施工組織設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、施工組織設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯XXXXXXXXX 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文翻譯學(xué)生姓名： 院 （系）： 專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)： 指導(dǎo)教師： 完成日期： 施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的重要性摘要：建筑工程在施工過(guò)程中，施工組織方案的優(yōu)劣不但直接影響工程的質(zhì)量，對(duì)工期及施工過(guò)程中的人員安全也有重要影響。施工組織是項(xiàng)目建設(shè)和指導(dǎo)工程施工的重要技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)文件。能調(diào)節(jié)施工中人員、機(jī)器、原料、環(huán)境、工藝、設(shè)備、土建、安裝、管理、生產(chǎn)等矛盾,要對(duì)施工組織設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行監(jiān)督和控制,才能科學(xué)合理的保證工程項(xiàng)目高質(zhì)量、低成本、少耗能的完成。關(guān)鍵詞：項(xiàng)目管理施工組織方案重要性施工組織設(shè)計(jì)就是對(duì)工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目整個(gè)施工過(guò)程的構(gòu)思設(shè)想和具體安排，是施工組織管理工作的核心和

2、靈魂。其目的是使工程速度快、質(zhì)量好、效益高。使整個(gè)工程在施工中獲得相正確最優(yōu)效果。1.編制施工組織設(shè)計(jì)重要性的原因建筑工程及其施工具有固定性與流動(dòng)性、多樣性與單件性、形體龐大與施工周期長(zhǎng)這三對(duì)特點(diǎn)。因此，每一建筑工程的施工都必須進(jìn)行施工組織設(shè)計(jì)。這是因?yàn)椋浩渌话愎I(yè)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)都有著自己固定的、長(zhǎng)期適用的工廠。而建筑施工具有流動(dòng)性的特點(diǎn)，不可能建立這樣的工廠，只能是當(dāng)每一個(gè)建筑工程施工時(shí)，建立一個(gè)相應(yīng)的、臨時(shí)性的，如同工廠作用性質(zhì)的施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)備，即工地。施工單件性特點(diǎn)與施工流動(dòng)性特點(diǎn)，決定了每一建筑工程施工都要選擇相應(yīng)的機(jī)具和勞動(dòng)力組織。選擇施工方法、擬定施工技術(shù)方案及其勞動(dòng)力組織和機(jī)具配置，

3、統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為施工作業(yè)能力配置。施工周期的特點(diǎn)，決定了各種勞動(dòng)力、機(jī)具和眾多材料物資技術(shù)的供應(yīng)時(shí)間也比較長(zhǎng)，這就產(chǎn)生了與施工總進(jìn)度計(jì)劃相適應(yīng)的物資技術(shù)的施工組織設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容。由此可見(jiàn)，施工組織設(shè)計(jì)在項(xiàng)目管理中是相當(dāng)重要的。2.施工組織設(shè)計(jì)方案的重要性建筑產(chǎn)品作為一種商品，在項(xiàng)目管理中工程質(zhì)量在整個(gè)施工過(guò)程中起著極其重要的作用。工程建設(shè)項(xiàng)目的施工組織設(shè)計(jì)與其工程造價(jià)有著密切的關(guān)系。施工組織設(shè)計(jì)基本的內(nèi)容有：工程概況和施工條件的分析、施工方案、施工工藝、施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃、施工總平面圖。還有經(jīng)濟(jì)分析和施工準(zhǔn)備工作計(jì)劃。其中,施工方案及施工工藝的確定更為重要,如:施工機(jī)械的選擇、水平運(yùn)輸方法的選擇、土方的施工方法及主

4、體結(jié)構(gòu)的施工方法和施工工藝的選擇等等,均直接影響著工程預(yù)算價(jià)格的變化。在保證工程質(zhì)量和滿(mǎn)足業(yè)主使用要求及工期要求的前提下,優(yōu)化施工方案及施工工藝是控制投資和降低工程項(xiàng)目造價(jià)的重要措施和手段。2.1施工組織方案在很大程度上影響著工程質(zhì)量，因此合理的施工組織方案不但是確保工程順利完成的基礎(chǔ)，也是工程安全的依據(jù)。施工組織設(shè)計(jì)是建筑工程設(shè)計(jì)文件的重要組成部分，是編制工程投資概預(yù)算的主要依據(jù)和編制招投標(biāo)文件的主要參考依據(jù)。因此，認(rèn)真做好施工組織設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)于正確確定工程造價(jià)、降低工程投資，從而有利控制工程造價(jià)將有十分重要的作用。2.2施工組織方案是對(duì)施工活動(dòng)實(shí)行科學(xué)管理的重要手段，它具有戰(zhàn)略部署和戰(zhàn)術(shù)安排的

5、雙重作用。它體現(xiàn)了實(shí)現(xiàn)基本建設(shè)計(jì)劃和設(shè)計(jì)的要求，提供了各階段的施工準(zhǔn)備工作內(nèi)容，協(xié)調(diào)施工過(guò)程中各施工工區(qū)，各施工工種，各項(xiàng)自愿之間的相互關(guān)系。施工組織方案必須能夠根據(jù)工程產(chǎn)品的特點(diǎn)和要求，根據(jù)現(xiàn)有的和可能爭(zhēng)取到的施工條件，從實(shí)際出發(fā)，決定各種生產(chǎn)要素的基本結(jié)合方式，不切實(shí)解決問(wèn)題，就不可能進(jìn)行任何生產(chǎn)。3.施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的指標(biāo)計(jì)算和分析當(dāng)前施工組織設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)建立哪些指標(biāo)還不統(tǒng)一，計(jì)算方法也不規(guī)范。由于它是評(píng)價(jià)施工組織設(shè)計(jì)整體效果和評(píng)價(jià)執(zhí)行狀況的尺度，也是對(duì)承建工程施工的單位(項(xiàng)目部)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理水平和效果進(jìn)行考核的依據(jù)。應(yīng)予重視，提出如下意見(jiàn)。3.1指標(biāo)體系。指標(biāo)體系的設(shè)置要盡量反映施工組織設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)

6、達(dá)到的水平，為評(píng)價(jià)、考核、執(zhí)行提供方便。3.2指標(biāo)計(jì)算。(1)施工準(zhǔn)備期。從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)始到正式工程開(kāi)工的全部時(shí)間。(2)單位工程工期。由單位工程施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃安排的施工期。(3)勞動(dòng)力不均衡系數(shù)。施工期高峰人數(shù)與平均人數(shù)之比。(4)降低成本額。技術(shù)組織措施降低成本的價(jià)格成果。(5)降低成本率。降低成本額占承包成本的百分比。(6)施工機(jī)械化程度。機(jī)械施工完成產(chǎn)值與工程承包造價(jià)之比。(7)工廠化施工程度。預(yù)制廠(采砂場(chǎng)、采石場(chǎng))完成的產(chǎn)值與工程承包造價(jià)之比。(8)臨時(shí)工程投資比例。全部臨時(shí)工程投資與工程承包造價(jià)之比。(9)臨時(shí)工程費(fèi)用比例。全部臨時(shí)工程消耗費(fèi)用減回收費(fèi)與工程承包造價(jià)之比。3.3指標(biāo)分

7、析。施工組織設(shè)計(jì)指標(biāo)與同類(lèi)工程歷史實(shí)際水平相比，能夠評(píng)價(jià)施工組織設(shè)計(jì)效果；不同施工組織設(shè)計(jì)方案的指標(biāo)對(duì)比，能夠優(yōu)選方案；分析以往歷次同類(lèi)工程的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的加權(quán)數(shù)值，能夠作為今后再次投標(biāo)的參考依據(jù)。4.施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的管理隨著社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的建立,建筑市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈,客觀形勢(shì)對(duì)施工企業(yè)的要求越來(lái)越高。不但在技術(shù)裝備、人員素質(zhì)、施工組織者方面提出較高的要求，而且工程經(jīng)濟(jì)管理工作中有關(guān)工程預(yù)結(jié)算也面臨新的挑戰(zhàn)。嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)建筑市場(chǎng)形勢(shì)下，有些施工企業(yè)沒(méi)有積極采取應(yīng)對(duì)措施,對(duì)員工的專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)沒(méi)有更新、培訓(xùn)。科學(xué)技術(shù)管理水平相當(dāng)落后。加上對(duì)編制審核施工組織設(shè)計(jì)沒(méi)有引起足夠的重視。因此就會(huì)出現(xiàn)以下幾種常見(jiàn)的情況：

8、4.1開(kāi)工前沒(méi)有編制審核施工組織設(shè)計(jì)：不搞施工平面布置圖,材料亂堆亂放。土方運(yùn)出運(yùn)進(jìn)、機(jī)械設(shè)備、勞動(dòng)力需求無(wú)計(jì)劃、工程質(zhì)量、安全施工無(wú)保證措施。造成窩工浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重,管理水平較低。4.2是否是專(zhuān)業(yè)人員編制施工組織設(shè)計(jì)：為應(yīng)付上級(jí)部門(mén)及監(jiān)理單位、甲方檢查而給施工員或資料員代編施工組織設(shè)計(jì)。因?yàn)橘Y料根本對(duì)現(xiàn)在的施工管理不了解而又是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)最近安排的，不得不胡亂編造，應(yīng)付了事。4.3施工組織設(shè)計(jì)編制水平低：有的施工單位，不明白施工組織在施工過(guò)程中的重要性，寫(xiě)一寫(xiě)各分項(xiàng)施工工藝、畫(huà)張平面布置圖、工程進(jìn)度計(jì)劃表,便認(rèn)為是施工組織設(shè)計(jì)了。4.4要技術(shù)棄經(jīng)濟(jì)：相當(dāng)多的施工企業(yè)單位在編制施工組織設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)。只重視施工

9、組織當(dāng)中的各分項(xiàng)工程的技術(shù)措施。沒(méi)有考慮分項(xiàng)工程經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)方面內(nèi)容,導(dǎo)致工程竣工結(jié)算時(shí)糾紛不斷,蒙受經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。因此，要對(duì)施工組織設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行管理：(1)實(shí)行動(dòng)態(tài)管理工程施工過(guò)程中，不可避免地會(huì)遇到意想不到的各種問(wèn)題，如設(shè)計(jì)變更、自然因素等影響，各階段施工進(jìn)程的變化造成現(xiàn)場(chǎng)方案的調(diào)整，因此必須根據(jù)變化了的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)管理，對(duì)施工組織設(shè)計(jì)中不適宜部分進(jìn)行必須的修改、補(bǔ)充、優(yōu)化，以達(dá)到既定的建設(shè)目標(biāo)。 (2)實(shí)行分層管理項(xiàng)目法施工的推行，管理層與作業(yè)層分離，以及固定工人逐步減少的情況，勢(shì)必引出總承包與分包的現(xiàn)象，中標(biāo)單位從過(guò)去的直接管理、直接技術(shù)交底，變?yōu)殚g接管理、間接技術(shù)交底，因此應(yīng)根據(jù)施工組織設(shè)計(jì)

10、進(jìn)行分層管理，明確總包與分包單位、管理層與作業(yè)層的技術(shù)權(quán)限、職責(zé)與工作程序。5.結(jié)語(yǔ)在項(xiàng)目的施工中，一定要對(duì)施工組織設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行監(jiān)督和控制，確保項(xiàng)目的施工有序，防止施工組織設(shè)計(jì)流于形式。施工組織設(shè)計(jì)是工程質(zhì)量、安全、進(jìn)度的保障有力措施。在一定的資源條件下實(shí)現(xiàn)工程的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，達(dá)到施工效益與經(jīng)濟(jì)效益雙贏的目的。6.遵照合同工作除非合法的或現(xiàn)實(shí)條件不允許，任何情況下，承包商應(yīng)嚴(yán)格遵照合同實(shí)施、竣工和修補(bǔ)其任何缺陷以滿(mǎn)足工程師的要求。無(wú)論合同中是否提及或接觸或涉及施工，承包商應(yīng)嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行工程師的指示。根據(jù)合同第2條的規(guī)定，承包商只能從工程師代表處取得指示。7.提交進(jìn)度計(jì)劃承包商應(yīng)當(dāng)在中標(biāo)函簽發(fā)日之后第二

11、部分說(shuō)明的時(shí)間之內(nèi)，以工程師規(guī)定的適當(dāng)格式和詳細(xì)程度，向工程師遞交一份工程進(jìn)度計(jì)劃，以取得工程師的同意。無(wú)論工程師何時(shí)需要，承包商還應(yīng)以書(shū)面形式提交一份對(duì)其進(jìn)行工程施工所擬采用的安排和方法的總說(shuō)明。8.修改進(jìn)度無(wú)論何時(shí)，如果工程師認(rèn)為，工程的實(shí)際進(jìn)度不符合第14.1款中已經(jīng)同意的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃時(shí)，承包商應(yīng)根據(jù)工程師的要求提出一份修訂過(guò)的進(jìn)度計(jì)劃，表明為保證工程按期竣工而對(duì)原進(jìn)度計(jì)劃所作的修改。9.提交現(xiàn)金流量估算在中標(biāo)函簽發(fā)日之后第二部分條款說(shuō)明的時(shí)間之內(nèi)，承包商應(yīng)按季度向工程師提交承包商根據(jù)合同將有權(quán)得到的全部支付的詳細(xì)現(xiàn)金流通量估算。若工程師提出要求，依照合同規(guī)定指定承包商的所有支付，承包商還應(yīng)

12、按季度提供修訂的現(xiàn)金流通量估算。10.承包商的監(jiān)督只要工程師認(rèn)為是為正確履行合同規(guī)定的承包商義務(wù)所必須的，承包商應(yīng)在工程的施工期間及其后提供一切必要的監(jiān)督。承包商或經(jīng)工程師批準(zhǔn)的一位合格的并授權(quán)的代表應(yīng)用其全部時(shí)間對(duì)該工程進(jìn)行監(jiān)督。上述批準(zhǔn)可由工程師隨時(shí)撤回。該授權(quán)代表應(yīng)代表承包商接受工程師的指示，或根據(jù)第2條的規(guī)定 接受工程師代表的指示。ImportanceofconstructionorganizationdesignSummary:Constructionworkintheconstructionprocess,theconstructionorganizationschemewilln

13、otonlydirectlyaffectprojectquality,durationandsafetyalsohasanimportantimpactintheconstructionprocess.Constructionorganizationprojectsandmentoringinconstructionofkeytechnicalandeconomicdocuments.Canregulatetheconstructionpeople,machines,materials,environment,technology,equipment,construction,installa

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19、resdeterminesthelaboursupplyofmanymaterial,equipmentandtechnologyisalongtime,whichraisesthetotalprogressplanofconstructionmaterialthatisappropriatefortheconstructionorganizationdesignoftechnologycontent.Itcanbeseenthatisofconsiderableimportanceinconstructionorganizationdesigninprojectmanagement.2.Im

20、portanceofconstructionorganizationdesignConstructionproductsasacommodityandengineeringqualityinprojectmanagementplaysavitalroleintheentireconstructionprocess.Constructionorganizationdesignandengineeringcostofconstructionprojectshasacloserelationship.Constructionorganizationdesignofbasiccontent:proje

21、ctoverviewandanalysisofconstructionconditions,implementationplan,constructiontechnology,constructionprogressplanandgeneralplanofconstruction.Furthereconomicanalysisandconstructionpreparationplans.,Schemeandconstructiontechnologyinconstructionofmoreimportant,suchas:levelsofselection,selectionoftransp

22、ortmethodofconstructionmachinery,earth-movingconstructionmethodandconstructionmethodandconstructiontechnologyofmainstructureofchoiceandsoon,aredirectlyaffectingtheestimatedprojectpricechanges.Inensuringprojectqualityandmeettheownerssubjecttotherequirementsanddurationrequirements,optimizingconstructi

23、onschemeandconstructiontechnologyareimportantmeasurestocontrolinvestmentandreduceprojectcostandmeans.2.1Constructionorganizationschemeistoalargeextentaffectprojectquality,reasonableconstructionprogrammeisnotonlytoensurethatthebasisforsuccessfulcompletionoftheconstruction,safetybasis.Constructionorga

24、nizationdesignisanimportantpartofconstructiondesigndocuments,isthemainbasisforpreparationoftheprojectinvestmentbudgetandpreparationoftenderdocuments,themainframeofreference.Therefore,goodjobinconstructionorganizationdesign,correctlydetermineprojectcost,reduceengineeringinvestment,thusenablingtocontr

25、olprojectcostwouldhaveaveryimportantrole.2.2Constructionorganizationplanofconstructionactivitiesisanimportantmeansofimplementingscientificmanagement,ithasthedualroleofstrategicdeploymentandtacticalarrangements.Itreflectstherequirementsofimplementingthecapitalmasterplananddesignprovidesallphasesofcon

26、structionpreparation,coordinationofconstructionduringtheconstructionprojecttheconstructiontrade,therelationshipbetweenvoluntary.Constructionorganizationschememustbeaccordingtotheproductscharacteristicsandrequirements,basedonexistingandpossiblesecuringconstructionconditions,realistic,determinehowtheb

27、asiccombinationofvariousfactorsofproduction,doesnotsolveproblems,itisimpossibleforanyproduction.3.ConstructiondesigncalculationandanalysisofindicatorsConstructionorganizationdesignshouldbetoestablishwhichindicatorsarenotunified,calculationorspecification.Becauseitistheevaluationofconstructionorganiz

28、ationdesignoftheoverallassessmentoftheeffectivenessandthestatusofimplementation,aswellasprojectconstructionunits(project)productionandmanagementlevelsandtotesttheeffectivenessofthebasis.Mustbegivento,andmadethefollowingcomments.3.1Indexsystem.Setsasfaraspossiblereflecttheconstructionorganizationdesi

29、gnofindexsystemofthetargetlevelof,andtofacilitatetheevaluation,examination,implementation.3.2Indexcalculation.(1)constructionpreparationphase.Startingfromsitepreparationtotheofficialprojectforalltime.(2)projectduration.Arrangedbyunitengineeringconstructionprogressplanofconstruction.(3)labourimbalanc

30、ecoefficientDuringpeakandtheaverageratioofthenumberof.(4)reducethecostamount.Technicalmeasurestoreducethecostofresults.(5)reducethecostrate.Costreductionpercentageoftotalcontractcosts.(6)constructionmechanization.Mechanicalconstructioncompletedproductionandengineeringcontractcostratio.(7)thelevelofi

31、ndustrialconstruction.Precastfactory(sandexcavation,quarries)completedproductionandengineeringcontractcostratio.(8)theinvestmentproportionoftemporaryworks.Alltemporaryworksinvestmentandengineeringcontractscostratio.(9)costoftemporaryworks.Alltemporaryworkscostrecoveryfeesandcontractcostreductionrati

32、o.3.3Indicatoranalysis.Constructionorganizationdesignofindicatorsascomparedtosimilarprojectshistoricalactuallevels,canassesstheimpactconstructionorganizationdesign;differentindicatorsofconstructionorganizationdesignincontrasttooptimumprogramme;analysisoftheweightednumericalindicatorofprevioussimilar

33、projectscouldserveasareferenceforfuturebiddingagain.4.ManagementofconstructionorganizationdesignWiththeestablishmentoftheSocialistmarketeconomy,buildingincreasinglyfiercemarketcompetition,objectiveconditionsontheconstructionenterpriserequirementsgettinghigherandhigher.Notonlyintermsoftechnicalequipm

34、ent,qualityofpersonnel,organizerofconstructionputforwardhigherrequirements,butalsoinengineeringeconomicsandmanagementworkengineeringbudgetandsettlementalsofacesnewchallenges.Strictconstructionmarketsituation,someconstructioncompaniesdonothaveapositiveresponse,hadnoupdateonstaffexpertiseandtraining.S

35、cienceandtechnologymanagementlevelquitebackward.Andforthepreparationofconstructionorganizationdesignofauditdidnotattractenoughattention.Therefore,therewillbeseveralcommonscenarios:4.1Beforecommencementofconstructionorganizationdesignofauditinghasnotbeenprepared:nottoengageintheconstructionoffloorpla

36、ns,materialsofrubblelyingaround.Earthworkoutoftransport,machineryandequipment,qualityoflabordemandplanning,engineering,constructionwithoutguaranteesofsecurity.Causedtheseriouswasteofidling,lowerlevelsofmanagement.4.2Istheprofessionalpreparationofconstructionorganizationdesign:tocopewithhigherauthori

37、tiesandsupervisionunits,thecustomershallcheckandconstructionconstructionorganizationdesignforinformationoraddendum.Becausetheinformationsimplydontknowaboutnow,constructionmanagementandleadershiphasrecentlyarranged,hadtomakeupindiscriminatelytodealwith.4.3Lowlevelsofconstructionorganizationdesignprep

38、aration:someconstructionunits,donotunderstandtheimportanceofconstructionorganizationintheconstructionprocess,writeabouttheconstructionprocess,drawafloorplan,projectschedule,isconsideredtobeconstructionorganizationplan.4.4Abandonedtechnologyeconomy:aconsiderablenumberofunitsatthetimeofpreparationofco

39、nstructionorganizationdesigninconstructionenterprise.Onlyimportancetotheconstructionoftheprojectoftechnicalmeasures.Contentdoesnottakeintoaccounteconomicindicators,leadingtoprojectscompletionsettlementofdisputescontinue,causingeconomiclosses.Therefore,themanagementofconstructionorganizationdesign:(1

40、)theintroductionofdynamicmanagementConstructionprocess,inevitablywillencounterunexpectedproblems,suchasimpact,naturalfactorssuchasdesignchanges,changefieldprogrammesofeachstageoftheconstructionprocessadjustmentsmustthereforebebasedondynamicmanagementofengineeringfield,notsuitableforconstructionorgan

41、izationdesignsectionmustbemodified,supplemented,optimization,toreachtheestablishedgoal.(2)ImplementationofhierarchicalmanagementProjectlawconstructionofintroduced,managementlayerandjoblayerseparation,andfixedworkersgraduallyreducedofsituation,willleadstotalcontractandpointspackageofphenomenon,biduni

42、tsfrompastofdirectlymanagement,anddirectlytechnologylow-down,becomesindirectmanagement,andindirecttechnologylow-down,thereforeshouldaccordingtoconstructionorganizationdesignfortieredmanagement,cleartotalpackageandpointspackageunits,andmanagementlayerandjoblayeroftechnologypermission,anddutiesandwork

43、program.5.ClosingremarksIntheconstructionoftheproject,besuretooversightandcontroloftheconstructionorganizationdesigntoensureprojectconstructioninordertopreventconstructionorganizationdesignofformality.Progressoftheconstructionorganizationdesignofprojectquality,security,strongmeasuresofprotection.Inc

44、onditionsofconsiderableresourcestoachieveeconomicbenefitoftheprojectandachievethewinwinpurposeconstructionandeconomicbenefit.6.Work to be in Accordance with ContractUnless it is legally or physically impossible, the Contractor shall execute and complete the Works and remedy any defects therein in st

45、rict accordance with the Contract to the satisfaction of the Engineer. The Contractor shall comply with and adhere strictly to the Engineers instructions on any matter, whether mentioned in the Contract or not, touching or concerning the Works. The Contractor shall take instructions only from the Engineer or, subject to the provisions of Clause 2, form the Engineers Representative.7.Programme to be SubmittedThe Contractor shall, within the time stated in Part II of these Conditions after the date of the Letter of Accept