齒輪泵泵體工藝及加工Φ14、2-M8 孔夾具設(shè)計(jì)畢業(yè)論文.doc

1摘要在機(jī)械制造的機(jī)械加工、檢驗(yàn)、裝配、焊接和熱處理等冷熱工藝過(guò)程中，使用著大量的夾具，用以安裝加工對(duì)象，使之占有正確的位置，以保證零件和產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量，并提高生產(chǎn)效率。在機(jī)床上加工工件時(shí)，為了保證加工精度，必須正確安裝工件，使其相對(duì)機(jī)床切削成形運(yùn)動(dòng)和刀具占有正確的位置，這一過(guò)程稱為“定位”。為了不因受切削力、慣性力、重力等外力作用而破壞工件已定的正確位置，還必須對(duì)其施加一定的夾緊力，這一過(guò)程稱為“夾緊”。定位和夾緊的全過(guò)程稱為“安裝”。在機(jī)床上用來(lái)完成工件安裝任務(wù)的重要工藝裝備，就是各類夾具中應(yīng)用最為廣泛的“機(jī)床夾具”。機(jī)床夾具的種類很多，其中，使用范圍最廣的通用夾具，規(guī)格尺寸多已標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，并且有專業(yè)的工廠進(jìn)行生產(chǎn)。而廣泛用于批量生產(chǎn)，專為某工件加工工序服務(wù)的專用夾具，則需要各制造廠根據(jù)工件加工工藝自行設(shè)計(jì)制造。因此，專用夾具的設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)重要生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備工作，每一個(gè)從事加工工藝的工裝設(shè)計(jì)人員，都應(yīng)該掌握有關(guān)夾具設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。本設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容是設(shè)計(jì)鉆床夾具，需要對(duì)齒輪泵端蓋上的2個(gè)M8螺孔和1個(gè)14的孔進(jìn)行鉆削加工。文中介紹了工件在夾具體中的定位方式，定位元件與定位機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇，及夾緊機(jī)構(gòu)的選擇與設(shè)計(jì)?，F(xiàn)代高效率的夾具大多采用機(jī)動(dòng)夾緊，按力源分有氣動(dòng)、液壓、氣液聯(lián)合、電傳動(dòng)及利用機(jī)床運(yùn)動(dòng)等對(duì)工件進(jìn)行夾緊。這些方式具有夾緊動(dòng)作快，夾緊力穩(wěn)定，可減輕工人勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本設(shè)計(jì)選用電動(dòng)機(jī)作為夾緊的動(dòng)力裝置，運(yùn)用機(jī)電傳動(dòng)控制回路來(lái)控制電動(dòng)機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn)，借以控制被加工工件在夾具體上的夾緊。此外，文中還對(duì)夾具進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的精度分析與計(jì)算。機(jī)械零件上往往都有各種不同用途和不同精度的孔需要加工。在機(jī)械加工中，孔的加工量所占比例較大，其中鉆頭、擴(kuò)孔鉆、鉸刀等定尺寸刀具加工占相當(dāng)多數(shù)。這時(shí)，除了要保證孔的尺寸精度外，還要達(dá)到孔的位置精度要求。在單件小批量生產(chǎn)中，用劃線后找正孔軸線位置方法加工，更因鉆頭剛性差、易變形，因此生產(chǎn)效率低且精度差。在批量生產(chǎn)中一般都采用鉆床夾具，鉆床夾具又稱鉆模，通過(guò)鉆套引導(dǎo)刀具進(jìn)行加工可準(zhǔn)確地確定刀具與工件之間的相對(duì)位置，是鉆模的主要特點(diǎn)。鉆削時(shí)，被加工孔的尺寸和精度主要由刀具本身的尺寸和精度來(lái)保證；而孔的位置精度則由鉆套在夾具上相對(duì)于定位元件的位置精度來(lái)確定。因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)鉆套引導(dǎo)刀具進(jìn)行加工，這就既可能提高刀具系統(tǒng)剛性，又能防止鉆頭引偏。關(guān)鍵詞：機(jī)械制造，通用夾具，專用夾具，鉆床夾具，齒輪泵，電動(dòng)機(jī)章節(jié)標(biāo)題2ABSTRCTAtthemachinemanufacturemachine-finishing,theexamination,theassembly,theweldingandtheheattreatmentandsooninthecoldhottechnologicalprocess,areusingthemassivejigs,withinstallstheprocessingobject,enableittoholdthecorrectposition,guaranteesthecomponentsandtheproductquality,andenhancementproductionefficiency.Processestheworkpiecewhentheenginebed,inordertoguaranteetheprocessingprecision,mustcorrectlyinstalltheworkpiece,causesitsrelativeenginebedcuttingformingmovementandthecuttingtoolholdsthecorrectposition,thisprocessiscalledthelocalization.ForbecauseofCuttingforce,inertialforce,exogenicprocessandsoonthegravityisnotdestroyedtheworkpiecealreadythecorrectpositionwhichdecides,butalsomustcertainlyexerttoitclampsthestrength,thisprocessiscalledclamps.Locatestheentireprocesswhichandclampstobecalledtheinstallment.Usesforontheenginebedtocompletetheworkpiecetoinstallthedutytheimportantcraftequipment,isineachkindofjigwidelyappliestheenginebedjig.Enginebedjigtypeverymany,among,theusescopebroadestgeneraljig,thespecificationsizearemanyhasstandardized,andhasthespecialtythefactorytocarryontheproduction.Butwidelyusesinthevolumeproduction,speciallyunitclampwhichservesforsomeworkpieceprocessingworkingprocedure,thenneedsvariousfactoriesindependentlytodesignthemanufactureaccordingtotheworkpieceprocessingcraft.Therefore,theunitclampdesignisanimportantproductionpreparatorywork,eachisengagedintheprocessingcrafttheworkclothesdesignpersonnel,allshouldgrasptheelementaryknowledgewhichtherelatedjigdesigns.Thisdesignmaincontentdesignsthedrillingmachinejig,needsthecountergearpumpsontheendcover2M8holeand114theholecarriesondrillstruncatestheprocessing.Inthearticleintroducedtheworkpieceinclampstheconcretecenterthelocatemode,locatesthepartandthedetentmechanismchoice,andclampstheorganizationthechoiceandthedesign.Themodernhighefficiencyjigmostlyusesmobileclamps,dividesaccordingtothestrengthsourcehasairoperated,thehydraulicpressure,thegasfluidunion,theelectricitytransmissionandsooncarriesonusingtheenginebedmovementtotheworkpiececlamps.Thesewayshaveclampthemovementquickly,clampsthestrengthtobestable,mayreducemeritandsoonworkerlaborintensity.Thisdesignselectsthepowerunitwhichtheelectricmotorachievementclamps,theutilizationmechanicalandelectricaltransmissioncontrolloopcontrolmotorthereverse,isprocessedinordertothecontrolthework3pieceintoclampconcreteonclamping.Inaddition,inthearticlehasalsocarriedonthesimpleprecisionanalysisandthecomputationtothejig.Onthemachinepartsoftenallhaseachkindofdifferentuseandthedifferentprecisionholeneedstoprocess.Inthemachine-finishing,theholeprocessloadaccountsfortheproportiontobebigger,drillbit,Expandingdrilling,Reamerandsoondecidesthesizecuttingtoolprocessingtooccupyquitemost.Bynow,besideshadtoguaranteetheholethesizeprecision,butalsohadtoachievetheholethepositionprecisionrequest.Inthesingleunitsmallvolumeproduction,afterdrawsalineadjuststheholespoolthreadpositionmethodprocessing,becausethedrillbitrigiditybad,iseasiertodistort,thereforetheproductionefficiencylowalsotheprecisionisbad.Generallyallusesthedrillingmachinejiginthevolumeproduction,thedrillingmachinejigcalls鉆模,throughdrillsthesetofguidancecuttingtooltocarryontheprocessingtobepossibleaccuratelytodeterminebetweenthecuttingtoolandtheworkpiecerelativeposition,is鉆模maincharacteristic.Drillswhentruncates,isprocessedtheholethesizeandtheprecisionmainlybythecuttingtoolitselfsizeandtheprecisionguaranteed；Buttheholepositionprecisionbydrillsthesettobephotogenicinthejigregardinglocatesthepartthepositionprecisiontodetermine.Becausethroughdrillsthesetofguidancecuttingtooltocarryontheprocessing,thisbothpossiblyenhancesthecuttingtoolsystemrigidity,andcanpreventthedrillbitdirects.Keywords:machinery,commonfixture,specialfixture,drillingfixture,gearpumps,motors目錄中文摘要.英文摘要.第1章緒論11.1機(jī)床夾具概述.1.2機(jī)床夾具的發(fā)展趨勢(shì).1第2章工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)22.1制定工藝路線.22.1.1工藝方案一.32.2工藝方案二.3章節(jié)標(biāo)題42.1.3最終工藝方案的確定.42.2機(jī)械加工余量、工序尺寸及毛坯尺寸的確定.52.2.1機(jī)械加工余量、毛坯尺寸.52.2.2工序尺寸的確定.52.3切削用量計(jì)算.7第3章專用夾具設(shè)計(jì)113.1定位基準(zhǔn)的選擇113.2定位誤差分析與計(jì)算.113.3夾緊力的計(jì)算.113.4夾具總體方案.133.5傳動(dòng)裝置的設(shè)計(jì).143.6夾緊裝置.153.7鉆套的選擇.163.8鉆模板的設(shè)計(jì).173.9夾具體的