中考英語語法講解課件-非謂語動(dòng)詞.ppt

非謂語動(dòng)詞,第一部分：什么是非謂語動(dòng)詞？,非謂語動(dòng)詞:在句中不單獨(dú)作謂語的動(dòng)詞叫非謂語動(dòng)詞。 例: He likes to read the novel. 例：He enjoyed traveling around world. 例：John made Tom go with him. 解析： 英語的單句中，可能有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞2根據(jù)動(dòng)詞1而變化。而我們看到的動(dòng)詞2，及(to do, doing, done等形式，就是非謂語動(dòng)詞）,單句中的動(dòng)詞1與動(dòng)詞2， 動(dòng)詞1是謂語，有各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣的變化 動(dòng)詞2根據(jù)動(dòng)詞1而變化 例: He wanted to do that I am enjoying seeing the film Let us go!,非謂語動(dòng)詞的種類,1.不定式 to do 有還沒有做的含義. 2.動(dòng)名詞doing 表示抽象的名詞意義 3.現(xiàn)在分詞doing 表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行的意義. 4.過去分詞done 表示被動(dòng)或完成的意義.,第二部分：特殊的動(dòng)詞搭配,第二部分：特殊的動(dòng)詞搭配,六類?？继厥鈩?dòng)詞,vto do,V ving,只加不帶to,to do, doing 意思相同,絕大部分動(dòng)詞是此形式,詳見第9篇,Let/make sb do,begin/start/like,to do, doing 意思不同,do或doing,詳見10-17篇,see, watch, observe, notice等詳見18篇,只加ving的詞,Avoid避免; consider考慮; delay拖延; deny否認(rèn); dislike不喜歡; enjoy欣賞; excuse原諒; fancy幻想; forgive原諒; finish完成; imagine設(shè)想; keep保持; mind介意; pardon原諒; prevent阻止; practise練習(xí); resist堅(jiān)持; risk冒險(xiǎn); suggest建議; understand理解-,動(dòng)名詞與不定式語義不同,stop to do forget to do remember to do regret to do cease to do try to do go on to do Be afraid to do mean to do,stop doing forget doing remember doing regret doing cease doing try doing go on doing Be afraid doing mean doing,2) forget doing/to do forget to do 忘記要去做某事。 (未做) forget doing 忘記做過某事。 (已做) The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off. 辦公室的燈還在亮著，它忘記關(guān)了。(沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了。 ( 已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作) 典型例題 - The light in the office is still on. - Oh，I forgot_. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 答案：C。由the light is still on 可知燈亮著，即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生，因此用forget to do sth. 而forget doing sth表示燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。此處不符合題意。,3) remember doing/to do remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做) remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做) Remember to go to the post office after school. 記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。 Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不記得以前見過那個(gè)人嗎?,4)regret doing/to do regret to do 對(duì)要做的事遺憾。 (未做) regret doing 對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔。 (已做) I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遺憾必須這樣去做，我實(shí)在沒有辦法。 I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不為告訴她我的想法而后悔。 典型例題 -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 答案：D。regret having done sth. 對(duì)已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾。regret to do sth. 對(duì)將要做的事感到遺憾。本題為對(duì)已說的話感到后悔，因此選D。,5) cease doing/to do cease to do 長時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。 cease doing 短時(shí)停止做某事，以后還會(huì)接著做。 That department has ceased to exist forever. 那個(gè)部門已不復(fù)存在。 The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by. 女孩們在老師走過時(shí)，停了會(huì)聊天。 6) try doing/to do try to do 努力，企圖做某事。 try doing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。 You must try to be more careful. 你可要多加小心。 I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。,7) go on doing/to do go on to do 做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。 go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。 After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics. 做完數(shù)學(xué)后，他接著去做物理。 8) be afraid doing/to do be afraid to do 不敢，膽怯去做某事，是主觀上的原因不去做，意為“怕“； be afraid of doing 擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)doing的狀況、結(jié)果。 doing 是客觀上造成的，意為“生怕，恐怕”。 She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在草叢中再走一步。 She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。 She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。,9) mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味著 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 我想去，但是我父親不肯讓我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 贈(zèng)加工資意味著增加購買力。,感官動(dòng)詞 + doing/do 感官動(dòng)詞 （see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel） + do 表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing 表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見了“這個(gè)事實(shí)) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我見他正在花園里干活。 （強(qiáng)調(diào)“我見他正干活“這個(gè)動(dòng)作） 典型例題 1）They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 答案：A。因題意為，他們看著她長大，因此強(qiáng)調(diào)的是成長的過程，而非正 在長的動(dòng)作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。 2）The missing boy was last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 答案A. 本題強(qiáng)調(diào)其動(dòng)作，正在河邊玩，應(yīng)此用see sb. doing sth句型。,第三部分：動(dòng)詞不定式與to詞組,動(dòng)詞 + to do,動(dòng)詞+疑問詞 + to do,動(dòng)詞 + it(形式賓語）+賓補(bǔ) +to do,常見動(dòng)詞有 agree,decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, plan，learn, would like, cant wait(迫不及待) cant afford（負(fù)擔(dān)不起） 等,I dont know what to do . Can you tell me how to get there ? I cant decide which to choose.,I find it important to learn English. I think it necessary to drink the water.,用法 ：,作賓語,一些省略to的句型,（1）Why not +動(dòng)詞原形 （2）Why dont you+動(dòng)詞原形 （3）Youd better +動(dòng)詞原形 （4）Youd better not +動(dòng)詞原形 （5 ) Will you please +動(dòng)詞原形 （6）Will you please not +動(dòng)詞原形 （7）sb do nothing but（只是，只不過） 例: They didn nothing but complain,常見固定搭配,1.too to do The desk is too heavy to carry .,2.be + adj + enough to do The room is big enough for 10 people to live in .,3.Its time to do sth 或Its time for sb to do sth . Its time to have a rest.,4.It takes sb some time to do sth . It takes me three days to finish the job .,5.be + adj （glad . sorry .sure . happy . afraid等表情感 的形容詞后）+ to do sth . (1) Im sorry to trouble you .,介詞+doing,look forward to doing sth. （盼望） pay attention to doing sth. （注意） be used to doing sth. （習(xí)慣于） prefer doing sth to doing sth.（更喜歡） devote to doing sth （致力于） make a contribution to doing （做貢獻(xiàn)）,第四部分：現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞,分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。,分 詞,4,區(qū)別：,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。如：,The man standing by the windows is our teacher.站在門邊的人是我們的老師。,The house built last year has become our lab. 去年建的房子已成了我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。,1,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，過去分詞表示完成 的動(dòng)作。如：,falling leaves 正在飄落的樹葉,fallen leaves 落葉（已落下）,developing country 發(fā)展中國家,developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國家,.用括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 _(fish)is my favourite sport.I often _(fish) for hours without _(catch) anything. But this doesnt worry me.Some of the fishermen_ (be) unlucky.Instead of _(catch)fish,they catch old shoes.I am even less lucky.I never catch anything not even old shoes .After_ (spend)whole mornings on the river,I always go home with