9aunit2grammar.ppt

1、Grammar,Unit 2 Colours,1. Some people believe that colours can influence our moods. 2. She hopes that yellow can bring her success.,3. He is glad that the walls in his room are blue. 4. She is sure that yellow can bring her good luck.,Object clauses introduced by that,賓語(yǔ)從句放在及物動(dòng)詞后做賓語(yǔ)，如say, find, know

2、, think, believe, hope, notice， mean.,賓語(yǔ)從句也可以放在這些形容詞后：如certain, sure, sad, glad.,什么是賓語(yǔ)從句？,試比較：,We know him,We know he likes English.,主s,主s,謂v,謂v,賓o,賓o,賓語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子來(lái)構(gòu)成主句的賓語(yǔ),簡(jiǎn)單句,復(fù)合句,賓語(yǔ)從句是指一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，在主句與從句之間有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞。,賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ),從句放在主句之后,前后不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。,Conclusion(1):,What is Object Clause?,1. 陳述句用_來(lái)引導(dǎo)，

3、在口語(yǔ)中?？墒÷浴?that,連詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，只起連接主、從句的作用，它本身無(wú)意義，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。 e.g. He says (that) he is a Young Pioneer. 他說(shuō)他是個(gè)少先隊(duì)員。,一、引導(dǎo)詞本身的省略與不省略 1. 可以省略,2. 不可以省略 從句的主語(yǔ)是that時(shí)，that不省略。 e.g. We know that that is an interesting story 我們知道那是一個(gè)有趣的故事。,二、何時(shí)使用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，表示陳述一件事，即由陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)。,e.g. He says (that)

4、he is listening to the weather report 他說(shuō)他正在聽(tīng)天氣預(yù)報(bào)。 1. 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think, hear, hope, wish, remember, forget, know, say, guess等時(shí)，常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 e.g. I hope (that) he will be fine soon 我希望他很快好起來(lái)。,三、that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相關(guān)的內(nèi)容 1. 語(yǔ)序 不論什么情況下，賓語(yǔ)從句都要用陳述句語(yǔ)序，即“主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其它”。 e.g. Do you think (that) the radio is too noisy? 你認(rèn)為收

5、音機(jī)太吵嗎？,Millie: Did you know there is a relationship rlenp between colours and moods? Sandy: Certainly. I think colours influence our everyday lives in many ways. Millie: How should we choose the colours for the rooms of a house? Sandy: Most people think light colours are better than dark ones. Milli

6、e: Yes. I notice light colours make rooms seem larger. Sandy: Sure. I also know blue can make us feel relaxed Millie: Yes. My mum says blue is suitable for bedrooms. I also find some people prefer orange for their dining rooms. Sandy: True, but it depends on personal taste. Anyway, we should choose

7、the colour which makes us fell comfortable., (that), (that), (that), (that), (that), (that), (that),whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，表示“是否”，在口語(yǔ)或間接引語(yǔ)中兩者可以互換使用。其語(yǔ)序必須是陳述句語(yǔ)序，即“連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分”。 e.g. Ask him whether / if he can come. 問(wèn)下他是否能來(lái)。,3. 賓語(yǔ)從句中要用_ 語(yǔ)序.,Conclusion(2):,注意： whether和if都是“是否”的意思，一般情況下兩者可以換用，但在 _之后 ,

8、_之前， 與_ 連用， 在句首或在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，只能用 whether。,2. 一般疑問(wèn)句我們要用_或 _ 來(lái)引導(dǎo),if,陳述句,whether,介詞,不定式,or或or not,The Class 1, Grade 9 students are shopping. Complete the sentences by using if or whether to make object clauses.,Problems about shopping,1. Kitty cannot decide _ _,if/whether she should choose the red dress.,S

9、hould I choose the red dress?,2. Sandy doesnt know _ _,if/whether white clothes suit her.,Do white clothes suit me?,vt. 適合,su:t,3. Amy is asking _ _,if/whether the sports bag is made of cotton.,Is the sports bag made of cotton?,4. Simon is not sure _ _,if/whether the green T-shirt matches his trouse

10、rs.,Does the green T-shirt match my trousers?,5. Daniel often wonders _ _ _,if/whether he should stay at home instead of going shopping with his classmates.,Should I stay at home instead of going shopping with my classmates?,Daniel wants to tell his online friend Tommy about colours. Help him comple

11、te his email using that, if or whether.,How much do you know about colours?,Dear Tommy, Have you ever noticed the colours around you? Colours are really interesting. A report says (1)_ blue can help us feel relaxed because it represents peace. You may wonder (2)_ it represents anything else. Yes. Bl

12、ue also means sadness. I do not know (3)_ you like green.,that,if/whether,if/whether,Some people think (4)_ green can give us energy, but it also represents envy. Did you know(5)_ red represents good luck in China?It is often used for celebrations! Please tell me your favourite colour and (6)_ you k

13、now anything else about colours. Write back soon. Best wishes, Daniel,that,that,if/whether,n. 慶祝,Daniel has some questions about colours to ask his dad, but his dad has not come home yet. Help him write a note for his dad.,1. Dad knows a lot about colours. 2. Is red just the colour of heat and power

14、? 3. Was yellow once the colour of the rulers in ancient China? 4. Did the rulers in ancient Europe like to wear purple? 5. Do all the doctors in the world wear white uniforms?,adj. 古代的,ennt,I believe (1) _. I wonder (2) _ _. I want to know (3) _ _. I do not know (4) _ _. I am not certain (5) _ _.,i

15、f/whether red just the colour of heat and power,that Dad knows a lot about colours,if/whether yellow was once the colour of the rulers in ancient China,if/whether the rulers in ancient Europe like to wear purple,if/whether all the doctors in the world wear white uniforms,2. 時(shí)態(tài) that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從

16、句可以用符合句意要求的任一時(shí)態(tài)。 e.g. He says (that) they have returned already. 他說(shuō)他們已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。,如果主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式（一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。 e.g. He said (that) he bought a new dictionary. 他說(shuō)他買(mǎi)了本新詞典。,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí),一般過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),一般將來(lái)時(shí),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),He says that Tom often plays basketball on the playgro

17、und. He said that Tom often played basketball on the playground.,He says that Tom will play basketball on the playground tomorrow,He said that Tom would play basketball on the playground tomorrow,He says that Tom is playing basketball on the playground .,He said that Tom was playing basketball on th

18、e playground .,He says that Tom has played basketball on the playground for four hours.,He said that Tom had played basketball on the playground for four hours.,注如果從句表達(dá)的是客觀事實(shí)、真理、等等，盡管主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 e.g. Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 我們老師告訴我們，光比聲音傳播 得快。,但要注意在以下幾種情況下。

19、在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。 直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理自然現(xiàn)象、名言、警句、格言、諺語(yǔ)。 The earth moves around the sun, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun 。 直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in th

20、e street。 直接引語(yǔ)中有具體的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 20, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。,直接引語(yǔ)如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning 如果直接引語(yǔ)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式（例：ought to， had

21、 better, used to)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could, should, would, might）不再變。 Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。,3. 賓語(yǔ)從句中要用_ 語(yǔ)序.,Conclusion(2):,注意： whether和if都是“是否”的意思，一般情況下兩者可以換用，但在 _之后 , _之前， 與_ 連用， 在句首或在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，只能用 whether。,2. 一般疑問(wèn)句我們要用_或 _ 來(lái)引導(dǎo),if,陳述句,whether

22、,介詞,不定式,or或or not,Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.,但在有些情況下，whether和if的用法 有一定區(qū)別。 whether引導(dǎo)的從句?？梢耘c連詞or 或or not直接連用，而if一般不能。 如： 正：Let me know whether you can come or not. 誤：Let me know if you can come or not.,2. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用 whether引導(dǎo)，而不能用if。如：

23、 正：Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 誤：If it is true or not, I cant tell. 3. whether可以引導(dǎo)帶to的不定式，if則 不能。如： 正：I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 誤：I dont know if to accept or refuse.,4. whether及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之 后，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，但if不能。如： 正：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 誤：I worry about if I

24、 hurt her feelings. 5. whether可以引導(dǎo)從句，作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ) 或同位語(yǔ)，而if不能。如： 正：It was uncertain whether he would come. 誤：It was uncertain if he would come.,一、根據(jù)首字母或中文提示寫(xiě)單詞。 1. I had very little contact with teenagers in my e_ life. 2. There was a _ (慶祝活動(dòng)) in that shopping mall that night. 3. These a_ weapons are all c