初一下語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)預(yù)習(xí)之時(shí)態(tài).ppt

,北京四中 孫玲,初一下時(shí)態(tài)預(yù)習(xí),（一）、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) （二）、一般過(guò)去時(shí) （三）、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),(一). 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),語(yǔ)法講解 1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法: 1) 表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作: 常和now連用，有時(shí)用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞如look（看）、listen（聽(tīng)）來(lái)表示now（現(xiàn)在）這一時(shí)間概念。 Look！A dog is running after a cat. Listen！He is playing the piano.,2) 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作: 但不一定是說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。常和at present（目前）、this week（本周）、these days（這幾天）等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 What lesson are you studying this week？ 你們本周學(xué)哪一課了？（說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)并不在學(xué)）,3) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)可用來(lái)表示一個(gè)在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作即是說(shuō)可以用來(lái)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，但此時(shí)，一般要與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而且僅限于少量動(dòng)詞。如：go（去）、come（來(lái)）、leave（離開(kāi)）、start（開(kāi)始）、arrive（到達(dá)）、return（返回）、 How many of you are coming to the party next week？ She is leaving for Tianjing tomorrow.,2. 基本構(gòu)成：be + doing 現(xiàn)在分詞的幾種改變方式：,1）動(dòng)詞+ing：play（游玩）playing， study（學(xué)習(xí)）studying 2）去e+ing： write（寫(xiě)）writing，make（做）making，take（?。﹖aking 3）雙寫(xiě)詞尾+ing：stop（停止）stopping，cut（砍）cutting，sit（坐）sitting 4）特殊變化：lie-lying, die-dying, 邊講邊練,用動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空： 1) What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread. 2) Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office. 3) Look, the boy _(put) the rubbish into the bin. 4) _he_ (clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He _ (play). 5) Where is Mark? He _(run) on the grass. 6) Listen, who _(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary _(sing) there., 邊講邊練,用動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空： 1) What are you doing now? I am eating bread. 2) Its nine oclock. My father is working in the office. 3) Look, the boy is putting the rubbish into the bin. 4) Is he cleaning the classroom? No, he isnt. He is playing. 5) Where is Mark? He is running on the grass. 6) Listen, who is singing in the music room? Oh, Mary is singing there.,(二). 一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般過(guò)去式。經(jīng)常與yesterday, last week, last month, last year, two months ago, the day before yesterday，in 1990, in those days等表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 如： I was born in 1990. When did you go to the park? I went to the park last week.,1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu),(1). Be 動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài) 構(gòu)成：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was (were) +表語(yǔ) 如：I was late yesterday. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+was (were) +not+表語(yǔ) 如：We werent late yesterday. She wasnt a teacher three years ago. 疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句：Was (Were) +主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ) 如： Were you ill yesterday? Were they once your classmates？ 肯定回答： Yes, I was. 否定句： No, I wasnt. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ Was (Were) +主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ) Who were your best friends in your primary school?,(2). 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),肯定句要使用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，否定句和疑問(wèn)句要使用助動(dòng)詞do和 does 的過(guò)去式 did. 肯定句為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+賓語(yǔ) 如： I went home at nine oclock yesterday. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+didnt +動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ) 如：I didnt go home yesterday. He didnt tell me about you. 疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句：Did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+賓語(yǔ) 如： Did you go home yesterday? Did you study in the school? 肯定回答： Yes, I did. 否定回答：No, I didnt. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原型+賓語(yǔ) When did you finish your homework last night? What did you do the day before yesterday?,(3). 助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式如下,shallshould（將要）用于第一人稱(chēng)單數(shù) willwould（將要）用于所有人稱(chēng) can could（能，會(huì)） maymight（可以） mustmust （必須） have tohad to（不得不） 助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)要使用他們的過(guò)去式，后面的動(dòng)詞還使用原形。 如： I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。),2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞變化形式,一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示。大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式是在動(dòng)詞原形后加上ed構(gòu)成。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞稱(chēng)為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。 1） 一般情況下在詞尾直接加ed。 如：playplayed workworked 2） 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只加d. 如：like- liked loveloved 3） 以輔音字母+Y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變Y為I，再加ed. 如：studystudied carrycarried 4） 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，要雙寫(xiě)最后這個(gè)輔音字母，再加ed. 如：stopstopped,句型轉(zhuǎn)換,1.Did she study English well?(改為肯定句) She_English well. 2.I went to Los Angeles two years ago.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) _did you_to Los Angeles? 3.It took us about nine hours to get there.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) _ _ _it _you to get there? 4.We saw the homes of the movie stars there.(同上) _ did you_there? 5.We got here by bike.(同上) _ _you_here?,句型轉(zhuǎn)換,1.Did she study English well?(改為肯定句) She studied English well. 2.I went to Los Angeles two years ago.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) When did you go to Los Angeles? 3.It took us about nine hours