國際商務合同內(nèi)容構成與繕制.ppt

國際商務合同內(nèi)容構成與繕制,一、國際商務英文合同的內(nèi)容構成,（一）約首(Preamble，or Heading) （二）約因條款或鑒于條款（Whereas Clause, or recitals) （三）主文/基本條款(Body) （四）約尾或合同法律效力(Witness Clause，Validation ),the corporate or personal names of the parties to the contract and their nationalities, principal places (addresses) of business or residential addresses; the name and number of the contract; the date and place for signing the contract.,說明當事人訂約經(jīng)過和目的，通常包括：當事人經(jīng)營的業(yè)務；磋商經(jīng)過；訂約的本意。常用于技術貿(mào)易合同中，但也不限于此。,國際商務合同的正文部分是合同的實質(zhì)性條款，這些基本條款主要有：Name and Specification、Quantity Clause、Packing Clause、Price Clause、Shipment Clause、Insurance Clause、Payment、Inspection、Discrepancy Or Claim、Arbitration、Force Majeure and etc.,合同的份數(shù),使用的文字和效力以及雙方的簽字,二、國際商務英文合同主要條款解析與填制,導引案例:主要合同條款分析 商品品名及規(guī)格： 中國大米 碎粒 15% 雜質(zhì) 1% 水分 14% 數(shù)量: 1000 噸 包裝: 麻袋裝 價格: 每噸420美元 CIFC2倫敦凈價，傭金2%。 交貨: 2007年9月賣方必須確保貨物在10月15日前到達買方。 保險：投保一切險、戰(zhàn)爭險以及受潮受熱險。 支付: 信用證支付,品質(zhì)條款規(guī)定的太死，不科學也無法履約,計量單位不準確，數(shù)量條款應有一定的機動,包裝條款過于籠統(tǒng),貿(mào)易術語使用不正確。CIFC2與凈價相矛盾,賣方不應保證貨物到達的準確時間，風險太大且與CIF術語的性質(zhì)相矛盾,一切險中已經(jīng)包括受潮受熱險，重復投保,支付方式的規(guī)定太籠統(tǒng)，應該具體化，否則無法操作。,引例英文表達,Commodity Name & Specifications: Chinese Rice Broken Grains（MAX.） 15% Admixture（MAX.） 1% Moisture（MAX.） 14% Quantity: 1000 M/T 5% MORE OR LESS AT SELLERS OPTION Packing: In gunny bags of 100 kgs. each gross for net (In gunny bags, each containing 100 kgs) Unit Price: USD420 PER M/T CIF LONDON Total Price: USD420,000 (SAY US DOLLARS FOUR HUNDRED AND TWENTY TWO THOUSAND ONLY),Payment: THE BUYER SHALL OPEN THROUGH A BANK ACCEPTABLE TO THE SELLER AN IRREVOCABLE SIGHT L/C TO REACH THE SELLER 30DAYS BEFORE THE MONTH OF SHIPMENT VALID FOR NEGOTIATION IN CHINA UNTIL THE 15TH DAY AFTER THE DATE OF SHIPMENT Delivery: SHIPMENT FROM SHANGHAI TO LONDON NOT LATER THAN THE END OF SEPT. 2006 WITH PARTIAL SHIPMENT AND TRANSHIPMENT ALLOWED Insurance:TO BE COVERD BY THE SELLER FOR 110% OF THE INVOICE VALUE AGAINST ALL RISKS AND WAR RISK AS PER CIS OF PICC DATED 1 JAN. 1981,1、Name and Specification,復習： Means to express quality： Sales by sample；sales by specifications；Grade or standard； Sales by brand Sales by Description,訂立品質(zhì)條款應注意的問題:,1) 正確使用品質(zhì)表示的方法。 2）對于某些產(chǎn)品可以規(guī)定質(zhì)量機動幅度Quality Flexible Range和品質(zhì)公差條款Quality Tolerance Clause 3）品質(zhì)條款要訂得科學、合理，不能訂得過高、過低、過繁、過死。 4) 用價格來控制交貨品質(zhì)的變化，規(guī)定品質(zhì)增減價條款,品質(zhì)條款舉例,例1：Printed Shirting Yarn no. of threads Width （counts） （per inch） （inch） 3036 7269 35/36” 中文：印花布 紗支 紗線密度 幅闊 （支數(shù)） (每英寸) (英寸) 例2：Chinese Grey Ducks Down, Down Content 18%， 1% more or less allowed 中文：灰鴨毛，含絨量18%，允許1%增減.,例3：S239 20cm Christmas Bear with cap and scarf, as per the samples dispatched by the seller on 20 Jul. 2007 例4：China sesame seed Moisture (max.)8%, Oil content (wet basis ethyl ether extract) 52% basis. Should the oil content of the goods actually shipped be 1% higher or lower, the price will be accordingly increased or decreased by 1% and fraction will be proportionally calculated. 中國芝麻，水分（最高）8%，含油量（濕態(tài)，乙醚浸出物）52%。如果實際裝運貨物的含油量高出或低于1%，價格相應增減1%，不足整數(shù)部分，按比例計算。,2、Quantity Clause 數(shù)量條款,訂立數(shù)量條款應注意的問題： 1）注意計量單位的選用。 2）按重量計算的商品應明確以哪種計重方法，即按毛重、凈重或以毛作凈。在合同中沒有注明時，按慣例應以凈重計量。 3）使用“約量”必須注意機動幅度及適合的情況 4）使用溢短裝條款時，應注明溢短裝部分的百分比及其選擇權、作價原則等,Example 1：Chinese Rice 20,000 M/T, 5% more or less at sellers option. 中文：中國大米 20，000公噸，5%增減（上下）由賣方?jīng)Q定 Example 2：Chinese Sesame 10,000 metric tons, gross for net, 5% more or less at sellers option at contract price. 中文：中國芝麻10，000公噸，以毛作凈，賣方可溢短裝5%，增減部分按合同價計算。,3、Packing Clause,訂立包裝條款應注意的問題： 1)要注意所在國對包裝的特殊要求 2)除非買賣雙方對包裝方式的具體內(nèi)容事先進行過充分交換意見或由于長期業(yè)務交往取得一致認識，合同中一般采用具體的規(guī)定方法。 3)運輸標志一般由賣方提供，無須在合同中規(guī)定， 如果買方要求提供也可以接受，但必須在裝運前一定時間將標志通知賣方，否則賣方有權自行決定,填制合同的用語： （1）“in ” 用某物包裝，用某種形式裝； 舉例：In cartons of 50 kilos net each. （2）“inofeach”或“in, each containing”用某物包裝，每件裝多少； 舉例：In wooden cases of 50 dozen each or: In wooden cases, each containing 50 dozen （3）“inofeach, to”用某物包裝，每件裝多少，若干件裝于一大件中 舉例：In international standard tea cartons of 20kg each, 10 cartons to a pallet, 10 pallets to a FCL container.,Shipping Marks: 必須寫明買方或賣方?jīng)Q定“at Sellers option”/“at Buyers option” 嘜頭的構成：共四行 第一行：收貨人 第二行：合同號 第三行：目的地 第四行：件號,4、 Price Clause,Unit Price: 五個部分組成,缺一不可， 書寫順序：計價貨幣, 單價金額, 計量單位，貿(mào)易術語，港口名稱。 Total Value: 給出大小寫兩種寫法， 即先用數(shù)字后用文字填寫。 用文字填寫注意三點：（1）第一個詞用“SAY”，最后用“ONLY”一詞；（2）兩種寫法：每個單詞的第一個字母大寫，或者所有字母都大寫；（3）幣種也可以寫在后面。,Example： Total Value: US$ 35,500.00 (In Figure) In Words: Say US Dollars Thirty-five Thousand Five Hundred Only. Or: SAY US DOLLARS THIRTY-FIVE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED ONLY; Or: Say Thirty-five Thousand Five Hundred US Dollars Only.,5、 Shipment Clause,訂立裝運條款應注意的問題： 1）應明確規(guī)定具體裝運時間 2）一般選擇費用低，裝卸效率高的港口作為裝運港和目的港 3）注意分批裝運、轉(zhuǎn)運，尤其是特殊的分運、轉(zhuǎn)運條款的規(guī)定,舉例,Shipment within 30 days after receipt of L/C. The relevant L/C must reach the seller not later than Oct. 25, 2007 Port of loading: Ningbo/Shanghai/Guangzhou Port of destination: Hamburg/Rotterdam/London In May 2007 with transshipment at Copenhagen. transshipment not permitted/not allowed/prohibited.,6、Insurance Clause 保險條款,CIF合同下，保險合同一般包括四個部分：由何方辦理保險(to be covered by)、投保金額(for amount)、投保險別(against risks)、保險條款規(guī)定執(zhí)行的依據(jù)(as perclause ) 掌握句型: to be covered by foragainstas per Example: Insurance to be covered by the Sellers for 110% of the invoice value against All Risks and War Risks as per (or subject to) Ocean Marine Cargo Clause of the Peoples Insurance Company of China （PICC） dated Jan. 1，1981.,保險條款簡寫,在中國投保的依據(jù)條款一般簡寫為：AS PER CIC OF PICC DATED JAN. 1, 1981. (中國人民保險公司的中國保險條款 CIC- CHINA INSURANCE CLAUSES) 國際流行的投保依據(jù)條款一般簡寫為：AS PER ICC DATED JAN. 1, 1982. （英國倫敦保險協(xié)會的協(xié)會貨物條款ICC INSTITUTE CARGO CLAUSE）,7、Payment,電匯支付方式（T/T）：例1、例2 付款交單支付方式（D/P） ：例3、例4 承兌交單支付方式（D/A） ：例5 信用證支付方式（L/C）：例6、例7 托收與信用證結(jié)合的支付方式 ：例8,8、Inspection,合同中的商檢條款一般包括檢驗機構；檢驗內(nèi)容、檢驗標準和檢驗證書；檢驗時間和地點 Inspection: The Inspection Certificate of Quality/Quantity/Sanitation issued by ENTRY-EXIT INSPECTION AND QUARANTINE BUREAU OF CHINA shall be regarded as evidence of the Sellers delivery.,9、Discrepancies and claims,Discrepancy: In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be lodged by the Buyers within XX days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination, while for quantity discrepancy, claim should be lodged by the Buyers within XX days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination. In all cases, claims must be accompanied by Survey Reports of Recognized Public Surveyors agreed by the Sellers. Should the responsibility of the subject under claim be found to rest on the part of the Sellers, the Sellers shall, within XX days after receipt of the claim, send their reply to the Buyers together with suggestions for settlement.,10、Arbitration,Arbitration: All disputes arising in connection with this Sales Contract or the execution thereof shall be settled by way of amicable negotiation. In case no settlement can be reached, the case at issue shall then be submitted for arbitration to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission in accordance with the provisions of the said Commission. The arbitral award shall be deemed as final and binding upon both parties. The fee, for arbitration shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded by the Commission.,11、 Force Majeure,Force Majeure : The Sellers shall not be held responsible if they fail, owing to Force Majeure cause or causes, to make delivery within the time stipulated in this Sales Contract or cannot deliver the goods. However, the Sellers sha