九年級(jí)英語全冊(cè)Unit3Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes知識(shí)重點(diǎn)2人教新目標(biāo)版

1、unit 3 teenagers should be allowed tochoose their own clothes目標(biāo)語言（target language） 1. i think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive 我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該允許16歲的孩子開車。 2. i disagree. i think sixteen is too young. 我不同意，我認(rèn)為16歲這個(gè)年紀(jì)太年輕了。 3. do you think thirteen-year-olds should be allowed to have part-time jobs ?

2、你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該允許13歲的孩子們做兼職工作嗎？ 4. no, i dont. 不，我認(rèn)為不應(yīng)該。 5. anna is allowed to wear her own clothes. 安娜可以選擇自己的衣服。 6. they are not serious enough at that age. 那個(gè)年齡的他們不夠穩(wěn)重。 7. what rules do you have at home? 你家有什么規(guī)定嗎？ well , im not allowed to go out on school nights. 噢，我在周一至周五不能外出。 詞匯和短語（vocabulary and expressi

3、ons） allow 允許 drive 架車 pierce刺穿 license 執(zhí)照 driver司機(jī) silly愚蠢的、傻的 earring 耳環(huán) concentrate集中 volunteer自愿、志愿者 local地方的 perform表演 primary初級(jí)的 go out with their friends 和朋友一塊出去 part-time jobs 兼職工作 drivers license 駕駛執(zhí)照 get their ears pierced 穿耳孔 choose ones own clothes 選自己的衣服 sixteen-year-olds 十六歲的孩子 seem to

4、 好像 at that age 在那個(gè)年齡 so do we 我們也一樣 get to class late . 上課遲到 fail a test 考試不及格 be strict with 對(duì)要求嚴(yán)格 the other day 前幾天 get to doing sth 著手做某事 look smart 看起來整潔 concentrate on 關(guān)注 be a good way to do 是的好方法 its a good idea for sb. to do 是的好主意 get noisy 變得嘈雜 at present 目前 have an opportunity to do sth .

5、有做的機(jī)會(huì) be a good experience for sb. 對(duì)來說是很有意義的經(jīng)歷 take time to do things 花費(fèi)時(shí)間做事情 old peoples home 敬老院 be sleepy 睏 after a long week of classes 上完一周課之后 have friday afternoons off 周五放假語法內(nèi)容：一. 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1. “語態(tài)”表示主語和謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語中有“兩態(tài)”的說法，即主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)，本單元中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的should be allowed 就是一個(gè)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（should）的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 先看幾個(gè)基本概念 主語

6、是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài) 主語是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài) 只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 2. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 （1） the office is cleaned every day . the office was cleaned yesterday. compare active and passive： 動(dòng)作的接受者the office成了句子的主語，就應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。從上面的例句我們可以總結(jié)： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為：主am / is / are （not）過去分詞 一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)為：主was / were 過去分詞 如：butter is made from milk. this h

7、ouse was built 100 years ago. 以前我們學(xué)過的was / were born 生于，就是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)born是個(gè)過去分詞（bear） when were you born ? i was born in 1989. 如果要特別強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或行為的執(zhí)行者，句子后面需接by ，譯為“被（由）” 如：we were woken up by a loud noise . 我們被嘈雜的聲音吵醒。 （2） 從上面例子，我們可以看出，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為 主語is / am / are + being 過去分詞 再如： my car is being repaired now.

8、 some new houses are being built near the park. 公園附近在建一些房子。 （3） 從上面例子，我們可以看出現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為 主語have / has been 過去分詞 如： my key has been stolen. my keys have been stolen. i am not going to the party, i havent been invited. 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞be過去分詞 a note had better be left to him. teenagers should be allow

9、ed to wear their own clothes 這里我們列舉了幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)，那么其它時(shí)態(tài)呢？ 一般將來時(shí) 主語will be 過去分詞 過去將來時(shí) 主語would / should + be 過去分詞 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 主語was / were + being 過去分詞 過去完成時(shí) 主語had + been +過去分詞 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)是由be的時(shí)態(tài)決定的，be是什么時(shí)態(tài)，全句就是什么時(shí)態(tài)，be動(dòng)詞后面的過去分詞不變。 歸納： 肯定句：主語be + 過去分詞(by ) 否定句：主語be not 過去分詞(by ) 一般疑問句：be 主語過去分詞(by )? 特殊疑問句：疑問詞be主語過去分詞

10、(by ) 3. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法： （1）不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰，不用by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者短語 such books are written for children. 這些書是為兒童寫的。 i havent been told about it . 沒有人告訴我這件事 （2）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，這時(shí)應(yīng)用by短語。 the cup was broken by david. （3）作客觀說明時(shí)，常采用一種被動(dòng)語態(tài)句型 its / was said / believed / reported / + that its reported that about three hundred peo

11、ple were killed in this earthquake. 據(jù)報(bào)道，這次地震中大約有三百人死亡。 4. 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài) 把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的方法是： （1）把原句中的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z （2）動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)形式，即be+過去分詞 （3）原來的主語，如果需要的話，放在by后面，如果沒必要，可省略。 注意事項(xiàng)： 主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng) 從主動(dòng)語態(tài)到被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過程中主語、謂語動(dòng)詞、賓語都發(fā)生變化。 注意主格與賓格的變化形式。 注意主語的人稱及數(shù)的變化對(duì)be動(dòng)詞帶來的影響。 注意be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式取決于原主動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式。 5. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種類型 （1）有兩個(gè)賓語的

12、句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（直接賓語，間接賓語） 常見的接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞有 通常這種句子可以改為以“人”當(dāng)主語；和以“物”當(dāng)作主語的兩種被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 如：he gave me a book. i was given a book by him. （以i做主語） a book was given to me by tom. （以物book作主語） he teaches us english. we are taught english by him. （以人當(dāng)主語） english is taught us by him. （以物作主語） （2）含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子的被動(dòng)語態(tài) keep, make 三類的動(dòng)詞常

13、常有賓語補(bǔ)足語，在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語位置不變。 we keep food fresh in the fridge. 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ) food is kept fresh in the fridge. i saw him go into the office building. he was seen to go into the office building. 英語中有“十大動(dòng)詞”的說法，即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，這些詞在主動(dòng)句中，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式不加to，但變被動(dòng)句

14、時(shí)必須加to. （3）含有短語的主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài) 不及物動(dòng)詞沒有賓語，因此沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。但有的不及物動(dòng)詞后面加上介詞及其他一些詞類構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞之后，其作用相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以接賓語，因而也可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。在變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不能去掉構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞 they take good care of my child. my child is taken good care of 他們把我的孩子照顧得很好。 i turned off the radio. the radio was turned off (by me). 附：動(dòng)詞短語的被動(dòng)語態(tài) take care of be taken

15、care of cut down be cut down laugh at be laughed at look afterbe looked after 下列這些短語本身即是被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式，不需再加by be covered with 用覆蓋著 be interested in 對(duì)感興趣 be surprised at 對(duì)感到驚奇 be made of （from）用制造的 （4）由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞形成的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的句子在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加上be動(dòng)詞即可，其句型如下： 肯定句：主語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can , may , must）+be+ 過去分詞 否定句：主語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞not +

16、 be + 過去分詞 疑問句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（can , may , must ）主語be過去分詞. 如：we should allow teenagers to surf the internet . teenagers should be allowed to surf the internet. can you use it ? 你會(huì)使用它嗎？ can it be used ? 6. 不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的幾種情況 （1）當(dāng)主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語是反身代詞和相互代詞時(shí)，不能改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 他在鏡中看見了自己的模樣。 we often help each other. 我們常?；ハ鄮椭?。 （2）當(dāng)謂語是表

17、狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)（如have , like , take place , belong to ） 如： i like these flowers. 我喜歡這些花。 i will have a meeting. 不說a meeting will be had. 應(yīng)說a meeting will be held . 二. 重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)： 1. the other day 我們還可以說the other day , morning , week , month. 不久前的一天，一個(gè)上午、一個(gè)星期、一個(gè)月等 i saw him in london the other day. 我最近有一天在倫敦見過他。

18、 2. get to 著手做某事 and i got to talking about the rules he got to doing the homework after supper. 3. concentrate on sth . 專注于某事（做某件事而不做其他事） he decided to concentrate on english because he just failed the exam. 他決心專攻英語因?yàn)樗麆倓偪荚嚥患案瘛?this company concentrate on the chinese market. 這家公司把重點(diǎn)集中在中國市場(chǎng)。 4. be go

19、od for 對(duì)有好處 有益于（that is good for studying ） this kind of food is good for me. 這種食物對(duì)我身體有益 sunshine is good for plants. 陽光對(duì)植物有益。 5. its a good idea for sb. to do sth. 做對(duì)來說是個(gè)好主意（its also probably a good idea for parents to allow ） its a good idea for us to travel to the south. 6. get noisy 變得嘈雜（i know

20、we got noisy sometimes , ） noise noisy 7. learn from 向?qū)W習(xí)，從中學(xué)習(xí) but we learn a lot from each other. we should learn from our mistakes. 我們應(yīng)從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)。 8. at present . （at present theyre too short. ） at present 此刻、現(xiàn)在at this time , now i cant help you at present im too busy 我現(xiàn)在幫不了你實(shí)在太忙了。 9. have an opportuni

21、ty to do sth. 有做的機(jī)會(huì) have no opportunity to do 沒機(jī)會(huì)做 i hope to have an opportunity to go to the states. i have no opportunity to have a talk with her. 注意：文中在談?wù)搶頃r(shí)，用了一些動(dòng)詞過去式和would + 動(dòng)原的形式 這是虛擬語氣。表示對(duì)將來的一種假設(shè)。 本單元其他句型結(jié)構(gòu)： 1. sixteen-year-olds十六歲的青少年 它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞 相當(dāng)于sixteen -year- old kids. “一個(gè)16歲青少年的表達(dá)方式” a ki

22、d sixteen years old a kid of sixteen a kid of sixteen years old. a sixteen-year-old kid 2. stop doing (section a 2a） he should stop wearing that silly earrings. 停止做某事 we two stopped talking. 我們倆個(gè)停止了談話。 3. 主seem to do sth . 好像 his temperature seems to be all right. 他的體溫好像完全正常。 seem其他用法 （1）seem+形容詞 the question seems quite easy. 那個(gè)問題好像很容易。 （2）seem+名詞 that seems a good idea. 那好像是個(gè)好主意。 （3）it seems + that 從句 it seemed that nobody knew anything about the matter. 看來沒有人知道這件事。 4. so do we (section a 3a） so do we 為倒裝句，其結(jié)構(gòu)是so + be 動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語，在時(shí)態(tài)上應(yīng)