牛津譯林版8B Unit2 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.ppt

1、Present perfect tensesince and for,8BUnit 2 Grammar 2,I have been to _. We have been in _ for five days.,The Great Wall,We use have (has) been to express the idea that someone went to some place and has already come back.,某人去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。,We use have (has) gone to express the idea that someone went t

2、o some place and is still there.,某人去了某人，現(xiàn)在仍然在那兒，還沒回來(lái)。,Daniel: (1)_ you ever _(be) to Hongkong, Millie? Millie: No, but I (2)_(be) to Australia with my parents. Daniel: Oh, thats great! (3)_ you _(visit) the famous Opera House in Sydney?,Have,been,have been,Have,visited,Millie: Yes, we (4)_ (be) to t

3、he Opera House. It was wonderful! Look at the photos. Daniel: Wow! The Opera House is really wonderful, and you look great in the photos. Have you visited any other interesting places?,have been,Millie: We (5)_(be) to the beach. Look at this one. Isnt it beautiful? Daniel: Yes, the beach is very bea

4、utiful. I saw Andy there, too. Millie: Yes. He (6)_(go) there with his family.,have been,went,Daniel: Really? I (7)_(not see) him for some time. He (8)_(not come) back yet. Millie: He and his family (9)_(go) to Shanghai to visit his grandparents. They will come back tomorrow morning.,havent seen,has

5、nt come,have gone,小試身手,選用have been to或have gone to的適當(dāng)形式填空。,1.My father Beijing. He will be back in two days. 2.The Greens the USA twice. 3.A:Where is your aunt now?I havent seen her for a long time. B:She Xiamen. _ you ever _ Hong Kong Disneyland? 5.A: Tom Nanjing? B:Yes. He hasnt come back yet.,has

6、 gone to,have been to,has gone to,Have,been to,Has,gone to,Step 一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)復(fù)習(xí) 用法1：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的含義是表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。特點(diǎn)是既涉及過(guò)去，又聯(lián)系現(xiàn)在：動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，結(jié)果是現(xiàn)在存在的。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has (not) +V-ed（過(guò)去分詞）,Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has cleaned the blackboard. (他已經(jīng)擦過(guò)黑板了。)這句話所表示的結(jié)果是黑板現(xiàn)在是干凈的。,用法 2：表示動(dòng)作

7、或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至將來(lái) He has taught here since 1993. He has taught here for about 20 years. Mike has studied in this school since last year. Mike has lived in that village for nearly ten years.,Mike borrowed the books two days ago.,Mike has kept the books for two days.,We have learnt English _ 3 years

8、. _ 3 years ago. _ we _(come)here,for,since,came,_,How long have you learnt English?,for + 一段時(shí)間 since + 過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)/句子 就畫線提問(wèn)用how long,since,Step 二、 for 用法 1、當(dāng)我們談?wù)撘欢螘r(shí)間時(shí)用for ,談?wù)撨^(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)用 since 1).Mr Dong has lived here for many years . 2).Mr Dong has lived here since he was born . 2、一些動(dòng)詞如come ,go, leave ,但它們?cè)?/p>

9、肯定句中不能與for， since 連用。 1).He has left Beijing for a week . 2). He has not left Beijing yet. 3). He has been away from Beijing for a week.,4.He has bought a car since 2007 . 5. He has not bought any car since 2007 . 6. He has had a car since 2007 . 3、 for 和 since 的用法及區(qū)別 1. since 的四種用法 1).since + 過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)

10、間點(diǎn)（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、 eg. 1990 , last month , half past six I have been here since 1990. 1990起，我一直在這兒。 2). since+ 一段時(shí)間+ago I have been here since five months ago. 自從五個(gè)月前，我已經(jīng)在這兒了。,3).since+從句 Great changes have taken place since you left. 自從你走后，已經(jīng)發(fā)生了很大的變化。 4).It is +一段時(shí)間+since 從句 It is two years since I

11、became an English teacher. 我成為英語(yǔ)老師有兩年了。 4、for 和 since 區(qū)別 1),Since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)，具體時(shí)間，“ 自從、以來(lái)，從、以后”,用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間 I have been in Beijing since 2010. 2),For + 時(shí)間段 ，用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度 ，因此句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，也應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。,I have been in Beijing for one year。 We have learnt English for about three years. I have been here for 3 days. (對(duì))

12、 I have arrived here for 3 days.（誤） 5、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞 英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞按其動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)程的長(zhǎng)短，可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞。 1),延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等,2),終止性動(dòng)詞也稱非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞或短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束。如open, close, finish, begin

13、, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。 6、延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法特征 1).延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其完成時(shí)態(tài)可與表示“段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用。表示“段時(shí)間”的短語(yǔ)有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。 如：I have learned English since I came here.自從我來(lái)到這兒就學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。,2),延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與表示短暫時(shí)間的“點(diǎn)時(shí)間”狀語(yǔ)連用。如： It raind at eig

14、ht yesterday morning.(誤) rain為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而at eight表示點(diǎn)時(shí)間，前后顯然矛盾。如果用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示一瞬間的動(dòng)作，可以借助come, begin, get等終止性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示。上句可改為：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：,-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then youve known each other for more than two years. -Thats right. 7.終止性動(dòng)詞的用法特征 1).終止性動(dòng)詞可

15、用來(lái)表示某一動(dòng)作完成，因此可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如： The train has arrived.火車到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入電腦小組了嗎？ 2).終止性動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作極其短暫，不能持續(xù)。因此，不可與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用(只限肯定式)。如：,(1)他死了三年了。 誤：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three ye

16、ars has passed since he died. (2)他來(lái)這兒五天了。 誤：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.,Step 三 常見的非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。,buy have go out be out leave be away begin/start be

17、on come/go be in/at borrow keep join be a member of/be in die be dead catch a cold have a cold become be fall asleep be asleep open be open get to know know close-be closed arrive-be in/at get married-be married fall illbe ill get upbe up catch a coldhave a cold,例子： 1.I have borrowed the book for 2

18、weeks. ( ) 2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( ) 句中終止性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。,kept,been on,had,been,been in,been dead,Step 四、 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換 1.They got married three years ago. They _ _ married for three years. 2.We began to learn English in 2008. We _ _ English since 2008. 3.I borrowed that book last week. I _ _ th

19、at book since last week. 4.Simon fell ill last month. Simon _ _ ill since last month. 5.She joined the Reading Club last term. She _ _ _ the Reading Club since last term.,have been,have learned,have kept,has been,has been in,6. He came to our village two years ago. He our village since two years ago

20、. 7.He left home three days ago. He home for 3 days. 8.I bought the watch 2 weeks ago. I the watch since 2 weeks ago. 9.It is 5 days since I borrowed the book. I the book for 5 days. 10.The meeting began 10 minutes ago. The meeting _ _ _ for 10 minutes.,has been in,has been away from,have had,have k

21、ept,has been on,11.I got to know him 10 years ago I him for 10 years. 12.There is a factory. There a factory for 20 years. 13.Our school opened in 1960. Our school since 1960. 14.That old man died 3 years ago. That old man _ _ _ for 3 years. 15.Kitty arrived in Hongkong two days ago. kitty _ _ _ Hon

22、gkong for two days. 16.The conference stopped last Saturday. The conference _ _ _ since last Saturday.,have known,has been,has been open,has been dead,has been in,has been over,1. 這輛自行車我買了兩年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.,2. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.,3. The monk

23、ey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.,4. A: Hong long _ you _ ( ) B: For two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been ill,練一練：,had for,has been away from,has been dead,D,Step 五、 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。,遇到y(tǒng)esterday, last year, in+過(guò)去某一年，two days ago, th

24、e other day, just now等就用一般過(guò)去時(shí),當(dāng)有already ever for just yet never since recently so far before(in/during/over the past ten years 等常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),1.-Have you _ the bike? -Yes ,I _ it 10 minutes ago.(mend) 2.-I have _ the film “Titanic”. -When _ you _ it?(see) 3.Im sorry, I havent got any money.Ive_ (leave ) my han