noun從句.ppt

1、Unit 1 The world of our sense,Grammar Noun clause,名詞性從句 名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)。因此，名詞性從句廳分為主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位從句。 （一）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 1、連接代詞：who, whose, whom, what, which。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)等。 2、連接副詞：when, where, why, how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語(yǔ)。 3、連接詞：that, whether, if, as if。that 無(wú)詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可

2、省略；if (whether), as if雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。,注意： 連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問(wèn)句，因而從句中謂語(yǔ)不用疑問(wèn)式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分，連接詞whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，whether、if 和as if都用不上時(shí)，才用that作連接詞（that本身無(wú)任何含義）。 （二）主語(yǔ)從句 1、主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句作主語(yǔ)。 Who will go is not important. 2、用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。 It doesnt matter so

3、much whether you will come or not. 3、that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不能省略。 That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.,（三）表語(yǔ)從句 1、表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。 The question was who could go there. 2、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that有時(shí)可省去。 My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help. （四）賓語(yǔ)從句 1、賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that一般可省略。 I h

4、ope (that) everything is all right. 2、介詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或whether。 Im interested in whether youve finished the work. Im interested in what youve said.,3、whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓從，常可互換。但下面情況不能互換。 賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí)，只用if，不用whether。 I wonder if it doesnt rain. 用if 會(huì)引起誤解，就要用whether。 Please let me know wheth

5、er you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易當(dāng)成條件句理解） 賓語(yǔ)從句中的whether 與or not直接連用，就不能換成if；不直接連用，可換。 I dont know whether or not the report is true. I dont know whether/if the report is true or not. 介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句，還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，以上均不能換成if。但引導(dǎo)條件從句時(shí)，只能用if，而不能用whether。

6、It depends on whether we have enough time. They dont know whether to go there. Please come to see me if you have time.,（五）同位語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ)，一般位于該名詞（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。 I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised ever

7、ybody.,LEVEL 1 翻譯以下句子，并指出帶下劃線的從句屬于名詞性從句中的哪一種。 1.What he wants is a book. 2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together. 3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you. 4.This is why he did it. 5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we (should) have a trip in Tibet? 6.That he wants a bo

8、ok is certain. 7.I suggested just now we (should) take part in this competition. 8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much. 9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well. 10.The problem is whether you can sing it well. 11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided. 12.P

9、lease tell me who your monitor is.,主語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句,某些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞，如: sure, happy, glad, certain等之后也可帶賓語(yǔ)從句。 例如： I am sure that he will succeed. I am glad that you can come and help me., Subject clause 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有: 一.由 that 引導(dǎo): 1. That we shall be late is cert

10、ain. 2. _ is known to all. (地球是圓的) 3. _ is a pity. (你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這次機(jī)會(huì)) that 無(wú)意義, 但不能省略. 后接一個(gè)完整的陳述句.,That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,that,whether,疑問(wèn)詞,2. 由whether引導(dǎo): e.g. Whether hell be able to come is not yet known. Whether we will succeed is still a question. 主語(yǔ)從句不能用if來(lái)引導(dǎo); Ex:1.是否我們要參加這次會(huì)

11、議仍未被決定。 Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 2.我們是否應(yīng)該繼續(xù)做這個(gè)試驗(yàn)還沒(méi)有討論. Whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been discussed.,陳述語(yǔ)序,3. 疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 what; which; who; whom; when; where; why; how 原則:缺什么補(bǔ)什么 What he said at the meeting surprised us. Who will win the game

12、 is not clear. Where he will go is unknown. Why they have not left yet puzzled me. How we can get there is a problem.,1._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A.What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever 2._I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy. A.Whe

13、re B.What C.That D.How 3.Its not clear _ was responsible for the accident. A.Who B.What C.How D.That,A,Ex.,C,A, Object clause,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有: 1.that引導(dǎo) She sensed she was being watching. We believe he is honest. I told him I would come back soon. 單個(gè)的賓語(yǔ)從句中連詞that可以省略.,that,if/whether,疑問(wèn)詞,that,that,that,如

14、果賓語(yǔ)從句是由and或是but連接的兩個(gè)句子,那么要用2個(gè)連詞分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)句子,并且不能省略.,e.g. 1.Are there living things on other planets? Do aliens really exist? None of us can be sure. None of us can be sure,if/whether there are living,things on other planet,and,if/whether aliens really exist.,2. He said, I like rain very much. I will not

15、 use an umbrella.,He said,that he liked rain very much,and,that he would not use an umbrella.,2. if/whether 引導(dǎo),如果賓語(yǔ)從句為一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí),用if或whether來(lái)引導(dǎo) e.g. I wonder if/whether he will come on time. if 和whether 的選用 1)從句是一般疑問(wèn)句作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),二者都可用; 2)Whether or not搭配,不能用if; 3)主語(yǔ)從句不能用if; 4)表語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句也不能用if; 5)修飾介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句也不能

16、用if; 6)連詞后直接加不定式to do, 連詞不能選用if.,if / whether1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The do

17、ctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,3. 疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo),1. I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday. 2. We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying. 3. The teacher asked _ I was ge

18、tting on with my classmates. A.what B. that C. how D. if 4. We thought _ strange that she didnt come yesterday. A. that B. it C. this D. what,who,what,C,B,4.語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題,1.The photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D.

19、how our village looks like 2.You can hardly imagine _when he heard the news. A. how he was excited B. how was he excited C. how excited he was D. he was how excited 3.He asked_for a violin.（MET92） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid,B,C,D,5.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),1.

20、如果主句時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時(shí)態(tài). a .他相信他的夢(mèng)想總有一天會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的. He believes _ . b .請(qǐng)告訴我你昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候在干什么. Please tell me _.,his dream will come true some day,what you were doing at this time yesterday,2. He told me. I am preparing for the exam. He told me. I have left my hometown for many years. 3.老師告訴我們地球是圓的。 Th

21、e teacher told us _.,He told me he was preparing for the exam.,He told me he had left his hometown for many years.,the earth is round,主語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句練習(xí),1.It now appears _ they are in need of help. A. that B. which C. what D. how 3.It _ he is late for class. A. may that B. might that C. may be that D. migh

22、t be what 4._ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom that D. That who 5.You must do well _ the teacher asks you to do. A. which B. what C. that D. where 6. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 7. - I saw your

23、 neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break,高考再現(xiàn) 1. (NMET 1995) is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 2.(NMET 1996) we cant get seems better than w

24、e have. A. What,what B. What,that C. That,that D. That,what 3.(NMET 1997)Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. however B.whatever C. whichever D.wherever 8. (2004)After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B.

25、 what C. that D. how,D,A,B,B, predictive clause,引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連詞:,that,whether,疑問(wèn)詞,as if /as though,because,e.g. The trouble is that I have lost my key. The question is whether we can do it. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late .,2

26、.如果句子的主語(yǔ)是suggestion,advice.order,demand, proposal, 等名詞時(shí),后面引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可省略. e.g. 他的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上完成工作.,1.The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied 如果主語(yǔ)為reason,why,that,表語(yǔ)從句連詞只能用that,His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.,此規(guī)則同樣適用于同位語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句練習(xí),1.This is _ she

27、was born. A. where B. which C. that D. what 2.The question is _ we cant go there today. A. that B. what C. which D. when 3.The reason he has made such great progress is _ he has never wasted his time. A. because B. why C. that D. what 4.My advice is that he _ school by bike. A. go to B. would go to

28、C. goes to D. went to 5._ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A.What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that, oppositon clause,引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞:,that,疑問(wèn)詞,whether,e.g. 1)The news that I have passed the exam is true. 2)The problem whether we should

29、continue to do the experiment has been solved. 3)The question who should do the work requires consideration 4)We havent settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.,1.判斷同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句,1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 2. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. 3.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university. 4.The information that he gave at the mee