牛津英語7A英語語法過去完成時(shí)

1、牛津英語7a英語語法(四) 過去完成時(shí)一概念：表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作就用過去完成時(shí)。其構(gòu)成是had（通用于各種人稱和數(shù)）+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。二句式：1. 陳述句肯定式： 主語+had+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他成分they had already had breakfast before they arrived at the school.在他們到達(dá)學(xué)校之前，他們已經(jīng)吃早飯了。i had finished writing my homework .我已經(jīng)寫完了我的作文。she had searched the internet for three hours when sh

2、e found the picture當(dāng)她找到了相片時(shí)，她已經(jīng)在因特網(wǎng)上查詢了三個(gè)小時(shí)。iwent over what i had written again and again so that i wouldnt make any mistakes.我一遍又一遍地檢查了我所寫的內(nèi)容，以至我沒有出現(xiàn)任何錯(cuò)誤2陳述句否定式：主語+had+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他成分he remembered i hadnt told him the truth yet.我記得我沒有告訴他真相。he said that he had never seen such a beautiful girl befor

3、e.他說他以前從來沒有看過這樣美麗的女孩兒。3一般疑問句: had +主語 + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他成分had you reached the cinema before six oclock?到六點(diǎn)以前，你們已經(jīng)到達(dá)電影院了嗎？4. 特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞+had+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+其他成分how many english films had you seen by the end of last term?到上學(xué)期期末為止，你們看了多少部英文片？三用法1. 過去完成時(shí)常常用在間接引語里，放在 said , told , asked , thought 等過去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的后面。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)指的

4、是在談話或產(chǎn)生想法之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：i thought i had returned the book a week before . 我認(rèn)為我一星期前就已把書還了。he said that he had helped her already . 他說他已經(jīng)幫助過她。2.在包含有 when , before , after , until 等連詞的復(fù)合句中，如果主句謂語和從句謂語表示的過去動(dòng)作是不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的，那么更先發(fā)生的動(dòng)作通常用過去完成時(shí)表示。如：when i woke up , it had already stopped snowing .我醒來時(shí),雪已經(jīng)停了.(雪停是發(fā)生在我

5、醒來之前,可能剛停不久,也可能停了很久了。)when he had finished his homework he played outside . 他完成作業(yè)之后才出去玩兒。（做作業(yè)發(fā)生在出去玩之前）3表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本”，“未能we had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.4. 過去時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：時(shí)間點(diǎn)與過去時(shí)連用，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在這一點(diǎn)上；時(shí)間點(diǎn)與過去完成時(shí)連用，表示動(dòng)作完成于這一點(diǎn)上。如：at six ocl

6、ock he did his homework . 他在六點(diǎn)鐘做作業(yè)。at six oclock he had done his homework . 他在六點(diǎn)鐘時(shí)已經(jīng)做完了作業(yè)。時(shí)間段與過去時(shí)連用，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在這段時(shí)間的某一 點(diǎn)或這段時(shí)間的始終；時(shí)間段與過去完成時(shí)連用，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在這段時(shí)間完成。如：i learned english during my summer holidays . 我在暑假里學(xué)過英語。i had learned english during my summer holidays 我在暑假里學(xué)會(huì)了英語。5過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：before, by, unt

7、il , when, after, once, as soon as。he said that he had learned how to cook before.他說他以前學(xué)過如何烹飪。by the time he was ten, he had began to make a living by himself. 當(dāng)他十歲的時(shí)候，他開始自己謀生。四注意：1. had no when還沒等就2. had no sooner than剛就3. 主語hadhardly(scarcely)過去分詞when(before)主語一般過去時(shí)。4. 主語hadno sooner過去分詞than主語一般過去

8、時(shí)。5. it was時(shí)間since主語過去完成時(shí)練習(xí)題 1. tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party. a. left； had arrived b. left； arrivedc. had left； had arrived d. had left； arrived2.the pen i _ i _ is on my desk，right under my nose.a. think； lostb. thought； had lostc. think； had lostd. thought；

9、 have lost3.by the end of last year i _ 100 articles.a. have writtenb. wrotec. writtend. had written4_ got into the room，_ the telephone rang.a. he hardly had；thenb. hardly had he；whenc. he had not；thatd. not had he；when5 helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.a. h

10、as left； comesb. left； had comec. had left； camed. had left； would come6. they asked me to have a drink with them. i said that it was at least ten years since i _ a good drink.a. had enjoyedb. was enjoyingc. enjoyedd. had been enjoying7.we _ four thousand new words by the end of last year.a. had learnedb. have learnedc. learnedd. will have learned8. the students _ busily when miss brown went to get a book she _ in the office.a. had written, leftb.were writing, has left c. had written, had leftd. were writing, had left9. they _ the work