《TCPIP及子網(wǎng)劃分》PPT課件.ppt

1、第三章基于TCP/IP的互連網(wǎng)絡(luò),通過本章的學(xué)習(xí)，您應(yīng)該掌握以下內(nèi)容： 了解TCP/IP協(xié)議棧 各個(gè)分層的主要功能 IP協(xié)議的應(yīng)用,本章目標(biāo),TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)傳輸控制協(xié)議/互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，是美國國防部高級(jí)研究計(jì)劃局的研究結(jié)果。,TCP/IP介紹,主機(jī),Internet,TCP/IP,主機(jī),TCP/IP介紹,TCP/IP協(xié)議是當(dāng)今應(yīng)用最廣泛的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議 局域網(wǎng)和廣域網(wǎng)中都在使用 UNIX操作系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是采用TCP/IP協(xié)議組網(wǎng) 現(xiàn)在的Windows系列操作系統(tǒng)也把TCP/IP協(xié)議作為主要的組網(wǎng)協(xié)議 在Int

2、ernet中使用的也是TCP/IP協(xié)議 TCP/IP協(xié)議實(shí)際上是一個(gè)包含了許多方面標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)議的集合 以最具代表性的TCP協(xié)議和最基本的IP協(xié)議來命名,TCP/IP 協(xié)議族,7,6,5,4,3,2,5,4,3,2,應(yīng)用層,表達(dá)層,會(huì)話層,傳輸層,網(wǎng)絡(luò)層,數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層,物理層,1,應(yīng)用層,傳輸層,網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口層,1,網(wǎng)絡(luò)層,應(yīng)用層概述,* 路由器使用,應(yīng)用層,傳輸層,網(wǎng)絡(luò)層,數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層,物理層,文件傳輸 - TFTP * - FTP * - NFS E-Mail - SMTP 遠(yuǎn)程登陸 - Telnet * - rlogin * 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理 - SNMP * 名稱管理 - DNS*,傳輸層概述,Transm

3、ission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP),應(yīng)用層,傳輸層,網(wǎng)絡(luò)層,數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層,物理層,面向連接 非面向連接,TCP 數(shù)據(jù)格式,源端口(16),目的端口(16),順序序號(hào)(32),數(shù)據(jù)包頭(4),確認(rèn)序號(hào)(32),預(yù)留信息 (6),代碼位(6),緩沖值 (16),效驗(yàn)位(16),優(yōu)先級(jí) (16),可選項(xiàng) (定義TCP數(shù)據(jù)段的最大尺寸032),上層數(shù)據(jù)(可變),20Bytes,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,端口號(hào),TCP,端口號(hào),FTP,傳輸層,TELNET,DNS,SNMP,TFTP,SMTP,U

4、DP,應(yīng)用層,21,23,25,53,69,161,RIP,520,DNS（UDP;名字解析；TCP;服務(wù)器區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)換）,TCP 端口號(hào),源端口,目標(biāo)端口,Host A,1028,23,SP,DP,Host Z,Telnet Z,目標(biāo)端口 = 23.,發(fā)送 SYN (seq=100 ctl=SYN),接收 SYN,發(fā)送 SYN, ACK (seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack),建立會(huì)話 (seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack),Host A,Host B,接收 SYN,TCP 三次握手,滑動(dòng)窗口 = 1,發(fā)送方,接收方,發(fā)送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,發(fā)送 AC

5、K 2,發(fā)送 2,接收 2,接收 ACK 3,發(fā)送 ACK 3,發(fā)送 3,接收 3,接收 ACK 4,發(fā)送 ACK 4,TCP 簡(jiǎn)單確認(rèn),TCP 順序號(hào)和確認(rèn)號(hào),源端口,目標(biāo)端口,順序號(hào) #,確認(rèn)號(hào) #,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,2,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,12,Seq.,2,Ack.,我已收到 #11, 現(xiàn)在我需要 #12.,我發(fā)送 #11,Window size = 3 Send 2,TC

6、P 窗 口,發(fā)送方,Window size = 3 Send 1,Window size = 3 Send 3,ACK 3 Window size = 2,數(shù)據(jù) 3 被丟棄,Window size = 3 Send 4,Window size = 3 Send 3,ACK 5 Window size = 2,接收方,沒有順序號(hào)和確認(rèn)號(hào),UDP 數(shù)據(jù)格式,源端口(16),目的端口(16),長度(16),上層數(shù)據(jù) (可變),1,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,效驗(yàn)位(16),8Bytes,網(wǎng)絡(luò)層概述,OSI 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層對(duì)應(yīng)的是TCP/IP的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層,網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議(IP) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息控制協(xié)

7、議(ICMP) 地址解析協(xié)議IP-MAC(ARP) 地址解析協(xié)議(RARP),應(yīng)用層,傳輸層,網(wǎng)絡(luò)層,數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層,物理層,IP 數(shù)據(jù),版本(4),目的IP地址(32),選擇功能項(xiàng) (0 or 32 if any),數(shù)據(jù) (可變),1,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,頭長度(4),優(yōu)先級(jí)和 服務(wù)類型(8),總長度(16),標(biāo)識(shí)(16),標(biāo)志(3),段位移(13),有效時(shí)間(8),上層傳輸協(xié)議(8),頭效驗(yàn)(16),源IP地址(32),20Bytes,決定上層協(xié)議,協(xié)議域,傳輸層,網(wǎng)絡(luò)層,TCP,UDP,協(xié)議號(hào),IP,17,6,ARP協(xié)議,映射 IP Ethernet Loc

8、al ARP,,IP: Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111,,IP: = ?,RARP協(xié)議,映射 Ethernet IP,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP: 5,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ?,我的地址是多少？,我聽到了廣播你的地址是 5.,斷點(diǎn)連接需要確定的地址 路徑選擇 Location is represented by an address,TCP/IP地址介紹,,172.18

9、.0.1,,,,,SA,DA,HDR,DATA,,,,,問題回顧,TCP協(xié)議和UDP協(xié)議有和不同？,第四章IP地址劃分及子網(wǎng)分配,通過本章的學(xué)習(xí)，您應(yīng)該掌握以下內(nèi)容： 掌握IP地址分類，子網(wǎng)掩碼的作用，識(shí)別網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào)、主機(jī)標(biāo)識(shí)號(hào)，子網(wǎng)的數(shù)目 學(xué)會(huì)在路由器的端口正確設(shè)置IP地址和子網(wǎng)掩碼,本章目標(biāo),IP 地 址,255,255,255,255,十進(jìn)制,最大值,Network,Host,1286432168421,11111111,1111

10、1111,11111111,11111111,10101100,00010000,01111010,11001100,二進(jìn)制,32 bits,172,16,122,204,十進(jìn)制,二進(jìn)制,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1286432168421,1286432168421,1286432168421,IP 地址分類,1,A類地址:,Bits:,0NNNNNNN,Host,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (1-126),1,B類地址:,Bits:,10NNNNNN,Network,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Rang

11、e (128-191),1,C類地址:,Bits:,110NNNNN,Network,Network,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (192-223),1,D類地址:,Bits:,1110MMMM,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (224-239),主機(jī)地址,,0,2,,1,18,E1,172.16,12,12,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機(jī),.,.,網(wǎng)

12、絡(luò),端口, ,E0 E1,路由表,,,E0,11111111,計(jì)算可用的主機(jī)地址,172 16 0 0,10101100,00010000,00000000,00000000,16151413121110 9,87654321,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機(jī),00000000,00000001,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110,.,.,00000000,00000011,11111101,1,2,3,65534,65535,65536,-,.,2,65534,N,2N-2 = 216-2 = 65534

13、,IP地址分類練習(xí),地址,類別,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機(jī),,00,4,,6,20,IP地址分類練習(xí)（答案）,地址,類別,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機(jī),,00,4,,6,20,A,B,C,C,B,Nonexistent,,,,,,,00,0.0.0

14、.64,,6,網(wǎng)絡(luò) ,,不設(shè)子網(wǎng)的地址,,,,.,53,54,網(wǎng)絡(luò) ,設(shè)置子網(wǎng)的地址,,,,,子網(wǎng)地址,00,,60,,,00,50,E0,172.16,網(wǎng)絡(luò),網(wǎng)絡(luò),端口,172.1

15、6.0.0 ,E0 E1,新路由表,2,160,主機(jī),.,.,,E1,子網(wǎng)地址,00,,60,,,00,50,,E0,E1,172.16,2,160,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機(jī),.,.,網(wǎng)絡(luò),端口, ,E0 E1,新路由表,子網(wǎng),子網(wǎng)掩碼,255,255,0,0,IP地址,默認(rèn)子網(wǎng)掩碼,擴(kuò)展8位的 子網(wǎng)掩碼,Network,Host,Network,Host,Network

16、,Subnet,Host,“/16” 表示子網(wǎng)掩碼有16位.,“/24”表示子網(wǎng)掩碼有24位.,11111111,11111111,00000000,00000000,十進(jìn)制和二進(jìn)制的轉(zhuǎn)換,10000000=128 11000000=192 11100000=224 11110000=240 11111000=248 11111100=252 11111110=254 11111111=255,128 6432168421,16,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機(jī),172,0,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,00000000,000000

17、00,10100000,00000000,00000000,缺省情況下子網(wǎng)未劃分,00000010,缺省情況下的子網(wǎng)掩碼,60,,網(wǎng)絡(luò)號(hào),擴(kuò)展了8位地址的網(wǎng)絡(luò),利用子網(wǎng)掩碼劃分子網(wǎng),16,網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機(jī),60,,172,2,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,00000000,00000000,00000010,子網(wǎng),網(wǎng)絡(luò)號(hào),128 192 224 240 248 252 254 2

18、55,利用子網(wǎng)掩碼劃分子網(wǎng),網(wǎng)絡(luò),主機(jī),60,92,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,子網(wǎng),擴(kuò)展了10位地址的網(wǎng)絡(luò),16,172,2,128,網(wǎng)絡(luò)號(hào),128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255,128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255,廣播地址,,,,172.16.4.

19、0,55 (Directed broadcast),55 (Local network broadcast),X,55 (All subnets broadcast),地址匯總示例,16,172,2,160,10101100,00010000,10100000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,4,1,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10

20、100000,11000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,7,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111

21、,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,

22、92,1,2,3,4,5,6,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,10000001,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,5,6,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,

23、11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,10000001,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111111,1

24、0101100,00010000,00000010,10000001,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,16,172,2,160,地址匯總示例,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10101100,00010000,

25、00000010,10111111,10101100,00010000,00000010,10000001,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,28,91,29,90,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,16,172,2,160,IP Host Address:21 Subnet Mask: ,Subn

26、et Address = Host Addresses = 54 Broadcast Address = 55 Eight bits of subnetting,Network,Subnet,Host,10101100,00010000,00000010,11111111,21:,:,10101100,11111111,Subnet:,10101100,00010000,00010000,11111111,00000010,00000010,11111111,0111

27、1001,00000000,00000000,B類地址子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃,Broadcast:,Network,子網(wǎng)劃分,Other subnets,6,2,8,20 子網(wǎng) 5 主機(jī)/子網(wǎng) C類地址： ,11111000,IP Host Address:21 Subnet Mask: 48,Network,Subnet,Host,21:,11000000,11111111,Subnet:,11000000,10101000,10101000,111

28、11111,00000101,00000101,11111111,01111001,01111000,48:,C類地址子網(wǎng)規(guī)劃,Subnet Address = 20 Host Addresses = 2126 Broadcast Address = 27 Five Bits of Subnetting,Broadcast:,Network,Network,11000000,10101000,00000101,01111111,子網(wǎng)掩碼練習(xí),地址,子網(wǎng)掩碼,類別,子網(wǎng),172.16

29、.2.10,0,2,,,,子網(wǎng)掩碼練習(xí)（答案）,地址,子網(wǎng)掩碼,類別,子網(wǎng),0,0,2,,,,B,A,A,,,,廣播地址練習(xí),地址,類別,子網(wǎng),廣播地址,0,48,子網(wǎng)掩碼,,,128.16.

30、32.13,52,7,28,廣播地址練習(xí)（答案）,27,地址,類別,子網(wǎng),廣播地址,0,48,C,3,6,子網(wǎng)掩碼,,,A,55,,3,52,B,5,2,7,28,B,,路由器操作模式,Routerenable,Router#config terminal,進(jìn)入特權(quán)模式,進(jìn)入全局模式