獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)

1、.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的用法一、獨(dú)立主晶格結(jié)構(gòu)的概念獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(Absolute Structure)是由名詞或代詞分詞等組成的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，用于修飾整個(gè)文章。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞或代詞及其后分詞等構(gòu)成了邏輯主謂關(guān)系。牙齒結(jié)構(gòu)與主句沒有語法連接，其位置相當(dāng)靈活，可以放置在主句前面、主句末端或訂單上，經(jīng)常與逗號(hào)主句分隔。在句子中做副詞等于一個(gè)狀語從句。特別要注意，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和主格之間不能使用任何連接詞。二、獨(dú)立主格子結(jié)構(gòu)的基本構(gòu)成形式名詞(代詞)是現(xiàn)在分詞。科舉分詞形容詞副詞否定式名詞；介詞短語)1.名詞(代詞)現(xiàn)在分詞示例：The storm drawing near，the navvy decided

2、 to call it a day.The storm drawing near在句子中說：原因副詞=Since the storm was drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day.由于暴風(fēng)雨即將來臨，那個(gè)挖掘工決定完成工作。(call it a day今天到此結(jié)束)示例：winter coming，it gets colder and colder。Winter coming在句子中如下：=the winter comes，and it gets colder and colder。冬天來了，天氣越來越冷了。制作文章：如果時(shí)間允許，我會(huì)

3、和你一起去。Time permitting，I will go with you。獨(dú)立主格：條件副詞=復(fù)蓋：If time permits，I will go with you。制作文章：那姑娘看著他，他不知道說什么好。The girl staring at him，he didnt know what to say。獨(dú)立主格：時(shí)間狀語=復(fù)蓋：as the girl stared at him，he didnt know what to say。n(代詞)科舉分詞示例：he was listening attentively in class，his eyes fixed on the bla

4、ckboard .他上課專心聽講，眼睛盯著黑板。示例：the meeting gone over，every one tired to go home earlier。會(huì)議結(jié)束后，大家都想早點(diǎn)回家。制作文章：工作結(jié)束后，他回家了。The work done，he went back home。=when the work was done，he went back home。名詞(代詞)不定式在名詞/代詞動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果動(dòng)詞不定式和前面的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的主體關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式就使用主動(dòng)形式。如果是同賓關(guān)系，就使用被動(dòng)形式。示例：the four of us agreed on a di

5、vision of labor，each to translate a quarter of the book .我們四個(gè)人同意分工，同意每人翻譯全書的四分之一。示例：many trees，flowers，and grass to be planted，our school will look even more beautiful。種了很多樹、花、草后，我們新建的學(xué)?？雌饋頃?huì)更漂亮。制作文章：還有很多作業(yè)要做，我不能和你去。A lot of home work to do，I cant go with you。名詞(代詞)形容詞Computers very small，we can use

6、them widely。電腦很小，但我們可以廣泛地使用它們。He stood silent in the noon sunlight，its door open。名詞(代詞)副詞The meeting over，our headmaster soon left the meeting room。會(huì)議結(jié)束后，校長迅速離開了會(huì)議室。燈滅了，我們不能繼續(xù)工作了。創(chuàng)建文章：the lights off，we could not go on with the work。名詞(代詞)名詞His first shot failure，he fired again.他第一槍沒打中，又開了一槍。two hund

7、red people died in the accident，many of them children。200人在事故中死亡，其中有很多孩子。n(代詞)介詞短語The huntsman entered the forest，gun in hand。那個(gè)獵人手里拿著槍進(jìn)了樹林。三、with、without指導(dǎo)獨(dú)立的主網(wǎng)格結(jié)構(gòu)。With (without)賓語(名詞/代詞)賓語補(bǔ)足語，賓語通常用作名詞或代詞，但代詞必須使用賓格。上述獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾個(gè)茄子情況都適用于牙齒結(jié)構(gòu)。the girl hid herbox without any one knowing where it was。小女孩

8、把箱子藏了起來，沒有人知道它在哪里。(without名詞/代詞動(dòng)詞的-ing形式)Without a word more spoken，she left the meeting room .她什么也沒說就離開了會(huì)議室。(without名詞/代詞動(dòng)詞的-ed形式)the kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit。有這么多名勝古跡，孩子們很興奮。(with名詞/代詞動(dòng)詞不定式)The boy was walking，with his father ahead。爸爸在前面，孩子在后面走。(with名詞/代詞副詞)He sto

9、od at the door，with a computer in his hand?；騢e stood at the door，computer in hand .他站在門口，手里拿著一臺(tái)電腦。(with名詞/代詞介詞短語)With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy。兒子如此失望，老人感到很不幸。(with名詞/代詞形容詞)在With (Without)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中，在大多數(shù)情況下可以省略with，但不能省略without。制作文章：老師走進(jìn)教室，胳膊下夾著一本書。the teacher walked into the cla

10、ss room，with a book under his arm。制作文章：老師坐在椅子上，周圍的一群學(xué)生圍住了他。The teacher is sitting in the chair，with a group of students around him制作文章：工作結(jié)束后，他回家了。With the work done，he went back home。制作文章：那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們很容易找到那個(gè)奇怪的洞。With the boy leading the way，we had no trouble finding the strange cave。四、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

11、在句子中一般是副詞，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨情況等，也可以是定語。1.做時(shí)間副詞我的shoes removed，I entered a low-ceilinged room，treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting .我脫下鞋子，走進(jìn)屋頂?shù)偷姆块g，小心地踩在柔軟的榻榻米墊子上。The governor pondering the matter，more strikers gathered across his path?？偠较氲竭@個(gè)問題時(shí)，更多的罷工工人聚集在他通過的路上。2.作為條件副詞Weather permitting，they wi

12、ll go on an outing to the beach tomorrow。如果天氣允許，他們明天將組織海濱野餐。Such being the case，you have no grounds for dismissing him。如果情況是這樣，你沒有理由解雇他。3.作為原因副詞The boy leading the way，we had no trouble finding the strange cave。那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們很容易找到那個(gè)奇怪的洞。there being no further business to discuss，we all went home。沒有別的事要討論

13、，我們都回家了。4.附帶的副詞或附加說明I took my ticket，and marched proudly up the platform，with my cheeses，the people falling back respect fully on either side。我拿著車票和奶酪，氣呼呼地走到平臺(tái)上。人們好像很尊敬我，紛紛向兩邊退去。ten students entered for the competition，the youngest a boy of 12 .10名學(xué)生報(bào)名參加了這次比賽，最小的是12歲的男孩。比較：動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，動(dòng)詞-ed格式

14、表示動(dòng)作結(jié)束，動(dòng)詞-ing格式通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。The manager looks worried，many things to settle。經(jīng)理看起來很焦急，有太多事情要處理。(事情還沒有處理，由經(jīng)理本人處理，使用不定式to settle。）The manager looks relaxed，many things settled。“事情已經(jīng)處理好了。動(dòng)詞-ed形式的settled表示動(dòng)作結(jié)束。The food being cooked，the boy was watching TV。孩子們一邊做飯一邊看電視。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)執(zhí)行)The food cooked，the boy went

15、 to bed。飯做好了，孩子上床睡覺了?！皟蓚€(gè)茄子動(dòng)作有先后，飯已經(jīng)做好了，孩子去睡覺。”五、獨(dú)立主格子結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊使用1.一些分詞可以獨(dú)立存在，句子沒有邏輯主語，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)成為習(xí)慣用法。牙齒詞組是：Generally speaking一般，F(xiàn)rankly speaking老實(shí)說，Judging from是.判斷、Supposing假設(shè)等。 generally speaking，the rule is very easy to understand .總的來說，牙齒規(guī)則很容易理解。 judging from what he said，he must be an honest man。從他說的判

16、斷，他一定是個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。2.部分固定詞組以有to的否定式表示說話者的立場或態(tài)度，在句子中產(chǎn)生獨(dú)立性。牙齒短語： to be honest老實(shí)說，to be sure，to tell you the truth老實(shí)說，to cut a long story short長話短說，to be frank老實(shí)說，to make matters/the to tell you the truth，I made a mistake in the word spelling。老實(shí)說，我犯了拼寫錯(cuò)誤。單獨(dú)填空1.the lecture _ _ _ _ _ _ _，he left his seat so qui

17、etly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed the speaker。A.began b . beginning c . having begun d . being beginning2.such _ _ _ _ _ _ the case，I have no other choices。A.being B. is C. was D. to be3.darkness _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in，the young people strolled on the streets。A.set B. setting C. has set D. was set4.with all fact