語法填空解題密詔.ppt

1、既然是利用語篇在語境中考語法, 那么, 我們?cè)诮忸}前要快速瀏覽短文, 以了解全文大意。這一步非常重要。,1.通讀全文, 了解大意,讀懂短文之后,要結(jié)合短文所提供的特定的語境(也就是上下文), 從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去分析思考空格所缺單詞在句中作何種句子成分，從而推出斷他的詞性,如缺主語或賓語,所填詞應(yīng)為代詞; 根據(jù)句子意義的完整性,去確定填一個(gè)表示什么意義的代詞、冠詞或介詞等; 根據(jù)句子與句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定具體要填哪個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞。在解題過程中,要先易后難。具體方法見“解題思路大全”。,2.試填空格,先易后難,在大部分空格填好后，再仔細(xì)推敲難題。此時(shí)難題也就不再難了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章從頭

2、至尾再復(fù)讀一遍進(jìn)行核查。,3.重讀全文, 解決難題,解答語法填空的基本功是懂得句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析, 準(zhǔn)確理解句子意思, 善于把握上下句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。以下按命題形式和考點(diǎn)類型的不同探討解題思路和解題技巧。,是指“在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~”這類題,五年來,這類題只考代詞、冠詞、關(guān)聯(lián)詞和介詞。那么什么情況下填代詞?何時(shí)填冠詞？何時(shí)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞? 何時(shí)填介詞呢？,純空格題的解題技巧,邊做邊悟：請(qǐng)做下面一組題,每做一題都要思考是如何一步一步做出來的,并將解題的思維過程寫出來。在做完這一組題后,總結(jié)一下這類題的解題方法。,方法探究1,1.(2011)Behind him were other people to

3、 whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes _walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.,1. 因but后的并列句中缺主語, 應(yīng)填代詞; 根據(jù)語境, 不難推出走開坐到我附近的應(yīng)是他后面的那些人, 即other people, 指人, 是復(fù)數(shù), 作主語, 應(yīng)當(dāng)填they。,they,2.(2011)I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation.

4、He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. Im glad I made a choice. It made _ of us feel good.,2. 作made的賓語, 用代詞, 由上文 “We (I and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing conversation”可知, 指作者和那個(gè)智障人“兩個(gè)人”,故填both。,both,3.(2010)He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was a

5、wful. Why did you pretend to like _?”,3. 因及物動(dòng)詞like(喜歡)后缺賓語, 應(yīng)填代詞; 指前面提到的“水(the water)”,用it。,it,4.(2009). although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _.,4. 及物動(dòng)詞please(使高興)后缺賓語, 應(yīng)填代詞; 由語境和常識(shí)可知, 給父親買禮物, 應(yīng)是使父親高興, 故填賓格人稱代詞him。,him,5.

6、(2009) Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.,5. 動(dòng)詞was的前面顯然缺主語, 應(yīng)填代詞; 由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 填it, 在賓語從句中作形式主語, 真正的主語是to choose.。,it,6. (2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very an

7、xious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about _day and night.,6. 介詞about后缺賓語, 應(yīng)填代詞; 由句意或前后邏輯可知, 應(yīng)填it, 指代前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。,it,7. (2007) I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _ .,7. 因(that) I had caused是定語從句, 先行詞是trouble, 代表先行詞的關(guān)系代

8、詞that在從句中作賓語, 被省略了; 由搭配cause sb.trouble(=cause trouble for sb.給某人造成麻煩)可知, 填賓語人稱代詞her, 指代the old woman。,her,當(dāng)句子缺主語或賓語時(shí),填_。 因?yàn)槌洚?dāng)主語或賓語的應(yīng)是名詞或代詞,而在語法填空的純空格中一般是不要求考生填名詞的,所以只要句子缺主語或賓語,你就填代詞。此時(shí),要根據(jù)前后語境,看該空格是指人還是事物,指男還是指女,是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。除人稱代詞外,也有可能是填_等。還有可能是填作形式主語或形式賓語的_,替代后面作真正的主語或賓語的不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。,歸納總結(jié)：,代詞,不定代詞,it,邊

9、做邊悟：請(qǐng)做下面一組題, 每做一題都要思考 是如何一步一步做出來的, 并將解題的思維過程 寫出來。在做完這一組題后, 總結(jié)一下這類題的 解題方法。 1.(2011)I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had _ amazing conversation.,方法探究2,1. 作賓語的名詞amazing conversation前應(yīng)填限定詞; 根據(jù)習(xí)慣搭配可知填不定冠詞an, 因?yàn)閔ave a conversation 意為“談話”。,an,2.(2010) young man, while traveling through a des

10、ert, came across a spring of clear water. _water was sweet.,2. 作主語的名詞前應(yīng)填限定語; 特指前面提到的clear water, 相當(dāng)于“這”種清泉, 故填The。,The,3.(2010)The young man went home with a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let _ student taste the water.,3. 作let賓語的名詞前, 應(yīng)填限定詞;相對(duì)于送水的這個(gè)學(xué)生(the student)來說, 應(yīng)是給他的“另外一個(gè)”學(xué)生嘗

11、一嘗, 故填another。,another,4. (2009) Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet,4. 句中experience意為“經(jīng)歷”, 是可數(shù)名詞;作表語的名詞experience前應(yīng)填限定詞; 由冒號(hào)之后的內(nèi)容可知, 一年的這個(gè)時(shí)候去購物并不是一次愉快的經(jīng)歷, 表示“一次”用不定冠詞, 故填a。,a,5.(2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song D

12、ynasty (960 1279) was very anxious to help _rice crop grow up quickly.,5. 在作賓語的名詞前, 應(yīng)當(dāng)填限定詞; 由句意和常識(shí)可知, 這個(gè)急性子人急于使“他自己的”禾苗長得快, 故填形容詞性物主代詞his。,his,6.(2007)the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.,6. 作賓語的名詞small

13、town前應(yīng)填限定語; 由句意可知, 此處指將車?yán)诫x那里大約有20公里遠(yuǎn)的“一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)”去修, 表示“一個(gè)”, 用不定冠詞, small以輔音開頭, 故填a。,a,7. (2007) I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. _ villagers brought me goats cheese and honey.,7. 作主語的名詞villagers前應(yīng)填限定詞; 相對(duì)招呼我在她家吃住的那個(gè)

14、old peasant woman, 拿goats cheese and honey來同我飲酒聊天的應(yīng)是“其他的(Other)” 村民, 或者理解為“有些(Some)”村民。,Other/Some,在作主語、_語或_語的名詞或“形容詞+名詞”前,填限定詞。 限定詞是指冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞,或可以作定語的不定代詞等。此時(shí),要根據(jù)句子的意思來確定空格的語境意義,由此來判斷具體填什么詞。如表示特指,大體相當(dāng)于“這、這些、那、那些”時(shí)用_;表示“一(個(gè),本,座)”時(shí)用不定冠詞a或an;表示“某人的”,用_;表示“一些”用some,表示“另一個(gè)”用another,表示“其他的”用other等。,歸納總

15、結(jié)：,物主代詞,賓,表,定冠詞the,邊做邊悟: 請(qǐng)做下面一組題, 每做一題都要思考是如何一步一步做出來的, 并將解題的思維過程寫出來。在做完這一組題后, 總結(jié)一下這類題的解題方法。 1.(2011)I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _his own either.,方法探究3,1. 因on ones own(=alone)是固定搭配, 所以填on。,on,2.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his stude

16、nt very much for the sweet water. The young man went home _a happy heart.,2. 名詞a happy heart 在句中不作主語, 也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語, 就應(yīng)是作介詞的賓語, 空格處應(yīng)填介詞; 由句意可知, 是指這個(gè)年輕人“帶著”愉快的心情回家, 表示“帶著”用with, 介詞短語with a happy heart作伴隨狀語, 修飾謂語went home。,with,3.(2009)She found some good quality pipes _ sale.,3. 名詞sale在句中不作主語, 也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語,就應(yīng)

17、是作介詞的賓語, 空格處應(yīng)填介詞; 因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配, 故填on。,on,4.(2009)When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _ table having supper.,4. 名詞(table)在句中不作主語, 也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語, 就應(yīng)是作介詞的賓語; 由having supper可知,填at; 因?yàn)閍t table表示“在餐桌邊, 在進(jìn)餐”, 也是習(xí)慣搭配。,at,5. (2008)Chinese proverb

18、s are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.,5. 因名詞these proverbs在句中不是作主語, 也不是作動(dòng)詞的賓語, 應(yīng)當(dāng)是作介詞的賓語, 即空格處應(yīng)填介詞; 由表示存在的句型可知, 應(yīng)當(dāng)是指在某個(gè)地方或某個(gè)時(shí)間存在, 此處應(yīng)是指“在中國的這些成語故事的背后/里面”常常有有趣的故事, 故填介詞Behind或In。注意, 在句首, 要大寫開頭。,Behind/In,6.(2008)

19、He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy.,6. 因動(dòng)名詞短語doing this不是作主語, 也不是作動(dòng)詞的賓語, 應(yīng)是作介詞的賓語, 即空格處應(yīng)填介詞; 又因“他感到很累”應(yīng)是“在他做了一整天事之后”, 表示“在之后”,用介詞after; 另外be tired from doing (因做某事而累)是固定搭配, 故也可填from。,after/from,7.(2007)I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were

20、arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in their house.,7. 因名詞a guest在句中不作主語, 也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語, 可推斷是作介詞的賓語, 應(yīng)填一個(gè)介詞; 又由句意“把我當(dāng)作客人來接待(receive sb.as.)”, 可知填介詞as。,as,8.(2007)When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman _ the tr

21、ouble I had caused her.,8. 因名詞the trouble在句中不作主語, 也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語, 應(yīng)當(dāng)是作介詞的賓語; 表示“因而酬謝 / 報(bào)答某人”是reward sb.for sth., 故填for。,for,當(dāng)空格后的名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞不是作主語、表語,也不是作動(dòng)詞的_語時(shí),填_詞。 因?yàn)槊~和代詞最典型的用法是作主語或賓語,既然不作主語和動(dòng)詞的賓語,就應(yīng)是作介詞的賓語了,所以要填介詞。具體填什么介詞,由介詞與該_詞的搭配及其意義(如上述題15)來決定,也可能是由_詞或謂語與介詞的句式搭配(如上述68題)來決定。,歸納總結(jié)：,賓,介,名,動(dòng),1.(2011)My f

22、riends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.,方法探究4,1. 空格前后都是句子且這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞, 應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞; 由兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系可知, 是“等到車來”, 表示“直到”用until, 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。,until,2.(2011)Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk, .,2. 空格前后都是句子且這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞, 應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞; 后面一句應(yīng)當(dāng)這樣理解he was trying to talk to th

23、e people, 可見, 后面一句是定語從句, 先行詞是people, 直接在介詞后應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whom引導(dǎo)定語從句。,whom,3.(2010)He filled his leather container so that he_ could bring some back to an elder had been his teacher.,3. 因空格前后都是句子, 且這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞, 故一定是填關(guān)聯(lián)詞; 由句意和邏輯可知, “這個(gè)長者是他的老師”, 可判斷空格后這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)定語從句, 先行詞是an elder, 從句中缺主語; 替代先行詞且在定語從句中作主語, 應(yīng)填who,

24、 引導(dǎo)定語從句。,who,4.(2010)We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children.,4. 因空格前后都是句子, 且這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞, 故一定是填關(guān)聯(lián)詞; 根據(jù)兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系, 填表示“在的時(shí)候”的when, 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。,when,5.(2009)Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.,5. 因空格前后都是句子, 且這兩句之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞, 必定是填關(guān)聯(lián)詞; 由句意和邏

25、輯可知, “陳列引人注目的領(lǐng)帶”應(yīng)是在“柜臺(tái)”里, 因此, a counter是先行詞, 其后是定語從句,要填的詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語, 故填關(guān)系副詞where。,where,6.(2008)One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.,6. 空格前后都是句子且這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有聯(lián)關(guān)詞, 應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞; 由前后的意義關(guān)系可知, 空格后是同位語從句, 說明idea的具體內(nèi)容; 名詞性從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義已非常完整, 故用that引導(dǎo)。,that,7. (2008) He was ver

26、y tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.,7. 空格前后都是句子且這兩句之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞, 應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞; 又因后句的he felt very happy與前句的He was very tired是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故填but。,but,8. (2007)I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gather

27、ed around me were arguing as to _ should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.,8. 因as to(關(guān)于)是介詞, 其后應(yīng)接賓語; 由should have.可知, as to后是賓語從句, 賓語從句中should have是謂語, 前面缺主語; 由常識(shí)可知“有幸接待我”的應(yīng)是人, 故用who引導(dǎo)賓語從句。,who,9. (2007).the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to

28、a small town some 20 kilometres away _ there was a garage.,9. 空格前后都是句子且這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞, 應(yīng)填關(guān)聯(lián)詞; 由兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系可知,后句是定語從句修飾a small town, 空格要填的詞在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語, 故用關(guān)系副詞where(=in which)引導(dǎo)定語從句。,where,10.(2010佛山二模)The robbers came in at about 22: 00 on Saturday _ left at 07: 00 on Sunday.,10. 因left.與came.是并列關(guān)系, 一起作謂語,

29、 故填并列連詞and。,and,當(dāng)空格前后都是句子(一個(gè)主謂關(guān)系算一個(gè)句子),且這兩個(gè)句子之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞時(shí),填 _;若并列的兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，填表示聯(lián)合、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折等意義的連詞(如上述第10題)。,歸納總結(jié)：,關(guān)聯(lián)詞,具體填哪個(gè)關(guān)聯(lián)詞,由兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞、短語或句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來決定。若是句子與句子之間,還要分析整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu),分清主句與從句,弄清從句在整個(gè)句子中作何種成分,確定是從句類型(在整個(gè)句子中作主語、賓語、表語、同位語就是_從句;作定語叫定語從句；,名詞性,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、結(jié)果等的從句叫 _從句),以及引導(dǎo)該類從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用特點(diǎn)(如引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞

30、一定是代表先行詞并在從句中作句子成分的;引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,that沒有任何意思也不作任何句子成分,即句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思完整時(shí)即填_,而if或whether有意思但不作句子成分,who, whom, which，when，where，how等則有意思也作句子成分)來決定。,that,狀語,1.(2010茂名二模)Listen to these words from Darwin P. Kingsley: “You have powers you never dreamed of. You can do things you never thought you _ do. There are n

31、o limitations in what you can do except the limitations of your own mind.”,方法探究5,1. 因空格后的do是原形, 而thought是一般過去時(shí), 所以空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)是填情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞; 又由前面You can do things和后文的you can do可以提到啟示, 此處也填can, 只不過用其過去式(由thought可知), 故填could。句意是“你能做你(以前)從未想到過你能做的事”。,could,2.(2010茂名一模)I explained that while I didnt carry any cash,

32、I _happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it. He was thrilled.,2. 因謂語動(dòng)詞happen是原形, 而前后語境的謂語動(dòng)詞都是過去式, 時(shí)態(tài)不一致, 所以此處應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞;由句意“我解釋說, 雖然我沒有帶現(xiàn)金, 但我的確恰好有一張新毯子”, 故填助動(dòng)詞did, 對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。,did,3. (2009茂名二模)Whats amazing is that Pluto _ understand everything dad says. Their communication is

33、as near to being perfect as possible.Each seems to know what the other needs at any time. Never once _I heard anyone shout at Pluto or even raise their voices.,3. 因主語是第三人稱單數(shù), 而前一空后是卻是動(dòng)詞原形,根據(jù)語境是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 可見此空必定填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can(能夠), 或者填助動(dòng)詞does(真的, 的確), 強(qiáng)調(diào)understand。后一空, 該句以否定詞never開頭,用部分倒裝; 又由語境和never可知, 謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)

34、在完成時(shí), 故填have。,can/does,have,4. (2007肇慶二模) Once when I returned from a Saturday baseball game, _ was Steve who took the time to ask me what happened.,4. 由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, 填it構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。,it,5. (2010年韶關(guān)二模)It was not until 1840 _the official organization known as the Penny Post was established in Great Britain and g

35、ave ordinary people cheap and efficient postal deliveries.,5. 因it was not until.that.(直到才)是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu), 故填that。,that,(1)若句子結(jié)構(gòu)較完整,空格后的謂語動(dòng)詞是原形,特別是與上下文時(shí)態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時(shí),很可能是填_ 動(dòng)詞,或強(qiáng)調(diào)_ 的do, does, did, 或構(gòu)成部分倒裝的助動(dòng)詞do，does，did等(如上述12題);(2)還要注意有可能是部分倒裝,填助動(dòng)詞have，has，had與主語后的過去分詞以構(gòu)成完成時(shí)(如上述第3題);(3)填it或that,以構(gòu)成it is/ was.t

36、hat.這個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(如上述48題)。,歸納總結(jié)：,謂語,情態(tài),是指“使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空”這類題，五年來的高考題只考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)、詞類轉(zhuǎn)化等四種情況。,有提示題的解題技巧,方法探究6,1.(2011)He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.,1. 在主語He后, pretend顯然是謂語動(dòng)詞; giving it(the tiger)a voice的主語應(yīng)當(dāng)是He, 因此, and giving與謂語動(dòng)詞是并列關(guān)系; 由此推斷,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是過去進(jìn)行時(shí),

37、 故填was pretending。,was pretending,2.(2010)After a four-day journey, the young man _ (present) the water to the old man. His teacher took a deep drink,2. 動(dòng)詞present(贈(zèng)予), 在主語the young man后, 應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞; 由語境, 即上下文的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)可知, 用一般過去時(shí), 故填presented。,presented,3. (2009).people stepped on your feet or _(push) you

38、with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.,3. 因push這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)是主語people發(fā)出的, 又由并列連詞or可知, push與stepped應(yīng)為并列謂語; 因stepped是一般過去式, push也應(yīng)是一般過去時(shí),故填pushed。,pushed,4.(2009)“Your father has at last decided to stop smoking, ” Jane _(inform).,4. 因inform在主語Jane后作謂語, Jane與inform是被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 又是一般過去時(shí), 所以用一般過去時(shí)的

39、被動(dòng)語態(tài),故填was informed。,was informed,5.(2008) Being too anxious to help an event develop often _(result) in the contrary to our intention.,5. 句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語, result應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞; “急于求成, 往往會(huì)事與愿違”是客觀真理, 應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí); 動(dòng)名詞短語作主語, 謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式, 故填results。,results,6.(2007)I was on m

40、y way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car _(break) down near a remote village.,6. 在when后的分句中, my car是主語, 其后的break應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞; 由全文可知, 這是敘述過去的經(jīng)歷, 用一般過去式; 再說was / were doing. when.did.是一個(gè)固定句型,when后面的句子的謂語用一般過去時(shí), 表示“正在做某事, 就在這個(gè)時(shí)候突然發(fā)生了另外一事”, 故填broke。,broke,當(dāng)句子缺少謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí), 括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞就是_動(dòng)詞。 此時(shí), 要

41、根據(jù)語境確定用哪種時(shí)態(tài), 根據(jù)主語與該動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系確定用主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是用 _語態(tài)。,歸納總結(jié)：,被動(dòng),謂語,1.(2011)I noticed a man _(sit) at the front.,方法探究7,1. 已有謂語動(dòng)詞noticed, 且sit前沒有并列連詞, 因此, sit是非謂語動(dòng)詞; 由固定句式notice sb.doing/ do sth.(注意到某人在做/做了某事)可知, 填sitting或sit, 但我們認(rèn)為, 根據(jù)文中提供的情境, 不難推出,作者“注意到”時(shí), 那個(gè)人是“正坐在”作者前面的, 故填sitting更準(zhǔn)確、更切實(shí)際、也更生動(dòng)。,sitting/sit,

42、3.(2009)She wished that he was as easy _ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.,2. 因句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞spit了, 而say前又沒有并列連詞, 所以say應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞; 又因he與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語, 填saying。,saying,4. (2008)For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop _ (help) it grow”, is based on the following story

43、.,3. 因句中已有謂語was easy(系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成謂語), 動(dòng)詞please(使高興)應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞; 在形容詞后作狀語, 只能用動(dòng)詞不定式, 故填to please。,to please,5.(2007)While she was getting me _ (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car,4. 因“幫助禾苗長”是“將禾苗拔高(plucking up a crop)”的目的, 作目的狀語, 通常只能用動(dòng)詞不定式, 故填to help

44、。順便提提, “plucking up a crop to help it grow”是動(dòng)名詞短語, 作主語the proverb的同位語。,to help,當(dāng)句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞又沒有并列連詞與括號(hào)中的動(dòng)詞并列,該動(dòng)詞就是_。 此時(shí),就要根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法確定用具體的某種形式。如作主語或賓語，就用_ (一般)或不定式形式(具體)；作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語,用_；作伴隨狀語或作定語,要根據(jù)與邏輯主語的關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞;有時(shí)也要根據(jù)句式搭配來確定,如see/hear/ notice sb. do/doing sth. ,spend.doing sth.等。,歸納總結(jié)：,動(dòng)詞不定式,非

45、謂語動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)名詞,方法探究8,1.(2011)I left it early because I had an appointment _(late) that day.,1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整, 需要副詞作狀語, 而late (遲,晚)本身可作副詞, 因此, 不必作詞類轉(zhuǎn)化, 可想到用其比較級(jí)形式, 填later; later that day指“那天晚些時(shí)候”。,later,2.(2010)The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _(sweet).,2. 在be后作

46、表語, 用形容詞, 而括號(hào)中所給的sweet本身就是形容詞, 因此無需詞性轉(zhuǎn)化, 可想到用其比較級(jí); 由語境可知, 這是省略了than the water的隱性比較級(jí), 故填sweeter。意思是“什么也不會(huì)比這水更甜”即“這水是世界上最甜的”, 比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)含義。,sweeter,3.(2008).he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day. he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” _(high).,3. 因修飾謂語did “grow”,

47、 作狀語, 用副詞, 而high本身可以作副詞, 無需詞類轉(zhuǎn)化, 可想到用其比較級(jí); 由語境分析可知, 這是省略了than before的隱性比較級(jí), 指比他pluck up之前“長”得更高了, 故higher。,higher,4.(2010惠州三模)Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes _ (possible), to get rid of. It is therefore very important that we pay great attention to the formation of habits.,4. 與difficult作并列表語, 需填形容詞; 而possible本身是形容詞,