超細(xì)破碎機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)論文[帶圖紙].doc

摘要I摘要隨著破碎機(jī)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，人們物料的入磨粒度大小的要求日益增高，這就要求現(xiàn)有市場(chǎng)上的破碎機(jī)能夠高效率、高質(zhì)量的對(duì)原材料進(jìn)行加工。而入磨粒度大小是影響下一步工序的關(guān)鍵因素。同時(shí)在破碎加工過(guò)程中，由于入磨粒度的大小，也會(huì)對(duì)原材料的輸出有影響。因此，去減小入磨粒度是破碎機(jī)生產(chǎn)中一道必不可少的工序。物料粉碎可增加物料比表面積可加快物料在參與反應(yīng)中的反應(yīng)速度；其次在加工大塊礦石時(shí)也有十分重要意義；并未原料的下一步加工工作做準(zhǔn)備或便于使用?，F(xiàn)代工程需要越來(lái)越多的高純超細(xì)粉碎，超細(xì)粉碎技術(shù)在高技術(shù)研究開(kāi)發(fā)中將起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。本課題旨在利用現(xiàn)代的技術(shù)對(duì)超細(xì)破碎機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)與研究。目前國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的破碎設(shè)備主要分鄂式、立軸式、反擊式和錘式等種類。大多數(shù)產(chǎn)品在針對(duì)具體行業(yè)時(shí)，一般能滿足行業(yè)特定的要求。但超細(xì)破碎機(jī)確是今后的一個(gè)研究方向。目前國(guó)內(nèi)的沖擊式和錘式破碎機(jī)能將1000mm的大塊物料，一次性粉碎至10-30mm以下。自磨機(jī)更是可以將600mm的物料一次粉碎至0.044mm以下，即一臺(tái)機(jī)器就能完成從粗碎到細(xì)碎及磨碎的整個(gè)工藝過(guò)程?？傊?，近年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)破碎機(jī)尤其是超細(xì)破碎機(jī)的研究依然比較熱，主要針對(duì)解決減小入磨粒度提高原材料利用率等方面。據(jù)介紹目前世界上有約15%的電能消耗在粉碎作業(yè)中，而且逐年增加，加之目前能源短缺，急需不斷改善粉碎研磨作業(yè)，如采用“多碎少磨”工藝特別是研制高效粉碎設(shè)備和改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有研磨機(jī)械，對(duì)于達(dá)到優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)、低成本、低能耗具有十分重要意義。關(guān)鍵詞：超細(xì)破碎機(jī)、錘式、轉(zhuǎn)子、細(xì)碎、入磨粒度大小。AbstractIIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofthetechnologyofcrusher,peopleofgrindingmaterialintotheparticlesizeoftherisingdemand,whichrequirestheexistingmarketcrushercanhighefficiency,highqualityofrawmaterialsformachining.Andintothegroundparticlesizeisthekeyfactorofaffectthenextstepprocess.Atthesametimeincrushingprocessingprocess,becauseofthesize,particlesizeintothegroundtotheoutputoftherawmaterialshaveinfluence.Therefore,toreducegroundparticlesizeistheproductionofanecessarycrusherprocess.Formaterialcrushingcanincreasethematerialsurfaceareacanspeedupthematerialinthaninthereactionspeedofresponse；Secondintheprocessingoforealsohaveveryimportantsense；Notthenextstepintherawmaterialprocessingprepareforworkoreasytouse.Modernengineeringneedmoreandmorehighpuritysuperfinecrushing,superfinecrushingtechnologyinhightechnologyresearchanddevelopmentwillplayamoreandmoreimportantrole.Thisprojectaimstousemoderntechnologyofultrafinecrusherdesignandresearch.Thecurrentdomesticproductionofbrokenequipmentismainlypointsthehubeitype,verticalshafttype,fightbackstyleandofhammertypecategories.Mostproductsinspecificindustryingeneralcanmeettherequirementsoftheindustryspecific.Butsuperfinecrusherisreallyoneofthefutureresearchdirection.Thecurrentdomesticandtheimpactofthetypeofhammertypebrokenfunctionwill1000mmchunksofmaterial,one-timecrushingto10-30mmbelow.Sincethemillcanbemorewillbe600mmmaterialacrushingto0.044mm,namelythefollowingamachinecanfinishfromcrushingtofinelyandgrindingthewholeprocess.Allinall,athomeandabroadinrecentyearsespeciallysuperfinecrusherforcrusherresearchisstillhot,mainlyinsolvingthegrindingsizereducedimprovetheutilizationrateofrawmaterials,etc.Accordingtointroducingtheworldthatabout15%ofelectricityconsumptioninthedismantlingofassignments,andincreaseyearbyyear,togetherwiththecurrentenergyshortage,theneedtoconstantlyimprovethecrushinggrindingoperation,suchasthe"broken"processespeciallygrindinglessdevelopedefficientcrushingequipmentandimproveexistinggrindingmachines,toachievehighyield,highquality,lowcost,lowenergyconsumptionhasaveryimportantsignificance.Keywords:superfinecrusher,ofhammertype,rotorandthesmaller,intothegroundparticlesize.III目錄Abstract···························································································I目錄·····························································································III第一章緒論··················································································11.1課題的背景及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀······················································11.2礦石的力學(xué)性能與錘式破碎機(jī)的選擇·············································41.3超細(xì)破碎機(jī)粉碎方式··································································41.4課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容及意義·····························································6第二章總體方案設(shè)計(jì)及主要參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)···············································72.1總體方案設(shè)計(jì)···········································································72.2整機(jī)主要結(jié)構(gòu)介紹·····································································82.3超細(xì)破碎機(jī)外部結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算·················································82.3.1超細(xì)破碎機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子部分的參數(shù)值確定···········································82.3.2超細(xì)破碎機(jī)進(jìn)/出料口尺寸的參數(shù)值確定····································92.3.3超細(xì)破碎機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速的初步確定··············································92.3.4超細(xì)破碎機(jī)生產(chǎn)率的確定·····················································102.3.5超細(xì)破碎機(jī)電動(dòng)機(jī)功率的確定···············································102.3.6超細(xì)破碎機(jī)傳動(dòng)方式的確定···················································112.3.7超細(xì)破碎機(jī)錘頭的擬定·························································11第三章主要結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)·······································································133．1超細(xì)破碎機(jī)錘頭的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算·····················································133.1.1錘軸中心與打擊中心距離的設(shè)計(jì)············································133.1.2錘頭質(zhì)量的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算····························································14IV3．2超細(xì)破碎機(jī)主軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算·····················································163.2.1軸的材料的選擇及軸頸的初步確定·········································163.2.2結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性驗(yàn)證························································183.3錘架的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算·····························································203.3.1銷軸的直徑值的確定···························································203.4軸承的選擇及校核···································································213.4.1軸承潤(rùn)滑方式的確定···························································223.5飛輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算·······································································223.6鍵的校核···············································································23第四章部分零部件的精度設(shè)計(jì)·························································244.1配合的選擇············································································244.2一般公差的選取······································································244.3形位公差···············································································24第五章總結(jié)與展望········································································26總結(jié)······························································································26工作展望·······················································································26參考文獻(xiàn)·······················································································27致謝····························································································28第一章緒論1第一章緒論1.1課題的背景及國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀粉碎（包括破碎和磨碎）是當(dāng)代飛速發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)必不可少的一個(gè)工業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)。在各種金屬、非金屬、化工礦物原料及建筑材料的加工過(guò)程中，粉碎作業(yè)要消耗巨大的能量，,而且又是個(gè)低效作業(yè)。物料粉碎過(guò)程中，由于作業(yè)中產(chǎn)生發(fā)聲、發(fā)熱、振動(dòng)和摩擦等作用，使能源大量消耗。因而多年來(lái)界內(nèi)人士一直在研究如何達(dá)到節(jié)能、高效地完成破碎和磨碎過(guò)程。從理論研究到創(chuàng)新設(shè)備（包括改造舊有的設(shè)備）直至改變生產(chǎn)工藝流程。目前，破碎理論、工藝和設(shè)備的研究主要著重于：①研究在破碎中節(jié)能、高效的理論，也力求找出新理論，突破人們已熟知的破碎三大理論；②研究新的非機(jī)械力高能或多力場(chǎng)聯(lián)合作用的破碎設(shè)備，目前還未見(jiàn)有工業(yè)化的設(shè)備供應(yīng)市場(chǎng)，只是處于研究階段；③改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有設(shè)備，這方面經(jīng)常是用戶根據(jù)自己的需要來(lái)進(jìn)行，而不見(jiàn)市場(chǎng)上大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)或研制新設(shè)備。物料的破碎是許多行業(yè)（如冶金、礦山、建材、化工、陶瓷筑路等）產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)中不可缺少的工藝過(guò)程。由于物料的物理性質(zhì)和結(jié)構(gòu)差異很大，為適應(yīng)各種物料的要求，破碎機(jī)的品種也是五花八門的。就金屬礦選礦而言，破碎是選礦廠的首道工序,為了分離有用礦物,不但分為粗碎、中碎、細(xì)碎，而且還要磨礦。磨礦是選礦廠的耗能大戶（約占全廠耗電的50%）,為了節(jié)能和提高生產(chǎn)效率，所以提出了“多碎少磨”的技術(shù)原則。這使破碎機(jī)向細(xì)碎、粉碎和高效節(jié)能方向發(fā)展。另外隨著工業(yè)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展,破碎機(jī)也向自動(dòng)化方向邁進(jìn)（如國(guó)外產(chǎn)品已實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)電液一體化、連續(xù)檢測(cè),并自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)給料速率、排礦口尺寸及破碎力等)。隨著開(kāi)采規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大,破碎機(jī)也在向大型化發(fā)展,如粗碎旋回破碎機(jī)的處理能力已達(dá)6000t/h。至于新原理和新方式的破碎(如電、熱破碎)尚在研究試驗(yàn)中,暫時(shí)還不能用于生產(chǎn)。對(duì)粗碎而言,目前還沒(méi)有研制出更新的設(shè)備以取代傳統(tǒng)的顎式破碎機(jī)和旋回式破碎機(jī)，主要是利用現(xiàn)代技術(shù),予以改進(jìn)、完善和提高耐磨性，達(dá)到節(jié)能、高效、長(zhǎng)壽的目的。細(xì)碎方面新機(jī)型更多些?？偟膩?lái)看,值得提出的有：顎式破碎機(jī)、圓錐破碎機(jī)、沖擊式破碎機(jī)和輥壓機(jī)。現(xiàn)代工程將需要越來(lái)越多的高純超細(xì)粉碎，超細(xì)粉碎技術(shù)在高技術(shù)研究開(kāi)