高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--冠詞.ppt

1、不定冠詞/定冠詞,常放在名詞的前面,用來限定名詞的意義,起泛指或特指的作用,1、不定冠詞a / an的用法：,不定冠詞a / an用在單數(shù)名詞的前面,a用在輔音音素開頭的詞前面; an用在元音音素開頭的詞的前面。 (1)表示“一”這個(gè)數(shù)量。如：There is a table and four chairs in that dining-room.(在那個(gè)餐廳里有一張桌子和四把椅子。)（就近原則） (2) 表示某類人或事物,以區(qū)別于其他種類。如：An elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人強(qiáng)壯多了。)(不能譯為：一頭大象比一個(gè)人強(qiáng)壯。),(3).表

2、示“一個(gè)另一個(gè)”之意時(shí)用 而不用 例：One mans meat is another mans position人各有志。 另：在下列情況下，a,one可以互換： 例：in a/one word簡(jiǎn)而言之，a/one hundred percent百分之百，十足 (4).用在單數(shù)名詞前，相當(dāng)于某一個(gè)或某一位，抑或用在物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞表“一陣”，“一份”等或表抽象名詞具體化。 例：a. A Mr Li called you tonight，（某一位） b.Unfortunately , only the poor boy was caught in a heavy rain （表一陣） c.T

3、hrough their efforts , their experiment was quite a great success.（抽象名詞具體化） (5) a/an可表“每一”之意 例：I go there once a week to ensure that everything is ok.（每一周）,(6)兩個(gè)名詞共用一個(gè)冠詞表同一人或同一物。 例：a scientist and artist a teacher and friend 注：此類形式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)問題。 Finally, they met a professor and waiter who quite frien

4、dly. A. is B. are C. was D. were 正確答案C 析：此處profssor與writer屬同一人，who做為定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞代替 故用C. was (7) 放在形容詞最高級(jí)前表“很”、“相當(dāng)”、“非?！?例：The is a most interesting film (8) 放在序數(shù)詞前表“又”、“再”之意。 例： Do you want a second coffee? 你想再來杯咖啡嗎？,*不定冠詞的位置,不定冠詞常位于名詞、量詞或名詞修飾語(yǔ)氣前。 1位于下列形容詞之后。如：such, many , what , half etc 例：Many a man is

5、 fit for the job. 很多人適合這項(xiàng)工作。 I have never met such a man like him . 我從來就沒有遇到像他這樣的人。,2. 當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as , so ,too ,how ,however ,enough修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞放在形容詞之后。 He was infected with so deadly a disease that doctors were in complete doubt. 他感染了致命的疾病以至于醫(yī)生們束手無策。 He is such a clever boy that we all love him,3. 在as

6、though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)表語(yǔ)為 adj 修飾的名詞時(shí)，不定冠詞在形容詞后。 例：Brave a man as / though he is ,he trembles at the sight of tigers 他盡管勇敢，可見到老虎還是發(fā)抖。 4可數(shù)單數(shù)名詞的形容詞比較級(jí)有no much, far ,all the 等修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞位于比較級(jí)的形容詞之后，名詞之前。 例：Mr Li, the tutor was no better a schoolar than many a nine form boy. 李先生這位家庭教師并不比九年級(jí)學(xué)生強(qiáng)。,固定短語(yǔ)中使用a / an,m

7、any a student很多學(xué)生， what a pity / a shame！真遺憾！ take a deep breath 深呼吸 all of a sudden 突出 in a sense在某種意義上。 as a rule 通常 make a living 謀生。 take an interest in 對(duì)有興趣 keep an eye on 留意、照看 at a distance of 在這處 at a loss不知所措 as a matter of fact事實(shí)上,2、定冠詞the的用法：,定冠詞the用在可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)的名詞前面。 (1)表示特指的人或事物。如：Th

8、e man with a flower in his hand is Jack.(手上拿著一朵花的男人是杰克) (2)指談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,請(qǐng)看黑板。) (3)復(fù)述前面提到過的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(樹下有個(gè)人, 那個(gè)人叫羅伯特。) (4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球繞太陽(yáng)旋轉(zhuǎn)。),(5)用在表示方位的名詞前面。如：There will be str

9、ong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(長(zhǎng)江以南地 區(qū)將會(huì)刮大風(fēng)。) (6)在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(誰(shuí)第一個(gè)去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太陽(yáng)離地球最近) (7)常用在樂器名稱的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五歲時(shí)他開始拉小提琴) (8)用在江河、海洋、山脈等名稱的前面。如：I have never bee

10、n to the Himalaya Mountains.(我從來沒有去過喜馬拉雅山) THE YANGZE RIVER the Yellow River,(9)用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(他來自美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)) (10)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下個(gè)月格林一家要去峨眉山) (11)same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去長(zhǎng)得一樣) (12)幾

11、個(gè)用定冠詞的習(xí)語(yǔ)：at the same time (與此同時(shí)),make the bed(鋪床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(順便說一下),on the way(在路上)等等。,3、零冠詞的情況：,(1) 專有名詞和(第一次使用)一些不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中國(guó)是個(gè)大國(guó)) / Man needs air and water.(人類需要空氣和水) (2) 名詞前已有指示、物主或不定代詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than

12、 yours.(我的鋼筆比你的昂貴多了) (3)周名,月名或季節(jié)名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他們通常在山上植樹) (4) (第一次使用)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)不用,如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.人比猴子聰明,(5)三餐飯前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我們?cè)诩页栽顼?在校吃午飯) (6)節(jié)、假日前一般不用。如：On Ch