module 4-路由選擇和控制hc120113001 路由策略

1、路由策略Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.前言我們可以使用路由策略來(lái)控制路由的選擇和引入過(guò)程。Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page1培訓(xùn)目標(biāo)學(xué)完本課程后，您應(yīng)該能： 使用路由策略控制路由的接收過(guò)程 使用路由策略控制路由的引入過(guò)程 使用路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)來(lái)選擇路由Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights re

2、served.Page2目錄路由引入路由過(guò)濾使用路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)控制缺省路由下發(fā)Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page3目錄路由引入路由過(guò)濾使用路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)控制缺省路由下發(fā)Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page4引入直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由之前 Lo0:/32RTARTBOSPFCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All ri

3、ghts reserved.Page5RTBdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface /30Direct 00Serial0RTAdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface/32Direct 00InLoopBack0/30Direct 00Serial/30Direct 00S

4、erial0引入直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由之后 Lo0:/32RTARTBOSPFCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page6ospf 1import-route directRTBdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface/32O_ASE150Serial0/30O_ASE150Serial0/30Direc

5、t 00Serial0引入靜態(tài)路由之前 RTARTBOSPFLo0:/32Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page7RTBdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface /30Direct 00Serial0RTAip route-static 55 Serial1RTAdisplay ip

6、 routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface/32Static 600Serial/30Direct 00Serial/30Direct 00Serial0引入靜態(tài)路由之后 RTARTBOSPFLo0:/32Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page8RTBdisplay ip routing-tabl

7、eDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface/32O_ASE150Serial0/30Direct 00Serial0ospf 1import-route static引入其它路由協(xié)議的路由之前RTA RIPRTBOSPFLo0:/32Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page9RTBdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/Mas

8、kProtoPreCostNextHopInterface /30Direct 00Serial0RTAdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface/8RIP100Serial/30Direct 00Serial/30Direct 00Serial0引入其它路由協(xié)議的路由之后RTA RIPRTBOSPFLo0:/32Copyright 2012

9、 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page10RTBdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface/8O_ASE150Serial0/30O_ASE150Serial0/30Direct 00Serial0ospf 1import-route rip 1為什么需要配置路由引入部署不同路由協(xié)議的機(jī)構(gòu)合并不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用不同的協(xié)議，并且這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)需要

10、共享路由信息 簡(jiǎn)單的網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以使用RIP 網(wǎng)絡(luò)類(lèi)型復(fù)雜的可以選用OSPF 大型骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)一般選用ISIS 網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議的限制 比如，使用撥號(hào)鏈路連接兩個(gè)ISIS網(wǎng)絡(luò)，而在撥號(hào)鏈路上是不適合運(yùn)行ISIS協(xié)議的 需要配置靜態(tài)路由，然后把靜態(tài)路由引入到ISISCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page11路由引入不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致次優(yōu)路由2.Import ripRTCLo0:RTARTDS0RTBCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights r

11、eserved.Page12RTBdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface/8ISIS1584Serial0isis 1import-route rip 1路由引入不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致路由環(huán)路7.Import isisRTCRTBRTDRTELo0:4.Import ospf-aseRTACopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page132. Dest. ASE 1501.

12、 Import direct cost 2路由引入不當(dāng)導(dǎo)致路由環(huán)路RTBdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/Mask/32Proto O_ASEPre 150Cost 1NextHop InterfaceSerial1RTCS0RTCdisplayip routing-tableDestination/MaskProto ISISPreCost 84NextHop Interface Serial0/3215S1RTBRTDS1RTDdisplayiprouting-tableDestina

13、tion/MaskProto ISISPreCost 74NextHop Interface Serial/3215Lo0:RTES2RTEdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/Mask/32Proto O_ASEPre 150Cost 1NextHop Interface Serial2RTACopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page14路由引入要注意開(kāi)銷(xiāo)值的變化RTBRTCRTA

14、Importisis1cost2Lo0:Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page15目錄路由引入路由過(guò)濾使用路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)控制缺省路由下發(fā)Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page16路由過(guò)濾的作用避免路由引入導(dǎo)致的次優(yōu)路由避免路由回饋導(dǎo)致的路由環(huán)路進(jìn)行精確的路由引入和路由通告控制Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights

15、 reserved.Page17使用路由過(guò)濾避免次優(yōu)路由2.Import ripRTCLo0:RTARTDRTB過(guò)濾掉RTA通告給RTB的路由Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page18使用路由過(guò)濾避免次優(yōu)路由配置RTACopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page19RTCRTLo0:RTDBacl number 2001rule 5 deny source 0

16、.255.255.255rule 10 permitisis 1filter-policy 2001 importRTBdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface/8RIP100Serial1isis 1import-route rip 1使用路由過(guò)濾避免路由環(huán)路過(guò)濾掉回饋路由7.Import isisRTCRTBRTDRTELo0:4.Import ospf-aseRTACopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co.,

17、Ltd. All rights reserved.Page202. Dest. ASE 1501. Import direct cost 2使用路由過(guò)濾避免路由環(huán)路配置RTCRTELo0:RTACopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page21isis 1import-route ospf 1RTBacl number 2001rule 0 deny source 55rule 1 permitospf 1import-route isis 1 rou

18、te-policy RP1route-policy RP1 permit node 10RTDif-match acl 2001ospf 1import-route direct cost 2精確控制路由引入和路由發(fā)布RTARTBCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page22RTAdisplay bgp routing-tableNetworkNextHopMEDLocPrfPrefVal Path/Ogn*/300?*/00?*172

19、.16.1.0/00?*00?*00?*00?bgp 100peer ip-prefix P1 exportip ip-prefix P1 index 5 deny 8 greater-equal 8 less-equal 32ip ip-prefix P1 index 10 deny 12 greater-equal 16 less-equal 32ip ip-prefix P1 index 15 deny

20、 16 greater-equal 16 less-equal 32ip ip-prefix P1 index 20 permit 0 less-equal 32RTBdisplay bgp routing-tableNetworkNextHopMEDLocPrfPrefVal Path/Ogn*/300100?*00100?路由過(guò)濾規(guī)則可以在出方向過(guò)濾路由 只能過(guò)濾路由信息，鏈路狀態(tài)信息是不能被過(guò)濾的可以在入方向過(guò)濾路由 對(duì)于鏈路狀態(tài)路由協(xié)議，僅僅是不把路由加入到路由表中可以

21、過(guò)濾從其它路由協(xié)議引入的路由 只能在出方向過(guò)濾 在入方向過(guò)濾是沒(méi)有意義的可以使用filter-policy進(jìn)行過(guò)濾，也可以使用ip-prefix進(jìn)行過(guò)濾Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page23目錄路由引入路由過(guò)濾使用路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)控制缺省路由下發(fā)Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page24路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All

22、 rights reserved.Page25路由協(xié)議或路由種類(lèi)優(yōu)先級(jí)Direct0OSPF10IS-IS15Static60RIP100OSPF ASE150BGP255浮動(dòng)靜態(tài)路由OSPF優(yōu)先級(jí)為10，靜態(tài)路由優(yōu)先級(jí)為60優(yōu)選OSPF路由，OSPF路由失效后自動(dòng)選擇靜態(tài)路由STATICSTATICOSPFCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page26浮動(dòng)靜態(tài)路由配置S2SS3S1 RTBRTACopyright 2012 Hu

23、awei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page27ospf 1area network network ip route-static 55 Serial3Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface /32Direct 00InLoopBack0/32OSPF101563Serial2浮動(dòng)靜態(tài)路由配置S2S

24、S3S1RTARTBCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page28RTAdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface /32Direct 00InLoopBack0/32Static 600Serial3路由協(xié)議的遷移OSPFIS-ISCopyright 2012 Huawe

25、i Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page29調(diào)整路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)避免次優(yōu)路由2.Import ripRTCLo0:RTARTDRTB改變ISIS的路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)，使RTB到Dest.優(yōu)選RIP路由Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page30調(diào)整路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)避免次優(yōu)路由配置RTACopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page31RTRTC

26、Lo0:RTDS1Bisis 1preference 150RTBdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface /8RIP100Serial1isis 1import-route rip 1調(diào)整路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)避免路由環(huán)路7.Import isis改變優(yōu)先級(jí)，使RTB優(yōu)選RTA的路由RTCRTDRTBRTELo0:4.Import ospf-aseRTACopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

27、All rights reserved.Page322. Dest. ASE 1501. Import direct cost 2調(diào)整路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)避免路由環(huán)路配置RTBRTACopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page33RTCRTBdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface /32O_ASE150Serial0RTLo0:RTDEisis 1prefere

28、nce 160ospf 1import-route isis 1目錄路由引入路由過(guò)濾使用路由協(xié)議優(yōu)先級(jí)控制缺省路由下發(fā)Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page34路由協(xié)議發(fā)布缺省路由所有路由協(xié)議都可以下發(fā)缺省路由OSPF可以配置多種下發(fā)方式 在ABR上下發(fā) 在ASBR上下發(fā) 強(qiáng)制下發(fā) 非強(qiáng)制下發(fā)IS-IS沒(méi)有命令實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)似OSPF的非強(qiáng)制下發(fā)功能，但是可以通過(guò)路由策略來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved

29、.Page35OSPF下發(fā)缺省路由Copyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page36區(qū)域類(lèi)型自動(dòng)產(chǎn)生配置命令產(chǎn)生者已存在缺省路由LSA類(lèi)型范圍普通default-route-advertiseASBR5路由域default-route-advertise alwaysASBR5路由域STUBABR3STUB完全STUBABR3STUBNSSAnssa default-route-advertiseABR7NSSAnssa default-route-advertiseASBR7NSSA缺省路由下發(fā)案例6

30、..5.5AS 200RTEIBGPRTFIBGPRTCAS 100RTDOSPF Area0RTARTBCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page37EBGPEBGPRTE和RTF下發(fā)BGP缺省路由AS 200RTE缺省路由RTF缺省路由RTDRTCAS 100bgp 200peer default-route-advertisebgp 200peer default-route-advertiseOSPF Ar

31、ea0RTARTBCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page38RTC和RTD向AS200發(fā)送路由AS 200RTERTF路由路由RTDRTCAS 100OSPF Area0RTARTBCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page39bgp 100import-route ospf 1bgp 100import-route ospf 1RTC和RTD向AS100強(qiáng)制下發(fā)OSPF缺

32、省路由AS 200RTERTFRTDRTCOSPF Area0AS 100缺省路由缺省路由RTARTBCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page40ospf 1default-route-advertise alwaysospf 1default-route-advertise alwaysRTA和RTB形成負(fù)載分擔(dān)AS 200RTERTFRTDRTCAS 100OSPF Area0S0S3RTARTBCopyright 2012 Huawei

33、 Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page41Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface /0O_ASE150Serial3O_ASE150Serial0RTDdisplay ip routing-tableDestination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface /0BGP2550Serial3S3上行鏈路故障，次優(yōu)路由產(chǎn)生AS 200RTER

34、TFRTDS2RTCAS 100S3OSPF Area0RTARTBCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page42Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface /0O_ASE150Serial3O_ASE150Serial0/從IBGP學(xué)習(xí)到默認(rèn)路由Destination/Mask/0ProtoPreCost BGP2550NextHopInterfaceSerial2S

35、0兩條鏈路故障，環(huán)路產(chǎn)生AS 200/出現(xiàn)等價(jià)的迭代默認(rèn)路由Destination/RMaTsEkProtoPreCostNextHopInterface Serial0 Serial1RTF/0BGP 2550BGP2550RTDRTCAS 100OSPF Area0S1S0S0S3RTARTBCopyright 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.Page43Destination/MaskProtoPreCostNextHopInterface /0O_ASE150Serial3O_ASE150Serial0RTC和RTD向AS100非強(qiáng)制下發(fā)缺省路由AS 200RTERTFRTDS2OSPF Area0RTCAS 100缺省路由S0缺省路由S3RTARTBCopyright 2012 Huawei