初中英語(yǔ)句子成分

1、初中英語(yǔ)句子成分,句子的成分：句子的成分是指組成句子的各個(gè)部分，即：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)）、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。 主要成分：主語(yǔ) 和 謂語(yǔ) 次要成分：表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ) 等,(一)主語(yǔ)Subject：主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主要成分，也是句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，表示句子所說(shuō)的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。,1. Tom is a good boy. (名詞) 2. We often speak English in class. (代詞) 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. (數(shù)詞) 4.

2、 To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) 5. Smoking does harm to the health. (動(dòng)名詞),6. The rich should help the poor. (名詞化形容詞) 7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主語(yǔ)從句) 8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式),（二）謂語(yǔ)Predicate：謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的

3、動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”，一般由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)，一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：,1.簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。例如： I like apples. ( 動(dòng)詞 ) He practices running every morning. （動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）,2.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)： （1）由（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形）構(gòu)成； You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由（系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)）構(gòu)成。 We are having a

4、 quick breakfast.,（三） 表語(yǔ)Predicative：表語(yǔ)用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、身份、特征和狀態(tài)等，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”。它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等）之后。表語(yǔ)須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，即成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。,1. My mother is a doctor. (名詞) 2. Is it yours? (代詞) 3. The weather has turned cold. （形容詞） 4. The speech

5、 is exciting. （現(xiàn)在分詞） 5. The door is closed. （過(guò)去分詞） 6. Three times seven is twenty one. （數(shù)詞）,7. His job is to teach English. （不定式） 8. His hobby is playing football. （動(dòng)名詞） 9. The machine must be out of order. （介詞短語(yǔ)） 10. Time is up. The class is over. (副詞) 11. The truth is that he has never been abroad

6、. （表語(yǔ)從句）,（四）賓語(yǔ)Object ：賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面,和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”，如：,1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名詞） 2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. （代詞） 3. How many dictionaries do you have? I have three. （數(shù)詞）,4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名詞化形容詞） 5. He pretended not to see me. （不定式） 6. I enjoy listening to popular music. （動(dòng)名詞） 7. I think (that) he is fit for this