汽車的差速器外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯

附錄Automobile differential deviceThe motor car engine power after the coupling, the transmission gearbox, the drive shaft, the final biography delivers driving axle about to assign again for semi axis actuates the wheel, in this transmission of power way, driving axle is last always becomes, its major component is the reduction gear and the differential device. The reduction gear function is decelerates increases rectangular, this function depends entirely on between the gear and the gear meshes completes, compared with is easy to understand. But the differential device quite is difficult to understand that, what is called the differential device, why wants the difference fast?The automobile differential device is actuation host. Its function is while to two side semi axis transmissions powers, allows nearby two semi axis to revolve by the different rotational speed, satisfies two side wheels to the form which purely rolls not to make same lengge the travel as far as possible, reduces the tire and the ground friction.automobile when the corner the wheel trajectoryis a circular arc, if the automobile ten left is curved, the circular arc central point in left side, in the same time, the arc which right flank the wheel walks compared to a left side turn of Zichang, in order to balance this difference left side, wants wheel slow, right side wheel quick, makes up the distance with the different rotational speed the difference.If back wheel makes a whole, is unable to achieve two sides wheels the rotational speed difference, also is cannot achieve the automatic control. In order to solve this problem, as early as in 100 years ago, French Reynold car companys founder Louis Reynold designed the differential device this gadget ordinary differential device by the planet gear, planetary gear, components and so on rear axle shaft gear has been composed. The engine power classics and commentaries moving axis enters the differential device, the direct drive planetary gear frame, leads left, right two again by the planetary gear semi axis, separately actuates left, the right wheel. The differential device design request satisfies: (leftsemi axis rotational speed) (rightsemi axis rotational speed) =2 (planetary gear rotational speed). When automobile go alone, is left, the right wheel and a planetary gear three rotational speed equally is at the state of equilibrium, but when automobile curve three states of equilibrium are destroyed, cause an inside turn of rotational speed to reduce, a flank turn of rotational speed increases.This kind of adjustment is automatic, here involves the smallest energy consumption principle, also is on the Earth all objects all favors to consumes energy the smallest condition. For example admits a grain of bean in a bowl, the bean can automatically pause in the bowl bottom but cannot pause in the bowl wall, because the bowl bottom is the energy lowest position (potential energy), its automatic selection static (kinetic energy is smallest) but cannot the unceasing movement. Similar truth, wheel when curve also can automatically tend to the energy consumption lowest condition about, when automatically adjusts a turn of rotational speed.works as the curve according to the radius of turn, because outside side wheel has the phenomenon which slippery tows, in side wheel has wheelspin the phenomenon, two driving gears this time can opposite have two directions to attach the thrust augmentation, because the smallest energy consumption principle, inevitably causes two side wheels the rotational speeds to be different, thus destroyed three balances relations, and through semi axis reflected to the rear axle shaft gear on, forces the planet gear to have the rotation, makes the flank semi axis rotational speed to speed up, the inside semi axis rotational speed reduces speed, Thus realizes two sidecars turn of rotational speeds difference.On the automobile uses the gear drive the part to have driving axle, the transmission gearbox, the engine, the azimuth training gear and so on always becomes, the different part uses a form different size not gear. In all kinds of gear, some one name named the hyperbolic curve the gear, matches in the market in the steam also to have specially uses in its lubricating oil to be called the hyperbolic curve gear oil. This kind of gear uses on the driving axle main gear box.On the passenger vehicle main gear box generally uses the hyperbolic curve gear. This is because the hyperbolic curve gear compares with the spiral bevel gear, former revolution noise few, work steadier, turns the tooth intensity to be higher, moreover also has the drive gear spool thread to be allowed the relative driven gear disalignment characteristic, this point regarding the，automobile technical performance count for much, engineer to be allowed in not to change the engine the position size to be allowed directly to change driving axle the ground clearance, also is changes the entire vehicle the ground clearance.Some automobiles produce the passenger vehicle and the movement leisure vehicle on the identical frame, its chassis parameter transformation also has used hyperbolic curve gear this characteristic. Because has these merits, at present automobile driving axle already tended to uses the hyperbolic curve gear, in fact recent years imported the automobile basically was uses the hyperbolic curve gear, the domestically produced automobile also has many vehicle types to use the hyperbolic curve gear, and already more and more many in center, on the heavy freight vehicle obtained uses.when the hyperbolic curve gear worked, between the tooth face can have in a big way relatively skids, also the tooth face pressure was very big, the tooth face lubricant film is easily destroyed. In order to reduce the friction, enhances the efficiency, must have to use includes guards against blows the wound chemical additive special-purpose hyperbolic curve gear oil, cannot use other gear oil to replace, otherwise will cause the tooth face rapid attrition and the abrasion, seriously will affect the automobile the running status.汽車的差速器 汽車發(fā)動機(jī)的動力經(jīng)離合器、變速器、傳動軸，最后傳送到驅(qū)動橋再左右分配給半軸驅(qū)動車輪，在這條動力傳送途徑上，驅(qū)動橋是最后一個總成，它的主要部件是減速器和差速器。減速器的作用就是減速增矩，這個功能完全靠齒輪與齒輪之間的嚙合完成，比較容易理解。而差速器就比較難理解，什么叫差速器，為什么要“差速”？汽車差速器是驅(qū)動轎的主件。它的作用就是在向兩邊半軸傳遞動力的同時，允許兩邊半軸以不同的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)，滿足兩邊車輪盡可能以純滾動的形式作不等距行駛，減少輪胎與地面的摩擦。 汽車在拐彎時車輪的軌線是圓弧，如果汽車向左轉(zhuǎn)彎，圓弧的中心點在左側(cè)，在相同的時間里，右側(cè)輪子走的弧線比左側(cè)輪子長，為了平衡這個差異，就要左邊輪子慢一點，右邊輪子快一點，用不同的轉(zhuǎn)速來彌補(bǔ)距離的差異。如果后輪軸做成一個整體，就無法做到兩側(cè)輪子的轉(zhuǎn)速差異，也就是做不到自動調(diào)整。為了解決這個問題，早在一百年前，法國雷諾汽車公司的創(chuàng)始人路易斯.雷諾就設(shè)計出了差速器這個玩意。 普通差速器由行星齒輪、行星輪架（差速器殼）、半軸齒輪等零件組成。發(fā)動機(jī)的動力經(jīng)傳動軸進(jìn)入差速器，直接驅(qū)動行星輪架，再由行星輪帶動左、右兩條半軸，分別驅(qū)動左、右車輪。差速器的設(shè)計要求滿足：（左半軸轉(zhuǎn)速）+（右半軸轉(zhuǎn)速）=2（行星輪架轉(zhuǎn)速）。當(dāng)汽車直行時，左、右車輪與行星輪架三者的轉(zhuǎn)速相等處于平衡狀態(tài)，而在汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎時三者平衡狀態(tài)被破壞，導(dǎo)致內(nèi)側(cè)輪轉(zhuǎn)速減小，外側(cè)輪轉(zhuǎn)速增加。這種調(diào)整是自動的，這里涉及到“最小能耗原理”，也就是地球上所有物體都傾向于耗能最小的狀態(tài)。例如把一粒豆子放進(jìn)一個碗內(nèi)，豆子會自動停留在