腦神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)課件.ppt

1、Section 2 The Cranial Nerves(腦神經(jīng)),I. Olfactory n. (嗅神經(jīng)) II. Optic n. (視神經(jīng)) III. Oculomotor n. (動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)) IV. Trochlear n. (滑車(chē)神經(jīng)) V. Trigeminal n. (三叉神經(jīng)) VI. Abducent n. (展神經(jīng)) VII. Facial n. (面神經(jīng)),vcv,vcv,vcv,vcv,vcv,vcv,vcv,The Cranial Nerves,一嗅二視三動(dòng)眼，四滑五叉六外展，七面八聽(tīng)九舌咽， 迷.副，舌下十二全。,VIII. Vestibulocochlear n

2、. (前庭蝸神經(jīng)) (位聽(tīng)神經(jīng)) IX. Glossopharyngeal n. (舌咽神經(jīng)) X. Vagus n. (迷走神經(jīng)) XI. Accessory n. (副神經(jīng)) XII. Hypoglossal n. (舌下神經(jīng)),Introduction,A. Classification of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory nerves (感覺(jué)神經(jīng)): I, II, VIII. 2. Motor nerves (運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)): III, IV, VI, XI, XII. 3. Mixed nerves (混合神經(jīng)): V, VII, IX, X.,Introd

3、uction,B. Components of the Cranial Nerves 1. Sensory (afferent) fibers 感覺(jué)(傳入) 纖維 1) general somatic sensory fiber (GSA) (一般軀體感覺(jué)纖維): skin nerve endings (皮膚神經(jīng)末稍) muscle spindles (肌梭),Introduction, 2) special somatic sensory fiber (SSA) (特殊軀體感覺(jué)纖維): visual (視), hearing (聽(tīng)), balance organs (平衡),Introduc

4、tion, 3) general visceral sensory fiber (GVA) (一般內(nèi)臟感覺(jué)纖維): all viscera (全部?jī)?nèi)臟) 4) special visceral sensory fiber (SVA) (特殊內(nèi)臟感覺(jué)纖維): olfactory (嗅器) and taste (味器),Introduction,2. Motor (efferent) fibers 運(yùn)動(dòng) (傳出）纖維 1) general somatic motor fiber (GSE) (一般軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)纖維): muscles of the eye and tongue (眼外肌和舌肌),Int

5、roduction, 2) general visceral motor fiber (GVE) (一般內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)纖維): smooth mm. (平滑肌), cardiac mm. (心肌), glands (腺體),Introduction, 3) special visceral motor fiber (SVE) (特殊內(nèi)臟運(yùn)動(dòng)): skeletal muscles derive from branchial arch (源于鰓弓的骨骼肌) I 鰓弓 咀嚼肌 II 鰓弓 面肌 III-VII 鰓弓 咽喉肌, 胸鎖乳突肌,斜方肌,I. The Olfactory Nerve (嗅神經(jīng))SV

6、A,anosmia 嗅覺(jué)喪失, hyposmia 嗅覺(jué)減退,olfactory bulb (嗅球),olfactory filaments (I) (嗅絲),cribriform foramina,anosmia 嗅覺(jué)喪失,olfactory cells (嗅細(xì)胞) within the olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity (在鼻腔內(nèi)嗅區(qū)上皮), II. The Optic Nerve (視神經(jīng)) SSA,rod cells (視桿細(xì)胞) cone cells (視錐細(xì)胞),ganglionic cells (節(jié)細(xì)胞),II,optic chiasma (

7、視交叉),optic canal (視神經(jīng)管),photoreceptor cells (感光細(xì)胞),total blindness 全盲,bipolar cells (雙極細(xì)胞), . The Oculomotor Nerve (動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)) GSE, GVE,midbrain （中腦） 腳間窩,III superior branch(上支),superior rectus levator palpebrae superioris (上直肌,上瞼提肌),inferior rectus medial rectus inferior oblique (下直肌,內(nèi)直肌,下斜肌),sup. orbit

8、al fissure (眶上裂),III inferior branch(下支),strabismus 斜視 眼瞼下垂, 瞳孔擴(kuò)大 , 眼球轉(zhuǎn)向外下, 復(fù)視,sphincter pupil, ciliary m. (瞳孔括約肌,睫狀肌), . The Oculomotor Nerve (動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)) GSE, GVE, . The Trochlear Nerve (滑車(chē)神經(jīng)) GSE,midbrain (中腦) 背側(cè),IV,superior oblique （上斜?。?sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂), . The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神經(jīng)) GSA, SV

9、E,V,maxillary n (上頜神經(jīng)),ophthalmic n (眼神經(jīng)),mandibular nerve (下頜n),pons (腦橋),lacrim n(淚腺),frontal (額) n,nasociliary(鼻睫) n,眶上神經(jīng),lacrimal gland(淚腺),鼻背,腔,篩竇,眼球,V ganglion (三叉神 經(jīng)節(jié)),額皮,infraorbital(眶下) n,sup.alveolar(上牙槽) n,auriculotemporal n,buccal (頰) n,lingual (舌) n,inf. alveolar n,眼口間皮膚,上牙,牙齦,顳部皮膚,頰部皮膚

10、,粘膜,舌前 2/3 一般感覺(jué),Taste.舌前2/3味覺(jué),mental 頦n,下唇皮膚,lower teeth下牙,牙齦,masticat. brs(咀嚼肌支),mastic.mm.咀嚼肌,trigeminal neuralgia 三叉神經(jīng)痛 trigeminal nerve block 三叉神經(jīng)封閉,鼓索,下頜舌骨肌N,Zygomatic n.(顴神經(jīng)),顴部皮膚,滑車(chē)上神經(jīng),VII, . The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神經(jīng)) GSA, SVE, . The Trigeminal Nerve (三叉神經(jīng)) GSA, SVE, . The Trigeminal Nerve

11、(三叉神經(jīng)) GSA, SVE, . The Abducent Nerve (展神經(jīng)) GSE,pons （腦橋）,VI,lateral rectus （外直?。?strabismus 斜視 diplepia (double vision) 復(fù)視,sup. orbital fissure(眶上裂), VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經(jīng))SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE,pons (腦橋) 延髓溝,geniculate ganglion (膝神經(jīng)節(jié)),VII,VII,stapedius (鐙骨肌),taste of anterior 2/3 of tongue (舌前味覺(jué))

12、,facial mm. (面肌),lingual n(舌神經(jīng)),tympanic chord(鼓索),stapedial n (鐙骨肌神經(jīng)),temporal branches (顳支),zygomatic branches (顴支),buccal branches (頰支),marginal mandibul. br(下頜緣),cervical branch (頸支),V1 lacrimal n,lacrimal gland nasal glands palatine glands (淚,鼻腔,腭腺),submandibular gland, sublingual gland (下頜下腺,舌

13、下腺),facial paralysis 面神經(jīng)癱 facial spasm 面痙攣,pterygo- palatine ganglion,greater petrosal n (巖大神經(jīng)),腭,蝶腭N, VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經(jīng)) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE, VII. The Facial Nerve (面神經(jīng)) SVE, SVA, GSA, GVE, . The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蝸神經(jīng)) SSA,nervous deafness 神經(jīng)性耳聾,brain stem (腦干) 延髓腦橋溝,vestibular n.

14、(前庭神經(jīng)),cochlear n. (蝸神經(jīng)),vestibular ganglion (前庭神經(jīng)節(jié)),spiral ganglion (螺旋神經(jīng)節(jié)),頭位置,聽(tīng)覺(jué),macullae of saccule(橢圓囊) macullae of utricle(球囊) ampullary crest(壺腹嵴),spiral organs （螺旋器）,Int.acous. meatus & pore (內(nèi)耳道,內(nèi)耳門(mén)), . The Vestibulocochlear Nerve (前庭蝸神經(jīng)) SSA, . The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神經(jīng)),SVE, GVE, S

15、VA, GVA,GSA,IX,medulla oblongata (延髓),sup. ganglion,inf. ganglion,tympanic n(鼓室),otic gang,parotid gland(腮腺),carotid sinus branch,carotid sinus & glomus,lingual br (舌支),post. 1/3 of tongue (taste,pharynx,stylopharyngeal br (莖突咽肌支),stylopharyn.(莖突咽肌),tonsillar br.(扁桃體支),palantine tonsil(腭扁桃體),post.au

16、ricular br(耳后支),pharyngeal mm.,pharyngeal branch(咽支),post. auricul. skin(耳后皮膚),& other sensory), . The Glossopharyngeal Nerve (舌咽神經(jīng)) SVE, GVE, SVA, GVA,GSA, . The Vagus Nerve (迷走神經(jīng)) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA,medulla oblongata,X L R,sup. ganglion,inf. ganglion,sup.laryng.n(喉上N),phary.br.(咽支),sup.cerv.card.br

17、.(頸上心支),inf.cerv.card.br.(頸下心支),rec.laryng. n.(喉返N),inf.laryng.n(喉下N),bronc.br.(支氣管支),esophag.br.(食管支),ant.vagal tr.(前干),post.vagal tr.(后干),int.br.(內(nèi)支),laryn.mucosa(喉粘膜),cricothyroideus(環(huán)甲肌),phary.mm(咽肌),& mucosa(粘膜),cardiac plexus (心叢),heart mm (心肌),laryng.mm喉肌,& mucosa(粘膜),esoph.br(食管支),trac. br(氣

18、管支),食管腺,肌,氣管腺,肌,& mucosa(粘膜),& mucosa(粘膜),hepat.br.(肝支),ant.gast.br(胃前支),post.gast.br(胃后支),celiac br.(腹腔支),hepat. plx,gast. plx,gast. plx,celiac plx,肝腺,肌,sens,sens,sens,sens,胃腺,肌,胃腺,肌,腸腺,肌,pulmonary plx,esoph. plx,支氣管腺,肌,食管腺,肌,& mucosa(粘膜),& mucosa(粘膜),sense,耳支耳廓,硬腦膜,ext.br.(外支), . The Vagus Nerve (迷走神經(jīng)) SVE, GVE, GVA,GSA, XI. The Accessory Nerve (副神經(jīng)) SVE,medulla oblongata (腦干),spinal cord (脊髓),cranial root (顱根),spinal root(脊根)XI,sterno-cleido-mastoideus (胸鎖乳突肌) trapezius