（柳州專版）2020版中考英語奪分復(fù)習(xí)第一篇語法突破篇語法互動(dòng)13簡單句課件.pptx

1、語法互動(dòng)13簡單句,第一篇語法突破篇,簡單句共有五種基本句型:陳述句(肯定句和否定句)、疑問句(一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句)、祈使句和感嘆句。這些句型在中考中都有所涉及。,考點(diǎn)一陳述句的五種基本句型,【針對訓(xùn)練】,連詞成句 根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的中文提示,將所給的英文意群連接成正確的句子。 1.a writer, she, is, (她是一個(gè)作家。) 2.the children, are, running (孩子們在跑步。) 3.we, the piano, play (我們彈鋼琴。),She is a writer.,The children are running.,We pl

2、ay the piano.,4.red,passed,to,me,some,pencils , she (她遞給我一些紅色的鉛筆。) 5.reading the book, find, written, it, by Lu Xun, difficult, to finish, you, may (你可能覺得讀完魯迅寫的這本書是困難的。),She passed some red pencils to me.,You may find it difficult to finish reading the book written by Lu Xun.,考點(diǎn)二there be句型,there be結(jié)

3、構(gòu)常用來表示“某地存在著某物/某人”,其基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物/某人+地點(diǎn)狀語+時(shí)間狀語”?，F(xiàn)將這一句型的幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)歸納如下: 1.there be結(jié)構(gòu)的主語 (1)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中,be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是主語,這些名詞通常要用表示泛指的限定詞(如a, an, some, any, all, 基數(shù)詞等)來修飾,不能用表示特指的限定詞(如the, this等)修飾。如: There is a/one bike under the tree. 樹下有一輛自行車。,(2)there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語不能是人稱代詞、專有名詞以及被物主代詞或名詞所有格修飾的名詞。如果要說明專有名詞、

4、物主代詞以及被限定的名詞在某處,要用“某人/某物+be+地點(diǎn)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。如: Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中國東部。,2.there be結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語 (1)there be結(jié)構(gòu)中的be是謂語動(dòng)詞,它在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與其后的主語(名詞)保持一致,即主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is,主語是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。其句型結(jié)構(gòu)的變化通過be動(dòng)詞的變化來體現(xiàn)。如: There is some water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一些水。 There isnt an apple in the bag. 包里沒有蘋果。 Are there an

5、y differences between Japanese and Chinese? 日語和漢語之間有區(qū)別嗎? How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少名學(xué)生? (2)there be結(jié)構(gòu)常見的時(shí)態(tài)有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等,時(shí)態(tài)的變化都是通過be動(dòng)詞來完成和體現(xiàn)的。,3.there be和have/has的區(qū)別 (1)there be和have/has都可作“有”講,但have/has表示所屬關(guān)系,而there be則表示客觀上的存在,不說明所屬關(guān)系。如: There is a pen on the d

6、esk. 桌上有一支鋼筆。(強(qiáng)調(diào)筆的位置) I have a pen. 我有一支鋼筆。(強(qiáng)調(diào)鋼筆屬于我) (2)當(dāng)主語是物或時(shí)間,且表示整體與局部的關(guān)系時(shí),there be可與have互換使用。如: There are 20 classes in our school.=Our school has 20 classes. 我們學(xué)校有20個(gè)班。,【針對訓(xùn)練】,1.2019福建 There a large bowl of jiaozi on the table. A.isB.are C.be,A,解析考查主謂一致。在there be句型中,be動(dòng)詞的變化與其后的主語保持一致,本句中主語為a la

7、rge bowl,故be動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用is。故選A。,2.Excuse me. Is there a bank near here? . Its just between my house and a post office. A.Yes, it is B.No, there isnt C.Yes, there is,解析考查there be句型用法。由答語可推知:用there be句型的肯定回答形式。Is there?的肯定回答是:Yes, there is。故 選C。,C,考點(diǎn)三陳述句,陳述句用來說明事實(shí)、看法,描述動(dòng)作、狀態(tài),闡明道理、原因等。它有兩種形式,即肯定句形式和否定句形式。,注意

8、1. no, little, few, never等詞,本身表示否定意義。如: I will never forget it. 我將永遠(yuǎn)銘記在心。 2.如果陳述句中含有be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,在它們后面加not便可構(gòu)成否定句;如果陳述句中的謂語是行為動(dòng)詞,在謂語動(dòng)詞之前加do的適當(dāng)形式再加not構(gòu)成否定句。,考點(diǎn)四疑問句,疑問句是用來提出問題的,按其所提出的不同問題,可分為以下4種: 1. 一般疑問句,【針對訓(xùn)練】, you the Chinese Culture Festival in the Central Square? Yes. It was really a great succ

9、ess. A.Are; attendingB.Will; attend C.Did; attend,C,解析考查一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)。由答語可知,這是一般過去時(shí)的一般疑問句。故選C。,2. 特殊疑問句,【針對訓(xùn)練】,1.2018梧州 students are there in your class? Fifty. A.How many B.How much C.How long,A,解析考查疑問詞組辨析。how many 意為“多少”,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式;how much意為“多少”,修飾不可數(shù)名詞;how long意為“多長;多久”,用于詢問物體或時(shí)間的長度。由答語“Fifty.”可知問句問的是

10、數(shù)量。故選A。,2. times have you visited Gansu Science Museum? Only once. A.How oftenB.How many C.How long,解析考查疑問詞組辨析。根據(jù)答語“Only once. (只有一次。)”可推測出問句在詢問“你參觀過多少次甘肅自然博物館”。故選B。,B,3. have you talked with your friends on WeChat? Since I finished my homework. A.How far B.How often C.How long,解析考查疑問詞組的用法辨析。答語是sinc

11、e引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,表示一段時(shí)間,故用how long提問。故選C。,C,4.2019北京改編 Excuse me, is this T-shirt? Its 88 yuan. A.how muchB.how many C.how long,解析考查疑問詞組。根據(jù)答語“88 yuan”.推斷上句是詢問價(jià)格,應(yīng)用how much。故選A。,A,5. does Liu Chuanjian do? Hes a pilot of Sichuan Airlines. Hes a hero! A.WhatB.Where C.When,解析考查疑問詞辨析。由答語可知問句問的是職業(yè),詢問職業(yè)的問句有: Wh

12、at be + sb.? What do/does sb. do? What is sb.s job? 故選A。,A,3. 選擇疑問句 提出兩種或兩種以上的情況, 要求對方選擇其一的問句稱為選擇疑問句。選項(xiàng)之間用or連接,回答不用yes或者no, 而需要根據(jù)具體的選擇來作答。選擇疑問句可以分為以下兩種:,(續(xù)表),【針對訓(xùn)練】,1.Do you prefer to hang out with friends or stay alone? . Im an outgoing girl. A.Yes, I do B.Neither C.I like to go out with my friends

13、,C,解析考查選擇疑問句。問句是一個(gè)選擇疑問句,故答語不能用yes或no來回答,故排除選項(xiàng)A;由答語中的“an outgoing girl”可知“愿意外出”。故選C。,2.Lucy, do you want to join the art club or the chess club? . I like drawing pictures. A.Yes, I doB.The art club C.No, I dont,解析考查選擇疑問句。該問句為選擇疑問句,因此其答句選擇其中的一個(gè),而不是用yes或no來回答;又根據(jù)答語“我喜歡畫畫”可知選B。,B,4.反意疑問句 反意疑問句常常跟在陳述句之后,

14、對陳述句的內(nèi)容提出疑問。陳述部分為肯定句,反意疑問部分則用否定結(jié)構(gòu),反之亦然。其常用結(jié)構(gòu)如下:,(續(xù)表),(續(xù)表),(續(xù)表),(續(xù)表),(續(xù)表),(續(xù)表),反意疑問句的答語, 若與陳述部分表達(dá)意思一致, 用yes;若與陳述部分表達(dá)的意思相反,用no。如: Daming can run really fast, cant he? 大明跑得非常快,是嗎? Yes, he can.是的,他跑得很快。/No, he cant.不是的,他跑不快。 She doesnt like dancing, does she? 她不喜歡跳舞,是嗎? Yes, she does.不,她喜歡跳舞。/No, she do

15、esnt. 是的,她不喜歡跳舞。,【針對訓(xùn)練】,1.Steven had nothing for breakfast this morning, ? No. Because he had a fever. A.had heB.did he C.didnt he,B,解析考查反意疑問句。前肯定,后否定;前否定,后肯定。前句中nothing表示否定,所以后面簡短的疑問用肯定形式,且根據(jù)had可知句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),后面用助動(dòng)詞did。故選B。,2.He has few friends in his new school, ? A.hasnt heB.does he C.is he,解析考查反意

16、疑問句。反意疑問句的規(guī)則是:“前肯后否,前否后肯”,few本身表示否定意義,表示“幾乎沒有”,而陳述句的謂語動(dòng)詞用的是動(dòng)詞has,所以反意疑問句助動(dòng)詞用does,故選B。,B,3.There is little money for Mr. Lee to buy a ticket for todays show, ? Exactly! A.are there B.isnt there C.is there,解析考查反意疑問句。在反意疑問句中,前面的陳述句中l(wèi)ittle表示否定意義,故后面的簡略問句要用肯定形式,且前后的be動(dòng)詞要一致。故選C。,C,4. There is little pollu

17、tion in that village, ? No. The air there is quite fresh and clean. A.is there B.isnt there C.is it,解析There be結(jié)構(gòu)的反意部分應(yīng)為“is there”或“isnt there”,陳述部分含有否定副詞little,符合“前否后肯”的原則。故選A。,A,5. Professor Tu Youyou never stops doing research on Chinese medicine, ? A.is she B.does she C.isnt she,解析本句屬于“前否后肯”型的反意疑

18、問句,前面有否定詞never,說明附加問句中應(yīng)用肯定形式。前面的行為動(dòng)詞stops說明附加問句中應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞does。故選B。,B,6.He can hardly stay awake because he is so tired, ? A.is he B.isnt he C.can he,解析句子中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,且“hardly”是含有否定意義的副詞,前否后肯。故選C。,C,考點(diǎn)五祈使句,(續(xù)表),【針對訓(xùn)練】,1.2019桂林 more books, and you will improve your reading skills. A.ReadingB.Read C.Reads,B,解

19、析考查祈使句。祈使句的肯定句以動(dòng)詞原形開頭。故選B。,2.2019青海 on the grass. Its a rule of the park. A.StepB.Dont step C.To step,解析考查祈使句。祈使句的否定句結(jié)構(gòu)是dont+動(dòng)詞原形。故選B。,B,3. me a chance and Ill bring you a surprise. A.GiveB.Giving C.To give,解析考查祈使句。祈使句的句首是動(dòng)詞的原形。故選A。,A,4.Mom, can I play computer games this evening? your homework firs

20、t, and then well talk about it. A.FinishingB.Finish C.To finish,解析考查祈使句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知考查的是祈使句,祈使句中動(dòng)詞要用原形。故選B。,B,考點(diǎn)六感嘆句,(續(xù)表),【針對訓(xùn)練】,1.2018百色 beautiful shoes she is wearing! I think so. A.WhatB.What a C.How,A,解析考查感嘆句。感嘆句用what還是how來感嘆,取決于感嘆部分。這句話中感嘆部分是“形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”,故使用what來感嘆。故選A。,2.I watched the live(直播) NBA

21、 game last night. How about you? Of course I did. amazing game it was! A.What anB.How an C.What,解析考查感嘆句。感嘆句句式結(jié)構(gòu):What+a/an+adj.+名詞單數(shù)+其他!amazing以元音音素開頭,冠詞用an。故選A。,A,3.2019桂林 nice weather it is! Lets go out for a picnic. A.WhatB.How C.What a,解析考查感嘆句。感嘆句用what還是用how來修飾,取決于感嘆部分。這句話感嘆部分是“形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞”,應(yīng)用what來修飾。故選A。,A,4.Have you seen the movie Amazing China? Yes. an exciting one! A.WhatB.How C.When,解析考查感嘆句的用法。感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu): How+adj./adv.+主語+謂語!和What+ a/an+adj.+n.+主語+謂語!/ What+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞/名詞復(fù)數(shù)+主語+謂語!該句為省略了主語和謂語的句子,被感嘆的部分為