高中英語必修一第五單元復(fù)習資料

1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero重點詞匯及短語1) mean adj. (1)吝嗇的， 小氣的 （反義詞：generous） be mean over/with sth. 在.方面很小氣、吝嗇 e.g. Hes always mean over/with money. 他很吝嗇錢。 (2)刻薄的，卑鄙的 be mean to 對.刻薄 e.g. 那女人對她繼子很刻薄。The woman is mean to her stepson.v. 意思是，意味著 mean to do sth. 打算做。 mean doing sth. 意味著。 e.g. 我不打算留

2、在這兒。 I didnt mean to stay here. 接受這工作意味著在國外居住。 Accepting this job means living abroad. 2) active adj. 積極的，活躍的，主動的be active in 積極從事 (= take an active part in )他工作積極。 He is active in work.3) devote vt. 獻身；專心于 （常與to 連用） devote oneself / sth. to (doing) sth. 致力于/獻身于/專心于 e.g. 你必須專心于學習。 You must devote yo

3、urself to your study. 他用課余時間學習英語。 He devoted his spare time to learning English. devote + 時間 + to (doing) sth. = spend + 時間 + in doing sth. devoted adj. 獻身的，專心于。的；忠實的；深愛的 (be devoted to 為。奉獻，忠于。，深愛。)devotion u.n. 奉獻，忠誠，熱心4) found vt. 建立；建設(shè) （- founded - founded ） 可建設(shè)、成立具體或抽象的東西。 e.g. found a hospital

4、 建立一座醫(yī)院 found a new society 建立一個新社會 foundation u.n.創(chuàng)立；成立 c.n.基礎(chǔ)；地基；根據(jù)；基金；基金會區(qū)別：find found found v. 找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)5) hopeful adj. 懷有希望的，有希望的 be / feel of/about/that 對抱希望或持樂觀態(tài)度 e.g. 對未來充滿希望 be about the future 我對這次考試取得好成績充滿希望。 Im that Ill get a good mark in this exam.6) vote c.n. 選票；表決；投票；選舉權(quán) vi./vt. 投票；選舉e.g.

5、 你還太小，不能投票。 You are too young to vote. 常用結(jié)構(gòu)： (1) vote on “就投票” e.g. 我們將就此計劃投票。 Well vote on the plan. (2) vote for / against + sb./sth./doing sth. “投票贊成(支持)/反對”e.g. 他投票反對那個計劃。 He voted against the plan. (3) vote + n./pron./ to do / that clause “投票決定，投票” e.g. 我們投票決定舉行一個晚會來籌款。 We voted to hold a party

6、 to collect money.7) blow up (blow blew blown) (1) 使充氣 e.g. blow up the tyre/balloon 給輪胎/氣球充氣 (2) 爆炸，炸毀 (vi./vt.) e.g. The bomb/ship blew up. 炸彈/船爆炸。 The bridge/railway was blown up. 那橋/鐵路被炸毀了。8) equal (1) adj. 相等的；平等的 e.g. equal pay for equal work 同工同酬 Women and men are equal. 男女平等。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：be equal to

7、 + sb. / sth. / doing sth. “相當于；能勝任” e.g. 一刻鐘相當于15分鐘。A quarter is equal to 15 minutes. 他能勝任這工作。 He is equal to (doing) this work. A be equal with B. “A與B平等” e.g. 窮人與富人是平等的。 The poor are equal with the rich. (2) vt. 等于；比得上 e.g. Three times three equals nine. 3乘以3等于9. 誰也比不上她漂亮。 No one can equal her in

8、 beauty. (3) c.n. 平等的人/物 e.g. 男女平等。 Women are equals of men. equally adv.平等地 equality n. 平等9）in trouble 在危險、受罰、痛苦、憂慮、不幸、有麻煩等的處境中 詞語積累： out of trouble 走出困境 get (sb.) into trouble （使某人）陷入困境 ask for trouble / look for trouble 自找麻煩 make trouble 制造麻煩；搗亂10）willing adj. 樂意的；自愿的 e.g. willing workers 志愿工作者 常

9、用結(jié)構(gòu)： be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事 e.g. 他總是樂于助人。 Hes always willing to help others.11) turn to + n./pron./doing sth. (1) 求助于 e.g. 他求助于老師給他一些建議。 He turned to the teacher for advice. 如果你不懂這個詞，請查字典。If you dont know the word, turn to the dictionary. (2) 轉(zhuǎn)向 e.g. 向左轉(zhuǎn) turn to the left 他的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向那個可愛的小男孩。 His at

10、tention turned to the lovely boy. (3) 翻到 e.g. 翻到50頁 turn to page 50 (4) 變成 e.g. 雪很快變成了雨。 The snow turned to rain soon.12) escape vi.(= run away) 逃離 （常與from連用）e.g. escape from prison / a cage vt. 逃避，逃脫 + n./doinge.g. 沒人逃得過死亡。 No one can escape death. 那小鳥逃不過被殺。 The bird cant escape being killed.13) ed

11、ucate vt.教育；訓練 常用結(jié)構(gòu): educate sb. (to do sth.) 教育某人（做某事） e.g. 我們的父母總是教育我們要尊重老人家。 Our parents always educate us to respect the old. educate oneself 自學 educator n. 教育家，教育者 education n. 教育，培養(yǎng)，訓練14) beg vt./vi. 乞討；乞求；懇求；拜托 (-gg-) 常用結(jié)構(gòu):beg (for) sth.) (from/of sb.) （向某人）乞求/乞討（某物）e.g. 他非常窮，所以不得不乞食。 He was

12、so poor that he had to beg (for) his bread. 他依靠向富人行乞為生。 He made a living by begging from the rich.beg sth. (of sb.) 懇求某人某事 e.g. I beg a favour of you. 我有事求你。beg (of) sb.) to do sth. 懇求（某人）做某事e.g. She begged (of) me to stay. 她懇求我留下。 The children begged to come with us. 孩子們懇求與我們同來。beg + that clause 懇求

13、某事 （從句中常有情態(tài)動詞） The children begged that they might come with us.beggar n. 乞丐15) reward u.n. 報答，報償 c.n. 報酬，獎金 in reward (for.) 作為(.的)報酬 e.g. 他沒得到任何東西作為報酬。He got nothing in reward.vt. 給報酬；獎賞 常用結(jié)構(gòu):reward sb. with sth. 用獎賞某人reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因而獎賞某人e.g. 我們因為他幫助我們而獎給他一個獎品。 We rewarded him with a

14、 prize for helping us.16) set up 設(shè)立；建立 e.g. 建立一個醫(yī)院 set up a hospital 創(chuàng)立一個組織 set up an organization set up a new record 創(chuàng)一個新紀錄 set up 可建立建筑或組織等；build一般指建建筑。17) sentence c.n.句子；判刑，徒刑 e.g. He received a heavy sentence. 他受到重刑。 vt. 判決，宣判 e.g. 法官判處殺人犯死刑。 The judge sentenced the murderer to death. be sente

15、nced to 被判處 e.g. 殺人犯被判處死刑。The murderer was sentenced to death. 他被判監(jiān)禁2年。He was sentenced to 2 years in prison.18) opinion c.n./u.n. 意見，看法，主張 have a good / high / low / opinion of sb./sth. 對印象好/壞 have no opinion of sb./sth. 對印象不好 e.g. 他對我們學校印象很好。 He had a good opinion of our school. 他對你印象不好。 He has no

16、 opinion of you. in ones opinion / in the opinion of sb. 依某人看來 e.g. 依我看，這本書值得一讀。 In my opinion, this book is worth reading. give / express ones opinion on / upon 對發(fā)表意見重點句子1) He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way. 他為了自己的信念放棄了富裕的生活，并以和

17、平的方式使自己的國家擺脫了英國的殖民統(tǒng)治。 (Pre-reading)(be) free from . 不受。的影響，沒有。的 e.g. 這是一個無風的日子。 It is a day free from wind. 這個句子沒有錯誤。 The sentence is free from mistakes. 2) Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. (Reading) 當 “only + 狀語(即adv./介詞短語/狀語從句)”位于句首時，主句應(yīng)部分倒裝。（即把情態(tài)動詞、助動詞等提到主語之前。） e.g. I rea

18、lized that I was wrong only then. Only then did I realize that I was wrong. You can succeed only by working hard. Only by working hard can you succeed. I can believe it only when I see it myself. Only when I see it myself can I believe it. (狀語從句不倒裝，主句部分倒裝) Only you can help me. 只有你能幫我。(若置于句首的only修飾的詞不是狀語，則不用倒裝。) 3) I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.辨析：the first time