞原形”There will be a computer on every desk in the future.將來每張課桌上都會(huì)有一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)will + 動(dòng)詞原形(will可以用于任何人稱) 需要注意的是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)will可以換成shall,特別是在以I或we作主語(yǔ)的問句中,一般用shall. e.g. Shall we go to the zoo? 第一種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式

14、變化是: 變否定句在will后邊加not.，縮寫為wont 變一般疑問句把will提前. e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days? 第二種結(jié)構(gòu)的句式變化要在be上做文章. E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom

15、?其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有如下幾種 1）this引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) 如 this year 2）tomorrow及其相關(guān)短語(yǔ)如tomorrow morning 3）next引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) 如 next month 4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。be going to +動(dòng)詞原形與will+動(dòng)詞原形用法I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams.（一）、 單選1 _you _a doctor when you grow up?A Will; going to be B Are;

16、going to be C Are; / D Will; be2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come3 He will be back _a few minutes.A with B for C on D in4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow?A will B shall C do D are5 He will h

17、ave a holiday as soon as he _the work next week.A finishes B doesnt finish C will finish D wont finish6 There _some showers this afternoon.A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have7 It _my brothers birthday tomorrow. She _a party.A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C wi

18、ll be; is going to have D will have; is going to be8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11.A is B is going to be C will be D will to be答案：1 B 2B 3 D 4 B 5A 6A 7 C 8 C（二）、 填空1 -“I need some paper.” - “I _(bring)some for you.”2_(be)you free tomorrow?3 They _(not leave) until you come back.4 _w

19、e_(go) to the party together this afternoon?5 They want to know when the meeting _start.6 I _(go) with you if I have time.7 Hurry up! Or we _(be) late.8What _you _(do) tomorrow afternoon?9 Jenny _ _ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.10 If she isnt free tomorrow, she _(not take) part in the p

20、arty.答案： 1 will bring 2 Are 3 wont leave 4Shall go 5 will 6 will go 7 will be 8 are going to do 9 will do 10 wont take三、 There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時(shí)易出錯(cuò)例：There_ a basketball match this afternoon. (B)A is going to be B is going to have C are going to be D are going to have一般過去式一般過去時(shí)主要表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。可以從以下幾個(gè)方面來理解：

21、1）過去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2）過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。e.g. When I was a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3）談到已故人的情況時(shí)多用過去時(shí)。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4）有些發(fā)生時(shí)間不是很清楚的情況，實(shí)際是過去發(fā)生的，也應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。e.g. What did you

22、say? 另外，還可用過去時(shí)表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣。e.g. Could you lend me your pen? 其結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式。be動(dòng)詞的過去式為was, were；行為動(dòng)詞的過去式有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種，規(guī)則變化有以下幾種情況：1）直接在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-worked; ask-asked; 2）以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只加-d. e.g. arrive-arrived; like-liked.3)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped; 4)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先把y變成i,再加-ed.

23、e.g. carry-carried; study-studied.有些動(dòng)詞變過去式是不規(guī)則的,e.g. fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taught. 這些需要象生單詞一樣記住. 其句式變化分為兩種情況1)含有be動(dòng)詞的依然在be上做文章. e.g. I was born in 1980. I was not born in 1980. Were you born in 1980? 2)含有行為動(dòng)詞的變否定句要在行為動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞didnt.,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形; 變一般疑問句,在句首加助動(dòng)詞did,同時(shí)把動(dòng)詞變成原形. e.g. I bought a gift f

24、or my mum yesterday. I didnt buy a gift for my mum yesterday. Did you buy a gift for your mum yesterday?其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為yesterday或由其構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),e.g. yesterday morning; 由last+時(shí)間構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ), e.g. last year; 由時(shí)間段+ago構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ), e.g. three days ago; 另外,還有on the morning of Monday, just now等,以及一些表示過去時(shí)態(tài)的從句.注意,在賓語(yǔ)從句中主句為過去,一般從句也為過去.（一 ）選擇1 She lived there before he_to China. A. came B. comes C. come D. coming2 I _but_nothing. A . was listened;was hearing B. listened;heard C . have listened; heard D. listene