詞匯學(xué)練習(xí)題

1、1. Inflectional affixes are those affixes that are attached to the end of words to indicate .A. lexical relationships B. grammatical relationships C. functional relationships D. syntax structure答案：B解析：（P41）詞綴按照其功能可以分成兩類：屈折詞綴和派生詞綴。屈折詞綴是加在詞的結(jié)尾 表示語法關(guān)系的詞綴，而派生詞綴是和其他詞素連接，生成新詞的詞綴。2. Which of the following

2、statements is NOT correct?A. A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound. B. A grapheme is the smallest unit of writing.C. A sememe is the smallest unit of meaning. D. A morpheme is the smallest unit of a word.答案：D解析：（P38）詞素是最小的、有意義的語言單位。換句話說，詞素是“在詞語的構(gòu)成中最小的、起作用的語言單位”。3. Which of the following is a case

3、of suffixation? A. Hemisphere .B. Attempt .C. NATO. D. Respondent.答案：D 解析：（P4849）后綴法（suffixation）指的是通過給詞干（stems）加后綴而形成新詞的方 法。題目中的“respondent”意為“應(yīng)答者；被告”，是由respond通過增添后綴形成的。 “hemisphere”是通過前綴法（prefixation）形成的；“NATO”是首字母拼音詞（acronym）； “attempt”是通過轉(zhuǎn)類法形成的。4. The characteristic of native words is . A. neut

4、ral in style B. formal in style C. informal in style D. slangy in style 答案：A 解析：（P17）和外來語詞不同的是，本族語詞具有“文體中性”和“使用頻繁”的特點。5. _explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.A. Etymological motivation B. Semantic motivation C. Morphological motivation D. Onomatopoeic m

5、otivation答案：B解析：（P85）語義理據(jù)指的是由詞的概念意義激發(fā)出的對詞的相關(guān)聯(lián)想，它可以解釋詞的字面 意義和比喻意義的聯(lián)系。6. The differences between synonyms boil down to the three areas: .A. denotation,connotation and intensityB. connotation,intensity and applicationC. denotation,connotation and application D. connotation,implication and application答案

6、：C解析：（P107110）同義詞之間的差異主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：外延（denotation），內(nèi)涵（connotation），以及各自的應(yīng)用（application）。7. Antonyms are often used in proverbs to _A. form antithesis to achieve emphasis B. express ideas easily C. form metaphors D. express ideas economically答案：A 解析：（P116）反義詞（antonyms）常常被放置在一起形成對偶（antithesis）,以此起到強(qiáng)調(diào) 的作

7、用。許多格言、諺語都有此特征，例如：more haste,less speed（欲速則不達(dá)）。8. The sentence He is a big wheel. means .A. he has a big circle B. his legs are long C. his car has big wheels D. he is a very important person 答案D解析：（P174175）題目中的“big wheel”是個習(xí)語，意思是“重要的人物”，多用于口語。9. According to the textbook,the best-known unabridged d

8、ictionary is .A. The Word Book Dictionary B. The Encyclopedia Americana C. Websters New World Dictionary D. Websters Third New International Dictionary答案：D解析：(P186) 最具知名度的一本完整版大詞典是韋伯斯特新世界詞典（第三版），它擁有 詞條450,000個10. Which of the following can be said about a British dictionary?A. It is always better th

9、an an American dictionary. B. One can always expect to find American usages in it.C. One can never expect to find American usages in it. D. It tends to include more grammatical information.答案：D （P190）與英國的詞典相比，美國的詞典包含更多百科全書的知識。英國詞典，尤其是學(xué) 生詞典，所含語法信息較多。11. The introduction of _ had a great impact on the

10、 English vocabulary.A. Hinduism B. Christianity C. Buddhism D. Islam答案：B 解析：（P25）基督教（Christianity）的引入對英語的詞匯影響很大，帶來了諸如abbot（修道 院院長），candle（蠟燭），altar（圣壇）等詞匯。12. _is the result of human cognition,reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. Reference B. Concept C. Sense D. Context 答案：B 解析：（P82）概

11、念(concept)超越了語言本身，它是人們認(rèn)知行為的結(jié)果，是客觀世界在人腦中 的反映。13. It is noticeable that _ overlaps with stylistic and affective meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations. A. conceptual meaning B. grammatical meaning C. lexical meaning D. collocative meanin

12、g答案：D 解析：（P92）搭配意義是在一個詞與另外的詞進(jìn)行搭配時產(chǎn)生的意義。它的意義由在其前后和 其搭配的詞體現(xiàn)出來，這一點它和文體意義（stylistic meaning）和情感意義（affective meaning）產(chǎn)生了重合，因為后二者的意義在某種程度上也是靠其搭配詞語來體現(xiàn)的。14. From a synchronic point of view,the word wifeexperienced the semantic change of .A. extension B. narrowing C. elevation D. degradation答案：B ：（P137）從共時性（

13、synchronic）角度來看，wife一詞經(jīng)歷了意義的縮??；其原義為“婦 女”，縮小后的意義為“妻子”。15. Both LDCE and CCELD are_ A. general dictionaries B. monolingual dictionaries C. both A and B D. neither A nor B答案：B解析：（P185)朗文當(dāng)代英文詞典（LDCE）和科林斯英語詞典（CCELD)在英國出版，兩 者都是單語詞典。16. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of _.

14、A. humour B. sarcasm C. ridicule D. all the above答案：D解析：（P102）同音異形異義詞（homophones）根據(jù)其自身發(fā)音的特點，可以用來制造一些特定 的文學(xué)效果，表達(dá)特殊的感情色彩，例如幽默、諷刺和嘲笑等。17. The prehistoric Indo-European language is thought to be a highly language.A. inflected B. derivative C. developed D. analytic答案：A 解析：（P23）史前的印歐語言和現(xiàn)代語言有很大的不同，前者是一種具有高

15、度屈折性的語言。18. Most English words can be said to be A. non-motivated B. Motivated C. Connected D. related答案：A 解析：（P83）理據(jù)（motivation）表示的是語言符號和其意義之間的關(guān)系。詞的形式和其意義 之間的關(guān)系是約定俗成的，大多數(shù)的詞都是非理據(jù)詞（non-motivated）。19. Reference is the relationship between language and the A. speakers B. listeners C. world D. specific

16、country答案：C 解析：（P81）“所指”表示的是語言和客觀世界之間的關(guān)系。通過“所指”，說話者才能將所 談?wù)摰膶ο笾该鳌?0. Loud colours belongs to .A. transfer of sensations B. transfer between abstract meanings and concrete meaningsC. transfer from objective meanings to subjective meanings D. transfer from subjective meanings to objective meanings答案：A

17、解析：（P140141）語義轉(zhuǎn)移是指原本指一種事物的詞轉(zhuǎn)而指代其他事物的語義變化現(xiàn)象。通 感語義轉(zhuǎn)移（transfer of sensations/ sensational sense of transfer）涉及兩種感覺之間 的語義轉(zhuǎn)移，比如 “l(fā)oud colors”的意思是“亮色”，涉及聽覺和視覺之間的語義轉(zhuǎn)移。21. The four major modes of semantic change are .A. extension,narrowing,elevation and degradation B. extension,generalization,elevation and

18、degradationC. extension,narrowing,specialization and degradation D. extension,elevation,amelioration and degradation答案：A 解析：（P135-139）詞義變化主要有以下四種：詞義的延伸（extension）、詞義的縮?。╪arrowing）、詞義的升華（elevation）和詞義的降格（degradation）。22. Play fast and loose shows the feature of A. repetition B. reiteration C. Juxtapo

19、sition D. rhyme 答案：C （P174）并置（juxtaposition）是把不同的事物并列放置在一起（尤其是通常情況下不 會并列存在的事物），通過對其進(jìn)行比較制造出新的效果。本題中“fast”和“l(fā)oose”是一對 反義詞，“play fast and loose”的意思是“行為輕率，反復(fù)無常”。23. The following are all denominal suffixes EXCEPT . A. ful B. wise C. less D. -ike答案：B 解析：（P49,P51）B項的-wise是副詞后綴（adverb suffix),其他三項均是名詞后綴（de

20、nominal suffixes)。24. AIDSis a(n) .A. initialism B. acronym C. compound D. derivative答案：B 解析：（P66）首字母拼音詞（acronym)是首字母縮略詞的一種，所不同的是，它所組成后的單 詞仍可以按照一個正常詞的讀法來讀。AIDS即為一例。25. The following are all examples of neologisms EXCEPT . A. chill out B. SARS C. futurology D. screw-driver答案：D 解析：（P15）D項“screw-driver

21、”的意思是“螺絲刀”，不屬于新詞的范疇，而其余三項則都 是新詞。26. Which of the following is incorrect about Old English?A. Old English borrowed heavily from Latin and other languages. B. Old English has a vocabulary of 50,000 to 60,000.C. The English language from 450 to 1150 is referred to as Old English. D. Old English was mor

22、e inflected than Modern English.答案：A解析：（P2526）古英語的使用者從拉丁語和其他語言借用詞語的現(xiàn)象并沒有其后一段時期頻 繁。因此，A項符合要求。27. Stylistic meaning refers to the features of of words. A. formality B. affectiveness C. appropriateness D. part of speech答案：A 解析：（P8889）文體意義（stylistic meaning)是指詞語的正式程度（formality）。按照這 個分類，詞語可以分為正式、非正式語、文言語

23、、古語和俚語等。28. Collocation can affect A. the meaning of words B. the structure of sentences C. the spelling of words D. the function of words答案：A （P91）搭配意義是指在一個句子中一個詞受其臨近的詞的影響而產(chǎn)生的意義，這也就是 說搭配可以影響一個詞的意義。29. The change of idiom from fortunes wheel to the wheel of fortune is A. replacement B. position-shif

24、ting C. addition D. shortening答案：B 解析：（P177）一些英語習(xí)語中的某個成分是可以被替換的，而且在替換的同時這個習(xí)語的意思 沒有變化。fortunes wheel 和the wheel of fortune 雖然形式不同，但是意義沒有區(qū)別。30. are best viewed in terms of a scale running between two poles or extremes.A. Contradictory terms B. Relative terms C. Contrary terms D. None of the above答案：C

25、解析：（P112） 對立反義詞之間的差別可以通過在兩個根本對立的意義之間的不同層級的意義 來體現(xiàn)，比如在old和young之間還有middle-aged這個層次。1. 31.The (_)approach in lexicological study is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time. P97）synchronic2. 32.Content words are changing all the time whereas (_)words are stable. 答案：（P16）

26、functional3. 33.Contrary terms are (_)antonyms. 答案：（P115）gradable4. 34.Context can help eliminate ambiguity,provide clues for inferring word-meaning and give (_) of referents. （P156）indication5. 35.Linguistic dictionaries aim at (_)and explaining their usages in thelanguage. （P185）defining words6. 3

27、6.The relationship between sound and the meaning of a word is _答案：（P78）arbitrary7. 37.The same idiom may show differences when it is assigned different_ _meanings including affective meaning.P172）stylistic8. 38.In dictionaries,a polysemant has its meanings all listed under one_ whereas homonyms are

28、listed as separate entries.P102headword9. 39._ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two wordsor a word plus a part of another word（P63）Blending10. The pair of “queer” and “odd” can serve as an example of_答案：（P105）relative synonyms三、Define the following terms.(15%)1. 41.semantic change

29、 P31）Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.2. 42.suffixation（P48）Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems.3. 43.collocative meaning（P91）Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In o

30、ther words, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by words before or after the word in discussion.4. 44.extension（P135）Extension of meaning, also known as generalization, is the name givento the widening of the meaning which some words undergo.5. 45.metonymy（P175）Metonymy refers to idioms in

31、 which the name of one thing is used forthat of another associated with it.四、1. Illustrate the difference of synchronic study and diachronic study of English lexicology with an example.答案：(P9698) The synchronic approach is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time;it i

32、s the special descriptive lexicology that deals with the vocabulary and vocabulary units of a particular language at a certain time.The diachronic approach deals with the changes and the development ofvocabulary in the course of time;it is the special historical lexicology that deals with the evolut

33、ion of the vocabulary units of a language as time passes.From a synchronic point of view,the word wife,for example,now means “a married woman,especially in relation to her husband” without any consideration of the changes in the past.But if we take a diachronic perspective,we will consider the word

34、historically,looking into its origin and changes in form and meaning:the wordwife evolved from the Old English form “wif”,meaning “woman”,but later it became specialized in the course of development to the modern meaning “a married woman”.2. What is affective meaning? What are words with positive or

35、 negative emotive values used to denote?答案：（P8990）Affective meaning indicates the speakers attitude towards the person or thing in conversation.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative and pejorative type. Words of positive overtones are used to show appreciation or

36、the attitude of approval;those of negative connotations imply disapproval,contempt or criticism.3. What are the three areas to account for the difference between synonyms?Illustrate your points.答案：（P107110）(1)Difference in denotation. Synonyms may differ in the range and intensity of meaning.For exa

37、mple,of the pair “timid”and“timorous”,the former can mean a state of mind and the habitual disposition of a person, but the latter only means disposition. (2)Difference in connotation. By connotation we mean the stylistic and emotive coloring of words. Some words share the same denotation but differ

38、 in their stylistic appropriateness. For example, the words borrowed from French and Latin are more formal than native words.(3)Difference in application. Many words are synonymous in meaning but different in usage in simple terms.For example,we use “allow sb. to do sth.”and“l(fā)et sb.do sth.”.4. Pleas

39、e illustrate the differences between American dictionaries and British dictionaries with examples.答案：（P190）There is a general difference between American dictionaries and British dictionaries.American dictionaries contain more encyclopedic information in the main body than British dictionaries,for e

40、xample,the names of people,places of historical interest and the like,whereas the British dictionaries,especially learners dictionaries,include more grammatical information.Generally speaking,one can find British usages in an American dictionary.As for American usages,users are advised to consult American dictionaries because chances are that such wo