Unit 10--Teenager27s Nightmare.ppt

1、Teenagers Nightmare,Unit 10,Teenagers Nightmare,Warming-up,Reading,Language in Use,Project,Culture Tips,Homework,Introduction of Functions,Read the following instructions, and explain which one is direct (an explicit command), which one is a “soft” command, and which one is even “softer”.,Tom, close

2、 the door! Jane, can you close the door? Could you please close the door, Jack?,If you were the person spoken to, which instruction do you feel most acceptable?,Warming-up,In English, as in other languages, the types of vocabulary, structure, and tone used in conversation vary with the situation.,Do

3、 you object to coming here tomorrow morning? Do you mind coming here tomorrow morning? You are to come here tomorrow morning. You are supposed to come here tomorrow morning. Come here tomorrow morning! You should/ ought to come here tomorrow morning. You must come here tomorrow morning.,How do the f

4、ollowing statements differ in the degree of formality?,Would I be troubling you too much if I asked you to ? I was wondering if you could possibly ? Would there be any possibility of ? Would you be so kind as to ? Please be quiet, will you? Be kind enough to Would you please ? I want you to ,In smal

5、l groups, list more patterns and expressions that are used to make commands and requests.,Practice in pairs, making similar commands using tell him the truth, bring your notebook next time , in as many different ways as possible.,Positive Responses,Yes/Sure/All right. Certainly/Of course. By all mea

6、ns. No problem. Its a snap. Id be happy/glad to. My pleasure. Not at all/Of course not. No, I dont mind a bit. (In response to “Would/Do you mind ?”),Negative Responses,Im sorry I cant. No, Im afraid I cant. Id like to say yes, but thats just impossible. Id rather not if you dont mind. Certainly not

7、! Sorry, it cant be done/ helped. No way!,Responding to Demands,Make Your Own Dialogue,You and your partner are talking about your last exam. Make a dialogue using the cues given on page 137.,Talking About School Tests in a Hypothetical Environment,Study the cartoons. Make a story and then tell it t

8、o your classmates.,Quotable Quote,Can you think of any Chinese proverbs with the same or similar philosophy?,No pains, no gains.,(一份耕耘，一份收獲；種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆；一報(bào)還一報(bào)；梅花香自苦寒來。),In terms of university life, for a student, what can be considered as a pain and what as a gain?,Pains Gains,1._ 1. _ 2._ 2. _ 3._ 3.

9、_ 4._ 4. _,Reading,Pre-reading Tasks,Reading Comprehension,After-reading Tasks,Pre-reading Task,Do you like school examinations, why and why not? What are the stages of going through an examination? How do you feel when you take an examination? Which of the following words best describe your feeling

10、s?,apprehensive panic nervous worried excite frightened amazed terrible joyous scared,apprehensive: worried or nervous about something that you are going to do, or about the future,e.g. I often feel apprehensive when I am preparing for an exam because I dont know if I will pass it or not.,reading,In

11、troduction to the passage,As one of the most important procedure in education, exams are aimed to evaluate how well students have learn their subjects, not to make them suffer. But in reality, students are all afraid of exams. The author analyses why the most terrible time comes at the beginning and

12、 at the end.,Comprehension,Teenagers Nightmare,1 Taking exams must be one of the most frightening experiences that anyone must go through. It is not so much the actual taking of the exams themselves which is so awful, although of course they play a great part in the general feeling of fear; no, the

13、most awful time comes at the beginning and at the end.,Comprehension,2 The beginning is the time when you are meant to revise. Revision is a terrible time both if you revise and if you dont. Firstly, if you revise, concentrating on a pile of A4 pages covered in your untidy handwriting, you suddenly

14、wish not only that you had written everything down a bit more clearly, but also that you had started revision a lot earlier. However, once resigned to the fact that you cant put the clock back, you prepare to give yourself up to full and thorough revision, putting aside all else in life. Of course,

15、such a hard decision is absolutely impossible to carry out, although you do try to fool yourself that you can undertake it easily. You let your attention wander away easily, finding you have a sudden, irresistible urge to tidy up your room, even though it has looked like a pigsty for the last three

16、months.,Comprehension,3 When you are tempted away from your studying by such strange amusements, you are moving onto the territory of the second group concerning revision those who know they need and should get down to hard studying, but somehow have neither got the determination nor the willpower t

17、o force themselves to sit down for hours on end digesting the delights of pure mathematics. Now, this second group in which we have all found ourselves from time to time suffer the most severe guilt complexes over their lack of revision. Although they are aware that they should be studying they cann

18、ot somehow bring themselves to the awful task; temptation has won over what they know they should be doing, and in a way they suffer far more than those who eventually find the willpower and determination to sit down and revise.,Comprehension,4 The end of the exam procedure, which is in some cases w

19、orse than the revision period, is awaiting the results. While waiting you cant do much about your own school work. You feel that it is very hard to resist the temptation to light a fire with all your notebooks and files instead of logs, but at the same time you feel that you had better keep all your

20、 notes safe in case you discover you have failed and need to re-take all your subjects. The worst day of all is the one when you know that the postman is to deliver the letter (always in a brown envelope to make it look more official and frightening) which will inform you whether the academic world

21、(and society in general) considers you a failure or a success, whether you can get the job you want, or go to the university you wish to attend. That envelope is to contain the key to your future and, perhaps most importantly of all, to inform you whether you need to suffer again the horrors of exam

22、s.,Comprehension,Words (在.中)起作用 e.g.Thequestionofcostwillplayanimportantpartinourdecision.,BACK,Comprehension,4. revise 1) Toreview,tostudylessonsagainusu.beforeanexam. 2) Toreconsiderandchangeormodify:,BACK,Comprehension,5. once resigned to the fact Beresignedtosth / doingsth-bereadytoendureor tole

23、ratesth準(zhǔn) 備忍受或容忍某事；甘心情愿. e.g.sheseemedresignedtonothavingholidaythisyear. Shes resigned to spending Christmas on her own. Sam was resigned to the fact that he would never be promoted.,BACK,a resigned look, voice etc shows that you are making yourself accept something that you do not like: “Well have

24、to leave,” she said with a resigned sigh.,Comprehension,6. give yourself up to Giveoneselfuptosth.：Todevote(oneself)completely: e.g.Mymotherisateacher.Shegivesherselfuptoteaching.,BACK,Comprehension,7. putting aside 撇開；置之不理；把放在一邊 e.g.Themanagerhadtoputhisworkasideforatimeforanurgent accident.,BACK,S

25、1,Comprehension,8. undertake totakeuporaccept Undertakeatask/responsibilityfor 9. have a sudden, irresistible urge to Haveanurgetodo: haveastrongdesire or animpulse to do Ihadanurgetotellhimthetruth.ButIheldback. He could no longer resist the urge to go and see Amanda. Suddenly she had an overwhelmi

26、ng urge to be with her son.,BACK,S2,Comprehension,10. are tempted away from Temptsbawayfrom:toattractsb.todosomethingmorepleasant butunwise e.g.arivalcompanyhastriedtotempthimawayfromhispresentjobwithmoremoney.,BACK,Comprehension,11. move onto the territory of moveintothesituationof 12. get down to

27、giveseriousattentionto認(rèn)真對(duì)待,認(rèn)真考慮 get down to sth. Its time we got down to work. We need to get down to some serious talking. get down to doing something I always find it hard to get down to revising. e.g.Ireallymustgetdowntopreparingformyfinals.,BACK,Comprehension,13. on end withoutstopping;continuou

28、slyAftertheexam,heplayedcomputergamesforhoursonend. 14. digesting the delights of pure mathematics Thenarratorisbeingironicinsayingthis.Theabstractmathematicsisprobablyenjoyableonlyformathematicsgeniusesratherthan ordinaryteenagers.,BACK,S1,Comprehension,15. guilt complexes:guiltcomplexes:Acomplexis

29、apsychologicaloremotionalproblem. Thepersonwhosuffersacomplexisusuallyseverelyobsessedwithaparticularconcern.Inthetext,thewritermeansthatthosewhofailto workhardforexaminationswouldkeepfeelingguiltyabouttheirlack ofwillpower.Thephraseistheauthorscoinageoutofthephrase OedipusComplex. OedipusComplex 戀母

30、情結(jié) ElectraComplex 戀父情結(jié),BACK,S1,Comprehension,16. bring themselves to the awful task bringthemselvestotask:persuadethemselvestoworkonthe task 17. awaiting await:amoreformalphraseforwaitfor,BACK,BACK,devote whole energy to,1. However, once resigned to the fact that you cant put the clock back, you pre

31、pare to give yourself up to full and thorough revision, putting aside all else in life.,pay no attention to,然而, 一旦接受時(shí)光不能倒流的事實(shí), 你就得認(rèn)命地全身心投入到復(fù)習(xí)中去，把生活中的其他一切都拋到一邊。,accept sth. unpleasant without complaint,Difficult Sentences,make neat,2. You let your attention wander away easily, finding you have a sudd

32、en, irresistible urge to tidy up your room, even though it has looked like a pigsty for the last three months.,You let your attention move away from revision easily, and suddenly feel a strong need which is hard to resist to make your room neat, even if it has looked like a pigsty for the last three

33、 month.,你很容易走神，會(huì)猛然間感到有一種不可抵擋的欲望要去整理房間，盡管三個(gè)月來這房間就一直亂得像個(gè)豬圈。,strong wish /need,move away,3. those who know they need and should get down to hard studying, but somehow have neither got the determination nor the willpower to force themselves to sit down for hours on end digesting the delights of pure mat

34、hematics.,those who know they need and should begin to work hard on their study, but somehow they lack determination and willpower to force themselves sit there continuously for hours, taking delight in doing abstract mathematics.,The narrator is being ironic in saying this. The abstract mathematics

35、 is probably enjoyable only for mathematics geniuses rather than ordinary teenagers.,continuously,begin to work hard on sth.,那些知道自己需要也應(yīng)該認(rèn)真刻苦地學(xué)習(xí)，但既無決心又無毅力迫使自己坐下來幾小時(shí)不間斷地去品嘗純數(shù)學(xué)的樂趣的那些人。,3. those who know they need and should get down to hard studying, but somehow have neither got the determination nor t

36、he willpower to force themselves to sit down for hours on end digesting the delights of pure mathematics.,4. Now, this second group in which we have all found ourselves from time to time suffer the most severe guilt complexes over their lack of revision.,A complex is a psychological or emotional pro

37、blem. e.g. inferiority , superiority ,Those who fail to work hard for examinations would keep feeling guilty of lacking willpower for revision.,現(xiàn)在, 我們時(shí)常會(huì)置身其中的這第二類人，會(huì)因?yàn)闆]能充分地復(fù)習(xí)而遭受負(fù)罪感的巨大磨難。,Comprehension,青少年的煩惱 1考試肯定是每個(gè)人經(jīng)歷過的最恐怖的事情之一。盡管考試是造成恐怖的重要因素，但它本身并不那么可怕；而考試前和考試后的時(shí)間才是最恐怖的。 2考試前指的是你得復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候。不管你復(fù)習(xí)不復(fù)習(xí)，它

38、都讓人難受。首先，如果復(fù)習(xí)的話，你得集中精力去看一堆寫滿潦草字跡的A4紙，你會(huì)突然希望自己當(dāng)初真該把筆記記得清晰一點(diǎn)，還希望自己該早一點(diǎn)開始復(fù)習(xí)。但是，一旦接受了時(shí)間不可倒轉(zhuǎn)的事實(shí)，你就得全身心投入到復(fù)習(xí)中去，把生活中的其它一切都拋到一邊。盡管你可以自欺欺人地覺得這樣做并不難，但事實(shí)上這么困難的復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃是根本實(shí)施不了的。你很容易走神，會(huì)猛然間有一種不可抵擋的欲望要去整理房間，盡管三個(gè)月來這房間就一直亂得像個(gè)豬圈。,BACK,Comprehension,3當(dāng)你被這奇異的消遣攪和得無法學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，你就正在步入第二類復(fù)習(xí)人員的圈子它是指那些知道自己需要也應(yīng)該認(rèn)真刻苦地學(xué)習(xí)，但既無決心又無毅力迫使自己坐下

39、來幾小時(shí)不間斷地去品嘗純數(shù)學(xué)的樂趣的那些人。我們置身其中的這第二類人時(shí)常會(huì)因沒能充分地復(fù)習(xí)而遭受負(fù)罪感的磨難。盡管他們很清楚自己應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)卻又不知怎么就是無法投身于這苦差事之中；誘惑戰(zhàn)勝了使命，在某種程度上，他們?cè)馐艿目嚯y遠(yuǎn)比那些有毅力和決心坐下來復(fù)習(xí)的人多。,BACK,Comprehension,4比考前復(fù)習(xí)階段更可怕的就是考試之后等待結(jié)果的日子。在等待的過程中，你干不成什么學(xué)習(xí)的事情。你發(fā)覺自己時(shí)時(shí)恨不得將所有的筆記本和文檔紙付之一炬，但轉(zhuǎn)而又覺得最好還是把它們保存下來以免考試不及格需要補(bǔ)考時(shí)還得用。最可怕的是你知道郵差給你送成績(jī)報(bào)告單的那天（棕色的信封通常使它更官方，更恐懼），它會(huì)告訴你學(xué)

40、術(shù)界（還有整個(gè)社會(huì)）是判你成功還是失敗，告訴你能否找到理想的工作，或進(jìn)入理想的大學(xué)。信封里裝著通往你未來的鑰匙，也許最重要的是，它告訴你是否還得再一次遭受考試的恐懼。（呂睿中譯，胡一寧審校）,BACK,reading,Story Reproduction,taking exam, the most awful experience revision or no revision, a hard decision to make suffering more if no revision suffering not finished even though exam finished painf

41、ul experience of waiting for the results,After-reading,You may refer to the cues listed on page 141.,1. Present your viewpoint clearly; 2. Defend your viewpoint reasonably with some instances; 3. Rebut the counterparts point; 4. Reaffirm your viewpoint.,Pros: Exams are necessary in study. Cons: Exam

42、s should be done away with as they are nightmares for students.,Activity: What is your opinion on examinations?,reading,Language in Use,Grammar Development,Vocabulary Building,Grammar,Modal Verbs,1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征 1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情， 只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。 2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought和have外，后面只能接不帶 to的不定式。 3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱、數(shù)的變化，即情

43、態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三 人稱單數(shù)不加-s。 4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式、分 詞等形式。,2、比較can和be able to 1）can/could表示能力、可能，只用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)(could)。 be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。如： They will be able to tell you the news soon. 2）只用be able to的情況： a. 位于助動(dòng)詞后 b. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后 c. 表示過去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí) d. 用于句首表示條件 e. 表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用was/were able to，不能用 could。如： He was able to flee

44、Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.,Grammar,3、比較may和might 1）may和might表示允許或請(qǐng)求，表示沒有把握的推測(cè)；may放在 句首，表示祝愿。如： May God bless you! He might be at home. 注意： might表示推測(cè)時(shí)，不表示時(shí)態(tài)，只是可能性比may小。 2）may/might as well，后面接不帶to的不定式，意為“不妨”。如： If that is the case, we may as

45、 well try.,Grammar,典型例題 Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. can D. will 答案B。 表可能性只能用may，此句意可從后半句推出。,Grammar,4、比較have to和must 1) 兩詞都是“必須”的意思，have to表示客觀需要， must表示說話人 的主觀看法，即主觀上的必要。如： My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.

46、 我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生 請(qǐng)來。（客觀上需要做這件事） He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。 （主觀上要做這件事） 2) have to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但 must可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。如： He had to look after his sister yesterday. Dad said that I must finish my homework by 10.,Grammar,3）在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中： dont have to表示“不必”，mustnt表示 “禁止”。如： Yo

47、u dont have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。 You mustnt tell him about it. 你一定不要把這件事告訴他。,Grammar,5、must表示推測(cè) 1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測(cè)，意為“一定”。 2) must表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，后面通常 接系動(dòng)詞be的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。 You have worked hard all day, you must be tired. He must be working in his office. 比較：He must be staying

48、there. 他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。 He must stay there. 他必須呆在那。,Grammar,3) must表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，接完成式。如： I didnt hear the phone. I must have been asleep. 我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。 4) must表示對(duì)過去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，must后面要接不定 式的完成進(jìn)行式。如： -Why didnt you answer my phone call? -Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it. 5) 否定推測(cè)用cant

49、。如： If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet. 如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開這兒，他此時(shí)一定還未到家。,Grammar,6、表示推測(cè)的用法 can, could, may, might, must皆可表示推測(cè)，其用法如下： 1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測(cè)，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。如： I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan. 2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)。如： At this moment, our t

50、eacher must be correcting our exam papers. 這時(shí)，我們老師想必在批改試卷。 3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)。 表示對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)。如： The road is wet. It must have rained last night. 地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。,Grammar,4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 表示對(duì)過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。如： Your mother must have been looking for you. 你媽媽一定一直在找你。 5）推測(cè)的否定形式、疑問形式用cant, couldnt表示。 Mike cant have

51、found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning. 邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥砩习嗟摹?注意：could, might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài)，其可能性比can, may小。,Grammar,8、should和ought to should和ought to都為“應(yīng)該”的意思，可用于各種人稱。如： -Ought he to go? -Yes. I think he ought to. 表示要求、命令時(shí)，語氣由should（應(yīng)該）、had better（最 好）、must（必須）漸強(qiáng)。,Grammar,BACK,la

52、nguage,Vocabulary,Compound Words (2),shoot,out,shoot-out,verb,adverb,noun compound,Vocabulary,1. What are the meanings of the following words? You may use a dictionary for help.,die-hard breakdown drawback set-up break-up farewell standstill feedback,Vocabulary,2. Complete the sentences using the wo

53、rds in Exercise 1.,die-hard, breakdown, drawback, set-up, break-up, farewell, standstill, feedback,1. The great to living on a main road is the constant noise. 2. Whats the in your company? 3. We need more from the consumer in order to improve our goods. 4. A few are trying to stop the reforms. 5. O

54、ur car had a on the motorway. 6. Work is grinding into a . 7. The president gave a speech yesterday. 8. The of their marriage surprised no one.,drawback,set-up,feedback,die-hards,breakdown,standstill,farewell,break-up,language,Culture Tips,Related Information Oedipuscomplex:Inpsychoanalytictheory,ad

55、esireforsexualinvolvementwiththeparentoftheoppositesexandasenseofrivalrywiththeparentofthesamesex.ThetermwasintroducedbySigmundFreudinhisInterpretationofDreams(1899)anditsderivedfromthemythologicalOedipus,whokilledhisfatherandmarriedhismother;itsfemaleequivalentistheElectracomplex.Consideredanormals

56、tageinthedevelopmentofchildrenages3-5,itendswhenthechildidentifieswiththeparentofthesamesexandrepressesitssexualinstincts.FreudbelievedthattheprocessofovercomingtheOedipuscomplexgaverisetothesuperego.(p.1184,Merriam-WebstersCollegiateEncyclopedia,2000),Oedipus complex,Culture Tips,The book introduces Freuds theory of theunconsciouswith respect todre