中考英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 完型填空學(xué)案

1、完形填空 學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：完型填空的解題技巧學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)篇的理解，語(yǔ)境的理解，詞義的辨析【課前導(dǎo)學(xué)】完型填空題主要從以下四步做起：第一步：重視句首，把握開篇。完型填空一般無(wú)標(biāo)題，首句一般不留空白，是完整的一句，全文信息從此開始。細(xì)讀首句，可判斷文章體裁，預(yù)測(cè)全文大意和主旨。第二步：熟讀全文，掌握大意。速讀全文要一氣呵成，盡管有空格、生詞或不明白的地方要快速讀下去。讀時(shí)要找出關(guān)鍵詞、中心詞、劃出某些代表人物和情節(jié)的詞，以便于形成思路。要注意不要在未掌握大意的基礎(chǔ)上，邊閱讀，邊做題，這樣做速讀慢、準(zhǔn)確率低。第三步：瞻前顧后，靈活答題?！罢扒邦櫤蟆?，即先讀所填詞的句子，回顧上一句，兼顧下一句。如果

2、一句中有兩個(gè)空白詞填，在初定答案時(shí)要“雙管齊下”在兩處同時(shí)試填，然后通讀全句，確定答案。答題方法：1）擇優(yōu)法：根據(jù)文章及結(jié)構(gòu)邊讀邊填，如果能夠立刻判定最佳答案的，不必再去逐個(gè)考證其余答案。2）排除法：如答案一時(shí)難以確定，可按空格位置，從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、詞語(yǔ)搭配、上下文語(yǔ)境、習(xí)慣用法、詞義辨析等方面，對(duì)選項(xiàng)逐項(xiàng)分析試題。排除干擾項(xiàng)，從而確定正確答案。第四步：復(fù)核全文，調(diào)整答案。把填好的短文通讀一遍，進(jìn)行核查同時(shí)注意以下三點(diǎn)：1、上下文的一致性：即時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一致；代詞、名詞、單復(fù)數(shù)的一致。2、從語(yǔ)法和慣用法及習(xí)慣搭配，甚至語(yǔ)感入手，看是否符合上文的邏輯。3、段與段，句與句之間的銜接是否連貫。【課堂學(xué)習(xí)】

3、For most people, the word “fashion” means “clothes”. But people may ask the question, “What 1 are in fashion?” And they use the adjective “fashionable” in the same way: “She was wearing a 2 coat.” “His shirt was really a fashionable color.”But of course there are fashions 3 many things，not only in c

4、lothes. There are fashions in holidays, in restaurants, in films and books. There are 4 fashions in school subjects, jobsand in languages. Fashions 5 as time goes. 6 you look at pictures of people or things from the past, you will see that fashions have always changed. An English house of 1750 was d

5、ifferent 7 one of 1650. A fashionable man in 1780 looked very different from his grandson in 1850.Today fashions change very quickly. We hear about things 8 more quickly than in the past. Newspapers, telephones and televisions send information from one country 9 another in a few hours. New fashions

6、mean that people will 10 new things, so you see there is money in fashion.( ) 1.A. colorB. clothesC. foodD. money( ) 2.A. niceB. beautifulC. expensiveD. fashionable( ) 3.A. atB. byC. inD. with( ) 4.A. evenB. justC. onlyD. already( ) 5.A. changeB. changesC. are changedD. changed( ) 6.A. WhereB. WhenC

7、. IfD. As( ) 7.A. onB. forC. withD. from( ) 8.A. veryB. muchC. tooD. quite( ) 9.A. inB. byC. toD. with( ) 10.A. buyB. sellC. getD. use解題技巧分析：1.通讀全文，特別注意首句是做好完形填空的第一步。如本文第一句即講明了文章的中心話題：fashion，but更轉(zhuǎn)折出了文章的主要觀點(diǎn)：Fashion not only in Clothes。2.在理解全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所給選項(xiàng)，聯(lián)系上下文，尋找解題提示，如：What 1 are in fashion? 根據(jù)首句“

8、時(shí)髦意味著衣服”，很容易推測(cè)出要問(wèn)的是“衣服”。如：And they use the adjective “fashionable” in the same way: “She was wearing a 2 coat. 根據(jù)上文“用同樣的方法使用形容詞 fashionable”，下文自然是含有fashionable的句子。3.邏輯關(guān)系語(yǔ)對(duì)準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)篇意義能夠起到很強(qiáng)的提示作用。如同義詞、近義詞或反義詞等，如：But of course there are fashions 3 many things，not only in clothes. There are fashions in hol

9、idays, in restaurants, in films and books. 通過(guò)But與not only的轉(zhuǎn)折補(bǔ)充關(guān)系，運(yùn)用語(yǔ)感感知法立刻就能鎖定正確選項(xiàng)。如：There are 4 fashions in school subjects, jobsand in languages.上句“假期時(shí)髦、餐館時(shí)髦”和本句的“學(xué)科時(shí)髦、工作時(shí)髦”之間是進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明的關(guān)系，因此，要選表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的副詞。這四個(gè)副詞中只有even表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。4.連接詞是語(yǔ)篇的紐帶，也是相關(guān)語(yǔ)句信息的結(jié)合點(diǎn)。解題時(shí)，要仔細(xì)分析推理前后的邏輯關(guān)系，確定選項(xiàng)。如：Fashions 5 as time goes. 6 y

10、ou look at pictures of people or things from the past, you will see that fashions have always changed. “看過(guò)去的像片或物品”和“看到時(shí)髦總是在變化”是條件與結(jié)果的關(guān)系，因此，本句應(yīng)選引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞。5.詞匯的習(xí)慣用法或固定搭配。如：An English house of 1750 was different 7 one of 1650. 表示“與不同”，要用固定詞組be different from。如：Newspapers, telephones and televisions s

11、end information from one country 9 another in a few hours. 指“從一個(gè)國(guó)家，到另一個(gè)國(guó)家”。表達(dá)這一意思時(shí)，要用連詞詞組fromto6.完形填空選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置一般均屬于同一詞類，有的甚至在意義上也非常接近。所以要注意結(jié)合語(yǔ)境比較細(xì)微差別，推敲最佳答案。如：Today fashions change very quickly. We hear about things 8 more quickly than in the pastNew fashions mean that people will 10 new things, so you

12、see there is money in fashion.解答過(guò)程中要弄清very, much, too, quite; buy, sell, get, use兩組詞的意思及用法區(qū)別?！菊n后拓展】（1）社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類In America, where labor (勞工) costs are so high, do-it-yourself is a way of life. Many people _1_ their own cars, build their own garages, and even rebuild their own houses. _2_ many of them wil

13、l also write their own books. In Hollywood there is a _3_ that publishes(出版) childrens books with the help of computers. _4_ other book companies also publish that way, this company is not like the others. It _5_ the reader to become the main character with the help of computers. Here is _6_ they do

14、 it.Let us suppose a child is named Hody. The computer uses this information to make up a story_7_ pictures. The story is then printed up. This book is about me, a child who _8_ such a book might say. So the company is called the Me-Books Publishing Company._9_ like me-books because they like to see

15、 in print their own names, their pictures, and the names of their friends and their pets. But more _10_, in this way, readers are much more interested in reading the stories. Me-books are helping children to learn how to read.( ) 1.A. makeB. buildC. buyD. repair( ) 2.A. OtherwiseB. OnlyC. OnceD. Soo

16、n( ) 3.A. directorB. personC. companyD. computer( ) 4.A. HoweverB. AlthoughC. ThatD. Unless( ) 5.A. allowsB. hatesC. hiresD. pays( ) 6.A. whatB. howC. whyD. where( ) 7.A. withB. aboutC. forD. except( ) 8.A. printsB. borrowsC. sellsD. receives( ) 9.A. WritersB. ChildrenC. CompaniesD. Friends( ) 10.A.

17、 impossibleB. imaginativeC. importantD. inactive（2）社會(huì)歷史類Where is the university(大學(xué))?This is a question that many visitors to Cambridge(劍橋)ask. But no one can give them a _ 1_answer, for there is no wall to be found _2 _ the university. Theuniversity is the city. You can find classroom buildings, _3

18、_, museums and offices of the university all over the city. And most of its members are the students and _4_ of the thirty-one colleges (學(xué)院).Cambridge was already a _5_ town long before the first students and teachers arrived 800 years ago. It grew up by the river Grant, and the river was once _ 6_t

19、he Cam. A _ 7 _was built over the river as early as 875. So the town got its name Cambridge.In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries more and more land was used for college buildings. The town grew much _8_ in the nineteenth century after the opening of the railway in 1845. Cambridge became _ 9 _in

20、 1951 and now it has a population of over 100, 000. Many young students in other countries _10_ to study at Cambridge. Thousands of people from all over the world come to visit the university town. It has become a famous place all around the world.( ) 1.A. trueB. clearC. rightD. real( ) 2.A. onB. ar

21、oundC. nearD. by( ) 3.A. librariesB. parksC. zoosD. markets( ) 4.A. parentsB. farmersC. workersD. teachers( ) 5.A. yetB. alreadyC. veryD. also( ) 6.A. reachedB. gotC. arrivedD. arrived in( ) 7.A. saidB. calledC. spokenD. talked( ) 8.A. bridgeB. buildingC. stationD. house( ) 9.A. smallerB. slowerC. f

22、asterD. cleaner( ) 10.A. stopB. hateC. dreamD. need（3）教育類Many people think the more time is spent, the more work will be done. So students have to _1_ the whole day doing school work except three meals.Modern students have many _2_. They love sports, computers and music. A two-day weekend can get th

23、em away from _3_ school work, and they can do what they like. But still teachers do not think about it. Students have so much homework that they have no time to _4_ themselves. Students are really hate doing their weekend homework. So they dont do it _5_ Sunday night. And there is not enough time to

24、 finish the homework _6_. The poor weekend homework usually makes teachers _7_.Too much school work make students _8_ interest in learning. Its also bad for their _9_. A horse runs faster after a rest. But for students only rest is not enough. So such a condition(狀況)should be changed to give student

25、s both _10_ and knowledge.( ) 1.A. takeB. costC. spendD. pay( ) 2.A. interestsB. booksC. pensD. friends( ) 3.A. too manyB. many tooC. too muchD. much too( ) 4.A. learnB. enjoyC. teachD. look after( ) 5.A. inB. withC. atD. until( ) 6.A. carefullyB. angrilyC. helpfullyD. widely( ) 7.A. happyB. weakC.

26、angryD. strong( ) 8.A. loseB. to loseC. losingD. lost( ) 9.A. headsB. ideasC. healthD. messages( ) 10.A. foodB. pleasureC. moneyD. subjects（4）健康保健類Early in the morning, at noon, or in the evening in big cities and in the countryside, all over the United States, you can see Americans running men and

27、women, young and old. People run _1_ along the beaches of California, 2 Central Park in New York, down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym. Some people even run in 3 living rooms.Running wasnt so popular in the past. In the 1960s, runners were mostly athletes and healthy strong people. When people saw a runner, they used 4 , “Hey, whats the hurry for？”or th